Odokotela ngaphansi kwegama elithi "dysplasia" kusho ukungaboni kahle kokuzalwa komzimba, okuholela ekuphazanyeni komsebenzi wakhe futhi kungabangela ukuxoshwa okungapheli kwe-hip.
Kusobala ukuthi leso sifo lapho kungekho khona ukwelashwa akupheli kahle. Ukwephulwa komzimba, ubuhlungu ezinxenyeni ze-hip kanye nenengozi enkulu yokukhubazeka - lokhu kuyimiphumela yokudonswa kwe-dysplasia. Ngakho-ke, wonke omama nabazali kudingeka bazi izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo futhi baqonde ukubaluleka kokuvakashelwa okufika ngesikhathi kumathambo omzimba. Ukuxilongwa kokuqala kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kuzokusiza ukugwema izinkinga!
Yisiphi isizathu?
Umbono ovamile ochwepheshe mayelana ne-dysplasia ye-hip ndawonye emntwaneni akusekho. Ngokwezinye zezinguqulo, isizathu esiyinhloko ukukhubazeka kokuthuthukiswa kwezicubu zomzimba ezisekuqaleni kokukhulelwa (izinyanga ezingu-2-3 zokuqala). Kule ndawo engakaze ibe yindawo engavumelekanga, ukutholakala kwezidakamizwa ezinobuthi nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo.
Ngokwezinye izinkolelo, izinga eliphakeme le-oxytocin, i-hormone ebangela ukuqala komsebenzi, lisebenza ekuthuthukiseni amajoyina eminyango. Ukuhlanganiswa ne-trimester ye-III, i-oxytocin ikhulisa ithoni lezinsikazi zesisu zomntwana, ngenxa yalokho ukuhlanjululwa kwezihlanganisi ze-hip kukhula kancane kancane. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuyisizathu sokusakazeka okukhulu kwe-dysplasia emantombazaneni (izikhathi eziphindwe kasikhombisa kunabesilisa), okungenzeka ukuthi zithinteke ngemuva kwesizinda se-hormonal umama.
Namanje ukwandisa ingozi ye-in vitro fetal position kanye nokusebenza kanzima okwesikhashana (ngesethulo esivelayo).
Ukuthambekela kwe-dysplasia kuvame ukuzuzwa njengefa, ngakho-ke uma ezinye zezihlobo zakho sezivele zinezimo ezinjalo, kudingeka ucabange ngokuxilongwa kusengaphambili.
Qaphela
Ukusola abazali abangalungile bangazibophezela, ngisho nangaphambi kokubonisana kwamathambo. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ngesimo esibi sesifo, lapho ikhanda le-femur liphuma ngokuphelele emgodleni ohlangene. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukuba khona kwe-dysplasia kunqunywa kuphela ngososayensi, ngoba ukuxhaswa nokuxilongwa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-hip kwangaphandle akubonakali ngokwayo. Izici eziyinhloko:
umkhawulo wokuhamba (we-dilution) wezinqulu, ngokuvamile ingane iqala ukukhala lapho izama ukukhipha umlenze
eceleni;
i-asymmetry (incongruity) yamapulangwe ama-inguinal ne-gluteal, okuba ngaphezulu nakwehlangothini elimele.
Kodwa ukuba khona kwalezi zibonakaliso kuphela ku-dysplasia yokuhlanganiswa kwe-hip kwengane akuwona uphawu oluphelele lwesifo futhi kungase kube umphumela wokuphulwa komsindo we-muscle.
Uma kwenzeka ukuxoshwa, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-hip kulahlekelwa imisebenzi yayo, futhi umlenze othintekile unciphise. Kukhona "uphawu lokuchofoza" - isimboli sekhanda lesifazane kusukela ebusweni bomzimba lapho imilenze yengane igobile emagcekeni nasezintweni zomlenze, kanye nesiqondiso sayo lapho ihlanjululwe.
Ungaphuthelwa isikhathi!
Uma i-dysplasia ingatholakali ezinyangeni ezingu-6 zokuqala, khona-ke ukulimala okuhlanganyelwe kuyaqhubeka - isilwane siphuthumisiwe, i-pathological ("duck") i-gait noma i-claudication yesikhashana isakhiwe (ngokuhlukaniswa kwamanye amazwe).
Ukuxilongwa kwe-dysplasia ngokuvamile kuvame esibhedlela. Uma lokhu kungenzeki (maduzane, i-ultrasound yenziwa kuphela uma kunezinkinga), umama ngokwakhe angacela udokotela wezingane ukuthi aqhube ukuhlolwa. Kuphephile impilo yengane futhi iqinisekisa ukunemba okuphakeme kokuxilongwa.
Ngisho noma i-ultrasound eyodwa ingakabonakali i-pathology, khumbula ukuthi ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo yi-orthopedist kanye nokuhlolwa okuhleliwe kuzosiza ingane ukuba igweme izinkinga ezingenzeka.
Ukuvakasha kokuqala kumzimba wamazinyo kufanele kwenzeke kungakapheli inyanga eyodwa, ngakho-ke i-ultrasound eyimpoqo yokuhlanganiswa kwe-hip yenziwa. Lesi yisimo esibalulekile sokuxilongwa kokuqala kwe-dysplasia. Ukuhlolwa kabusha kwenziwa ekupheleni kwenyanga yesithathu, udokotela angancoma ama-X ray. Ifundisa kabanzi kune-ultrasound. Kunzima kunazo zonke ukuxilongwa kwe-subluxation yenhlanganisela ye-hip, cishe cishe engabonakali ngokwayo futhi ibonakala kuphela kwi-X-ray.
Thatha ngokungathí sina ukunakekelwa kokuvikela okuvela emthonjeni wezinzwa - isikhathi sokuhlolwa asikho okungahleliwe, ngasinye sihlobene nesigaba esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ingane.
Uma i-dysplasia itholwe ezinyangeni zokuqala ezintathu zokuphila komntanakho, emva kokuthola ukwelashwa (njengomthetho, ngenyanga yesithupha kuya ku-8) amandla okusebenzisana ayobuyiselwa ngokuphelele futhi akukho miphumela esikude eyenzekayo. Kodwa lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ngokutholwa kokuqala kanye nokwelashwa okwanele.
Ingane encane, kulula ukuphatha i-dysplasia. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ezinganeni zezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala umbuthano ungabuyiselwa ngokuzimela, uma nje ama-pedicels ehlala esesimweni esifanele. Yingakho indlela eyinhloko yokwelashwa ezinyathelweni zokuqala zesifo yinto yokukhishwa kwamahhala, lapho imilenze yengane isesimweni esithinta khona.
Kulokhu, okuhlangenwe nakho kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia nase-Afrika, lapho omama ngokuvamile bevame ukugqoka izingane ezibelethweni noma ngemuva kweminyango yabo.
Amacala e-dysplasia awavamile lapha, ngoba amalunga anikezwe izimo ezinhle zokuthuthukiswa okuvamile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, emazweni aseYurophu, kuvamile ukushayela izingane ezincane (ukubopha imilenze ngomunye nomunye) - kule ndawo, ngisho nezinhlobo ezilula kunazo zonke zokuthuthukiswa kwamajoyina kungaholela ekwakheni i-dysplasia.
Hamba inkululeko!
Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi i-swaddling yamahhala ayikuvumeli kuphela ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezizimele ekutholeni, kodwa futhi kuvuselela ukuthuthukiswa kwamajoyina, okuvimbela ukutholakala kwezinkinga. Okushiwo yi-swaddling yamahhala yukuthi imilenze yengane kufanele ihlale isesimweni esiphakamisayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo inenkululeko eyanele yokuhamba. Indlela elula yokufeza lokhu iwububanzi obuningi kanye ne-diapers elahlayo: ngemuva kokubeka i-diaper ehlanzekile enganeni, i-diaper eboshiwe igcwele phezu kwayo, ifakwe ebhodini elibanzi, ukuze umntwana angakwazi ukuhambisa imilenze ndawonye. Kule ndawo, isiguli esincane kumele sibe ngamahora angu-24 ngosuku. Ngokuvamile, lo dokotela uneza inkambo yokusikhipha imithi nokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke (kufaka phakathi ukunyakaza okuyi-circular in the joint joints). Ezimweni eziningi zamafomu amancane (ukuhlukunyezwa, uku-pre-prefusion nokuhamba kancane kwekhanda lesifazane), lokhu kukwelashwa kwanele.
Awunaso isikhathi ...
Kodwa uma ukwelashwa nokuvimbela kungakenziwa ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila, ukwelashwa okubaluleke nakakhulu kuyodingeka ukuba ululame ngokugcwele. Ingozi ye-dysplasia engaziwa yilapho amathambo omncane aguquguquka kakhulu futhi ngenxa yokukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene ngenxa yezici zabo zonyaka. Amasipha omntwana aqhubeka ekhula, kodwa lesi sici sibuye sichaze indlela yaso enkulu yokuthuthukiswa kwemimoya. Amalungu amaningi (kufaka phakathi i-hip) ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila ahlanganisa ikakhulukazi izicubu zomzimba, futhi noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwamathambo kuholela ekwakheni ukukhubazeka okukhulu. Ukuze umise ukuqhubeka kwesifo, kufanele ubuyele esimweni esijwayelekile zonke izingxenye zokujoyina. Ukuze benze lokhu, bavame ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamathayi angaphandle, bagcina imilenze yengane isesimweni esifanele. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngemuva kwesikhashana ukujoyina kancane kancane "kulungiswe" futhi kuqala ukuthuthukisa ngendlela efanele.
Uma uneminyaka engu-2-3, ama-X-ray awavumi ukunikezwa iziguli ezincane ezine-dysplasia, ngoba ngisho nangesifo sokuhlonza okungenakuqinisekiswa kuyisiko ukunikeza indlela yokwelapha evikelayo: ukusetshenziswa kwamathayi athambileyo, inkambo yokuzivocavoca (ngokuchithwa-ukujikeleza kwemisipha) kanye ne-gluteus muscle massage. Ukugaya nokugaya ukuhlanganisa kahle nezindlela ze-physiotherapy, ukusheshisa ukuphumula.
Ukusebenzisa amathayi okusabalalisa, khumbula ukuthi ukuklama kwawo akufanele kuphazamise ukunyakaza kwamahhala wengane, kungenjalo ukuphumelela kokwelashwa kuncishisiwe. Akunakwenzeka ukususa isakhiwo sokugcina ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela, isikhundla esimisiwe samalungu kufanele sigcinwe njalo. Endabeni yezifo ezincane zalesi sifo, isondo lokusakazeka sigqoke ingane kuphela ngesikhathi sokulala. Isinqumo sokuyeka ukwelashwa senziwa udokotela ngesisekelo semiphumela yezifundo eziningana ze-X-ray nokunyamalala kwezimpawu.
Uma emva kwezinyanga ezingu-2-4 zokwelashwa akukho ukulungiswa okuzenzekelayo kokuhlukaniswa, kepha ukuphumula okuphelele kwemisipha yezinsikazi kufezwa, ukulungiswa okunamandla okuhambisana nalokho okuqhubekayo kusetshenziswe. Ngenxa yalokhu, kusetshenziswe i-bandage ye-plaster, evumela ukugcina izingxenyana ze-hip yengane zihlanjululwe ngokuphelele futhi ziboshwe ezingxenyeni ezifanele. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kusetshenziswe uma kwenzeka izinhlobo ezimbi noma ukuxilongwa kwamuva kwe-dysplasia, lapho izindlela ezincane zingasasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, ngiphinde ngifuna ukunakwa abazali ngokubaluleka kokuhlolwa kokuqala: ekutholeni i-dysplasia ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala, ukubuyiswa okuphelele kwamajoyini e-hip kuma-95% wezingane kutholakala ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zokwelapha.
Ukunakekelwa okunjalo kwesikhathi eside kubonakala kubuthakathaka futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuvamile abazali bazama ukuthola izindlela ezisebenzayo futhi ... yiqiniso, yenza iphutha. Ukwelashwa okuncane ngokuhamba ngesiteji kwesimo sosana kuyasebenza kakhulu futhi, ngokuqinisekile, kungabikho ukuphindaphindwa okungaphezu kokusebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa okukodwa kokuvala i-anesthesia, okungase kuholele ekuhluphekeni okunzima.
Ukuqaphela kuyimpoqo
Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila, zonke izingane ziphinde zihlolwe ngokujwayelekile nomhlinzeki wamazinyo. Bese uhlukanisa ngokomqondo amaqembu amaningana:
izingane ezine-dysplasia ezingazange zithole ukwelashwa;
izingane ezinezinhlobo ezinzima, ezilungiswe kahle ze-dysplasia;
izingane ezine-dysplasia esele.
Ingane ngayinye, uma kunesidingo, inikezwa ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo - okulondolozayo (ukubhuca, ukuvocavoca, umzimba we-physiotherapy) noma ukungenelela okuhlinzayo. Uma kutholakala ukuthi ukuxilongwa "kokungabikho okungaqondakali" kuqinisekiswa, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa - ukuphindaphinda okuvulekile kokujoyina ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia.
Uma ukuxoshwa kulawulwa yizindlela zokuzikhandla, ukuhlinzekwa kokuhlanganiswa akukwenziwa, kepha ngezinye izikhathi kusebenza okunye okuzosiza ukulungisa (ukuqiniswa) okuhlangene. Ngokuvamile, ukungenelela okunjalo kwenziwa ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3 ubudala, lapho umzimba wezingane unzima ukubekezelela i-anesthesia. Kodwa ukwelapha okuhlinzekwa kokujoyina ngokwayo kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka! Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukwakha okuhlanganyelwe izinyanga ezingu-12-13, lapho umntwana eqala ukuhamba.