Kanjani kahle ukuqoqa amakhambi?
Naphezu kwempumelelo yamakhemikhali, okuyinto eye yanikeza imithi imithi ephumelelayo kakhulu, izitshalo ziqhubeka zithatha indawo ebalulekile emphakathini jikelele wemithi. Kodwa-ke, uma uqoqa amakhambi okwelapha ngokuzimela, kufanele uhambisane nemithetho yokugcina yokugcina kanye nemithetho yeqoqo, ngoba ngesikhathi esisodwa isitshalo sinempahla edingekayo yokwelashwa, ngaphandle kwalokho, ingasindiswa kuphela uma iqoqwe kahle futhi igcinwa kahle.
Inombolo yemigomo esebenzayo equkethwe kwisitshalo sezokwelapha ihlukahluka ezikhathini ezahlukene zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwalokhu okulandelayo, ngakho-ke isikhathi sokuqoqa amakhambi okudokotela siphelelwe isikhathi sokuqukethwe okukhulu kakhulu kwezinto ezisebenzayo kuzo. Ngakho-ke, uma isitshalo sonke siya emsebenzini, siqoqwa ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza; ngesikhathi esifanayo, izitshalo nazo ziqoqwe, okuvela kuyo zonke izingxenye ezingenhla. Ukuqoqwa kwamaqabunga kuvame ukuqhutshwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ngaphandle komama nonina, okuvunwa emva kokuchichima. Izimpande, ama-rhizomes kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa zivuna ekwindla, emva kokuphela kwesitshalo se-sap sap, noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqala kwawo. Imbewu nezithelo - ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okugcwele, okunye okuhlukile. Ukuqoqwa kwezingxenye ezingenhla ezingaphansi komhlaba, ikakhulukazi izimbali, kumele kwenziwe endaweni esomile ngemva kokuba amazolo ehla, njengoba kuphela ngaphansi kwalesi simo kungenzeka ukuthi kulondolozwe umbala wemvelo wezingxenye zezitshalo nokuzivimbela ekuzifudumeni (izinqubo zokuqothula amabhaktheriya kanye nama-fungal); umphumela okuvame ukulahlekelwa yisimiso esisebenzayo sesitshalo.
Imithetho yokuqoqwa kwezingxenye ezithile zezitshalo
Izinso zivunwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele amaqabunga aluhlaza, kusukela amahlumela okubaluleka okwelapha awabheki amafihlethi. Lapho kuvuna i-pine efihlekile nabo nommese obukhali banquma 2-3 mm amahlumela ngonyaka odlule; Ukuhluma okuncane (isibonelo, birch) kunqunywa ngamagatsha. Yomile, isakaze ungqimba omncane, ezindaweni ezingena umoya. Amagatsha omisiwe aphulwa noma izinso ziqedwa ngesandla.
Amagxolo avunwa ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kokunyuka kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze. Yenza imibono emibili yezindandatho ngommese ebangeni elingama-20-30 cm, uhlangane nezinkolelo ezimbili zesikhathi eside futhi uchithe amagxolo ezindaweni ezinjengemifantu. Amagxolo asusiwe emathunini nasemagatsheni (ukuvuthwa kwe-buckthorn), nakwe-oki - kuphela emagatsheni. Sula amagxolo entshonalanga, ngaphansi kwezingubo zomgwaqo noma ezindaweni ezivaliwe.
Amaqabunga aqoqwe ngesikhathi sokuhluma, izitshalo zezimbali, ngezinye izikhathi esigabeni se-fruiting. I-petioles enamanzi amancane, engenayo izinto eziwusizo (umama nomama wesifazane), isusiwe, njengoba yenza kube nzima ukuma. Amaqabunga amancane esikhumba (cowberry) anqunywa kanye namahlumela, bese amaqabunga ehlukaniswa. Emile emthunzini ngaphansi kwamathrekhi, emakamelweni avaliwe, ubeka ungqimba omncane.
Ngaphambi kokuba uhambe izitshalo zokwelapha, kudingeka uzijwayele, ufunde ukuqaphela izinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo okufanele ziqoqwe, futhi uzihlukanise ngokufanayo, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kokuvuna, ukwehlisa noma ngisho nezinhlobo ezinobuthi. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zesitshalo ezivuna futhi yiziphi izikhathi ezithile, izindawo zokukhula komzimba, imithetho ejwayelekile kanye nendlela yokuqoqa, kanye nezindlela zokucubungula okuyisisekelo izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivuthiwe. Ikakhulukazi kubalulekile ukukhumbula izinyathelo zokuqapha lapho uqoqa izitshalo ezinobuthi.
Izimbali zivunwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza okugcwele, ngezinye izikhathi esigabeni sokuqhuma. Omile emthunzini, ngezinye izikhathi egumbini elimnyama (ama-cornflowers).
I-Grasses ivunwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza okugcwele noma ukuqubuka, ukusika yonke indawo engaphezulu-emhlabathini emaqabunga aphansi, ezitshalweni ezineziqu (umhlonyane, izintambo), amaqabunga ahlukene kanye neziqongo zezimbali. Yoma emigodini emincane, imiswe okwesikhashana, noma ubeke ungqimba omncane emthunzini. indawo enomoya omuhle, isibonelo esiteji.
Izithelo nembewu zivunwa ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okugcwele, kanti ngezinye izikhathi kancane kancane okungavuthiwe (inja evukile) uma kwenzeka lapho sesivuthiwe, izithelo zivuthwa noma zilula futhi ziqoqa uma ziqoqiwe. Izithelo ezinomsoco zihlwithwa ekuseni noma kusihlwa, njengokungathi ngosuku oluqoqene ukushisa okusheshayo ziwohloka ngokushesha. Ngaphambi kokumiswa, bawuthela ilanga izinsuku ezingu-1-2, bese bomiswa ngo-70-90 ° C emahhavini. Sicela uqaphele: awukwazi ukugeza izithelo ngaphambi kokuma. Ngaphambi kokumiswa, izinto ezibonakalayo zihlungwa, zisuse izingxenye ezifakwe engozini zezitshalo ezifanayo noma ezinye. Beka izitshalo endaweni encane, uhlanganise izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngosuku (ngaphandle kwezimbali). Izinto zokwakha ezidayayo kufanele zihlale ziluhlaza, ungabe usomile. Ukumisa sekuphelile lapho amaqabunga nezimbali ezitholakala kalula zibe yi-powder, iziqu ziphuka nge-character crack, izimpande ziphuka, kodwa ungaphenduli, amajikijolo aphuka esandleni, unganiki ama-clots anamathele.
Londoloza usizo!
Isiqukathi esihle kakhulu sokugcina izinto zokwelapha ezomisiwe - izimbiza ze-opaque, amabhokisi amakhadibhodi, izikhwama zamaphepha. Amasaka endwangu ayifanele - ayinambitheka engavumelekile, kodwa athola umswakama kahle. Indawo yokugcina kumele ibe eyomile, eyomile neyomoya. Ifulethi liyikhabhinethi elifanelekile, kuleli lizwe - isilaphu esomile. Ngokuqondene nomkhuhlane, awukhathazi utshani obomile.
Izitshalo zokwelapha ezidakayo kufanele zigcinwe ngokwehlukana ezivuthayo. Amajikijolo omile angama-hygroscopic, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuwagcina endaweni eyomile ekuhlelweni kwezikhwama zamaphepha. Izinto ezidayayo kumele zigcinwe zihlukaniswe nezinto ezinokumnandi - i-parafini, i-naphthalene, njll. Ngokujwayelekile imigomo yokugcina yezimbali, utshani namaqabunga akudluli iminyaka engu-1-2, nezimpande, ama-rhizomes, amagxolo - iminyaka engu-2-3.
Iphephandaba "Masibe nempilo!" № 5 2008