Abameli.
I-Muraya exotic (Latin Murraya exotica L.), noma i-M. paniculata (L.) Jack. Indawo yakuleli sitshalo yiziqhingi zaseSumatra, iJava, iPhilippines, i-Peninsula yase-Indochina, iMalacca ne-India. I-Muraya exotic iyisihlahla esincane kakhulu kuze kube ngu-4 m phezulu. Kodwa-ke, endaweni yokungaphakathi kuyisihlahla esihlala njalo esihlahleni (30-50 cm high) noma isihlahla esihlahleni (cishe 1.5 m). I-bark ine-hue emhlophe ephuzi noma ephuzi. Amagatsha amancane kakhulu, asemncane esemncane egcwele izinwele ezincane. Izitshalo zibuthakathaka, ngakho isitshalo sidinga ukwesekwa. Amaqabunga aphelelwe amandla, aphikisana kakhulu, ahlelwe eceleni. Ama-leaflet (ama-3-5 ama-PC). Ingabe i-lanceolate evulekile, ibe nomkhawulo owodwa. Ngenxa yokuthi iqabunga elikhulu kunazo zonke (3-5 cm ubude) likhona phezulu, futhi encane (1 cm) - kusukela ngezansi, umqhele womuthi ubheka umoya ongeyena futhi ongekho emthonjeni.
Ngokuvamile amaqabunga amaqabunga ashintshaniswa. Amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, anesibhakabhaka, anephunga elimnandi lemon lapho ehlutshiwe, ngakho asetshenziswa njenge-spice ekuphekeni. Izimbali ziyi-funnel, zize zifike ku-1.8 cm ubude, ziqoqwe ku-inflorescence ye-scutellum, etholakala phezulu, ikwazi ukuthola i-aroma ye-jasmine. Izithelo ezibomvu zidliwayo, nxazonke noma zinezinyosi, 2-3 cm ububanzi.
Imithetho yokunakekelwa.
Ukukhanyisa. Izitshalo zendlu ye-muraia zithanda ukukhanya okwenziwe ngokukhanya okukhulu. Khulisa kufanele kube ewindini elisempumalanga noma entshonalanga. Iwindi elisenyakatho yesitshalo kungenzeka lingabi nokukhanya okwanele, ngenxa yokuthi izimbali ziyoba buthakathaka. Ewindini eliseningizimu ye-murai kuyadingeka ukwenza shading ngosizo lwendwangu eguquguqukayo, i-gauze noma i-tulle. Ehlobo, isitshalo kufanele sithathwe emoyeni ovulekile, sisishiye endaweni evulekile.
Ngemuva kwebusika, lapho kunezinsuku ezimbalwa ezishisayo, kuyadingeka kancane kancane ukuba u-Murai ajwayele ukukhanya kwelanga phakathi nonyaka, ngoba ukukhanya kwelanga kuyanda.
Umbuso wokushisa. Esikhathini esifudumele sonyaka, izinga lokushisa elihle lomungi lingama-20-25 ° C. Kusuka ekwindla, kungcono ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa lokuqukethwe kwesitshalo. Ebusika kunconywa ukuyigcina ku-16-18 ° C.
Ukunisela. I-Muraya yisitshalo esithanda ukuchelela okuphambili, ikakhulukazi kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla. Esikhathini sekwindla nobusika, ukuchelela kufanele kuncishiswe kube okulinganayo. Kunoma yikuphi, ungavumeli inhlabathi ukuthi iphele, ngoba uhlelo lwempande ngeke lulahleke ngenxa yalokhu. Amanzi kufanele alandelwe ngamanzi amancane amile.
Umswakama. Lesi sitshalo singenasisekelo kumswakama, sikhetha umswakama okhulayo. Isimiso sokugunyazwa sokunakekela i-murai sishaye nsuku zonke. Kanye ngesonto, kunconywa ukuba ugeze amaqabunga ngamanzi afudumele noma ubeke isitshalo ngaphansi kwewashi elifudumele. Ngezinye izikhathi ibhodlela elinomuthi libekwe phezu kwenaliti egcwele i-peat enomanzi noma i-claydite.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Udinga ukondla i-muraiya njalo emavikini amabili, kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ukugqoka okuphezulu kusuka kumanyolo we-organic and ogcwele amaminerali okugcwele, uwashintshe ngokuhlukile.
Isihlahla sama-muraia sivame ukubekezelela izihlahla ezifake umqhele.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo. Izitshalo ezincane zinconywa ukuba zitshalwe njalo ngonyaka, abadala - okungenani kanye eminyakeni engu-2-3. Ukuze ufake ukufakelwa, udinga ukusebenzisa i-substrate engavumelekile yesondlo. Ukubunjwa kwayo kwezitshalo ezincane kulandela lokhu: i-sod, iqabunga, i-humus nesihlabathi esilinganisweni se-1: 1: 0.5: 1. Ukufakelwa kabusha kwe-murai yabantu abadala, kunconywa ukuthi basebenzise i-substrate ngenani eliphakeme lamaqabunga omhlaba. Kumele unikezwe phansi embizeni yokugeleza okuhle.
Ukukhiqiza. Lesi sitshalo sangaphakathi siveza izithelo (cuttings) kanye nembewu.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, ukuhluma kwabo kuphakeme.
I-cuttings ebonakalayo isetshenziselwa ukusakazwa kwemifino. Kufanele itshalwe emaphaketheni entwasahlobo futhi igcinwe ekushiseni okuphakeme (26-30 ° C). Ukusikwa ngezimpande ezakhiwe kufakwe endaweni engamamitha angu-7-cm. Ukuze ukufakelwa kusetshenziswe i-substrate yokubunjwa okulandelayo: amaqabunga - 1h, humus - 0.5h, sod - 1h. nesihlabathi - 1h.
Izinkinga zokunakekelwa. Uma amaqabunga e-muraiya aqala ukubola phakathi nendawo kanye nangasemngceleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo sithole ukushisa kwelanga. Uma amathiphu amaqabunga emile noma ama-peduncles awela, isitshalo sigcinwa emoyeni omile kakhulu.
Izinambuzane: isikhumba, isicabucabu, i-whitefly.