Izifo ezibangelwa ukungabi namavithamini

Ngosuku umuntu kufanele athole inani elithile lamaprotheni, amafutha, ama-carbohydrate namaminerali. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe imenyu yakho iqinisekisa ukugcwaliseka kwalesi simo, akusona isizathu sokubiza ukuthi ukudla kwakho kusebenza ngokugcwele. Ekudleni, ingxenye eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yokudla - amavithamini - kumele abe khona ngobuningi obanele. Uma lesi simo singagcinwa, umuntu udala izifo ezibangelwa ukungabi namavithamini.

Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini emzimbeni womuntu kungaholela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene, okubangelwa ukungabi khona kwemibono yezinto eziphilayo ezihilela la mavithamini.

Sekuyisikhathi eside isintu sesazi isifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-scurvy. Lesi sifo sasivame ukuhlushwa ngabasolwandle abahamba ngezinyawo ezinyangeni eziningi. I-scurvy ibonakala ngendwangu yokwanda yezindonga zegazi, izinsini eziphuma igazi, ukukhulula nokulahlekelwa kwamazinyo. Ngemuva kokutholakala kwamavithamini kwatholakala ukuthi isikhukhula siba nokuntuleka emzimbeni wevithamini C (elinye igama laleli vithamini yi-ascorbic acid). Kuvela ukuthi lapho kungekho khona izinto kubantu, i-collagen protein synthesis iphazanyiswa, okuholela emiphumeleni enjalo engathandeki. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi ama-scurvy e-Middle Ages ayevame ukutholakala kubagibeli bamanzi, ngenxa yokuthi ezikhathini zangaphambili ukunikezwa kwezithelo nemifino esheshayo kwaphela ngokushesha emikhumbi. Manje sekuyaziwa ukuthi i-ascorbic acid itholakala ngokuyinhloko kwimikhiqizo yezitshalo. Ekuqaleni leli qiniso lalingaziwa (ikakhulukazi mayelana namavithamini njengalokhu emphakathini wesayense waqala ukukhuluma kuphela ngo-1880). Manje isifo esiyingozi esibangelwa ukungabikho kwe-vitamin C, akuyona into evamile, futhi imbangela enkulu yalokho kwenzeka khona yizifo ezinzima ekudleni. Uma udla nsuku zonke imifino noma izithelo, ungadingeki ukwesaba ukubonakala kwalesi sifo.

Kuzifo ezibangelwa ukungabi nabuthakathaka kwe-vitamin A, hememelopia, noma, njengoba abantu bebiza lesi sifo, "ubumpumputhe ubusuku". Ngalesi simo sokukhubazeka, umuntu ubona kahle phakathi nosuku, kodwa kusihlwa, uqonda kabi izinto ezizungezile. Lesi simo singabhekwa njengesibonakaliso sokuqala kokuntuleka kwevithamini A ekudleni. Njengoba kunomsoco omningi we-vitamin A emndenini wesintu, i-xerophthalmia iqala, ebonakala ngokumelela kwe-cornea iso. Ngokuvamile isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezi zifo ukuphulwa kokumuncwa nokuthutha emzimbeni wamafutha. Njengoba i-vitamin A i-fat-soluble, ngenxa yokuphulwa komzimba wamagciwane emzimbeni futhi kukhona ukungabi nalutho kwezinto eziphilayo eziphilayo, nakuba ukudla ngokwayo kungaqukatha isamba esanele samavithamini A. Uma kunjalo, kungenakho ukungena kwevithamini A ekudleni, lesi simo kulula lungisa ukufakwa kwimenyu yezingubo kusuka izaqathe, utamatisi, i-dill.

Ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin D kubangela isifo ezinganeni ezibizwa ngokuthi i-rickets. Ngalesi sifo, inkambo evamile yenqubo ye-bone mineralization iphazamiseka, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwamazinyo kubambezeleka. Imithombo ye-vitamin D yilezi zokudla ezifana nesibindi, ibhotela, isikhupha samaqanda. Inani elikhulu levithamini D litholakala nakumafutha enhlanzi.

I-Vitamin E iyinto ebalulekile kakhulu ephilayo esebenzayo efakazela izinqubo zokuphila zesimiso sokuzala. Ngokuntuleka kwe-vitamin E emadodeni, ukubunjwa kwe-spermatozoa kuphelelwe amandla, futhi kwabesifazane, kungenzeka kube nokungaziphathi kahle ekuthuthukiseni i-fetus. Umthamo wansuku zonke we-vitamin E uvame ukuhlinzekwa ngemikhiqizo efana namafutha yemifino, okusanhlamvu, ulethisi, iklabishi.

Lezi zifo zinikeza umqondo ocacile wokuthi ukungabi namavithamini athile ekudleni komuntu kubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zezempilo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze sikwazi ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo, kufanele silwele ukwenza ukudla kwethu kube njengokwehlukahluka ngangokunokwenzeka, kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yemvelaphi yesilwane nemifino. Indlela enjalo izovumela, uma kunokwenzeka, ukuqinisekisa ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kwezidakamizwa ezisebenzayo nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezibangelwa ukungabi namavithamini.