Izimbali zezimbali ezihamba ngaphakathi, okunakekelwa yizinto ezinzima kakhulu, ezijabulisayo nezimbali zalo kusukela ekwindla ngasekupheleni konyaka. Izimbali zalo zangempela zembala ehlukahlukene zifana nezindwangu zamabhotela eziqhuma phezu kwesihlahla. Ukushiya kuwo kukhulu kakhulu, kuma-petioles amade, aluhlaza okwempuphu ehlukahlukene, ikhula phezu kwe-tuber eline-flat ephethe ububanzi obufinyelela ku-15 cm.
Kunombono wokuthi izimbali zasendlini ye-cyclamen zinzima ukukhula ekamelweni. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngempela. Nge-cyclamen, ethathwe kumngani, ngeke kube nezinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa izitshalo ezithengwa esitolo, zihlala ekamelweni ngobunzima. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaphambi kwalokhu izimbali ze-cyclamen zakhula ezindaweni zokugcina zokugcina. Ngemuva kokuthenga, bajwayele umoya oshisayo wezindlu zethu nezindlu isikhathi eside. Kodwa, uma ubeka umzamo omncane, nge-cyclamen efanele yokulima ingahlala iminyaka engaba ngu-25! Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-cyclamens ezilinywa ekamelweni: I-Cyclamen yasePheresiya ne-Cyclamen yaseYurophu. Naphezu kwegama elifanayo, lihluke kakhulu phakathi komunye nomunye ngezimo ezibukeka nezikhulayo.
I-European Cyclamen
Kusukela ku-cyclamen yasePheresiya iYurophu ihluke ngokuthi ine-tuber encane enezikhukhula, amaqabunga abomvu ngezansi. Ikhula ngokugcwele emafasiteleni emazingeni okushisa amazinga angama-+18 - +20 kanye nomoya omile, e-penumbra. Ingxube engcono kunazo zonke emhlabeni: i-sod, umhlaba ohlaza, ama-humus, i-peat, isihlabathi (2: 2: 2: 2: 1). Nisela le cyclamen emgodini ngamanzi apholile (3-4 degrees ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa kwamakamelo), ehlobo kakhulu, ebusika akuvamile. Lezi zinhlobo azikho isikhathi sokuphumula, ngesikhathi sasebusika singalahlekelwa amanye amaqabunga, kodwa entwasahlobo entsha izokhula - futhi isitshalo sizokhula. Yiphakamise ngezilimo eziyizigaxa, ezihlukaniswa kalula ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, noma ngokuhlukaniswa kwamahlumela angaphakathi. Balala ngokuphelele umhlaba. Imbewu ivame ukusabalaliswa.
Cyclamen isiPersian
Indoor flower cyclamen yasePheresiya isakazwa imbewu. Zithengwa esitolo noma zitholwe yimpova yokufakelwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thumela impova ngebhashishi elithambile kusuka embali yesitshalo esisodwa kuya ekuhlazweni komunye, ukuphinda le nqubo ngokuthembeka izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuvota impova ekuseni. Imbewu izovuthwa ezinyangeni ezingu-3 kuya kwezingu-4. Baqoqa, bahlanze futhi bahlwanyele ngokushesha, njengoba belahlekelwa ngokushesha.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa endishini enenhlanganisela yeqabunga lomhlabathi nesihlabathi (4: 1), ibeka emigodini ngayinye. Ngaphansi kwesitsha ukwenza izimbobo zokudonsa amanzi - ukudonsa kwamanzi amaningi. Ukujula kwe-seeding kuyinto 0.5 - 0.7 cm, ilungiselelo liyi-1x1 cm noma i-2x2, phezulu ihlanganiswe nephepha. Kutheleka ephepheni, kungavumeli ukoma komhlabathi. Leli phepha livikela isitshalo ekuhlanganiseni nasekubukeni kwe-moss kuso. Amahlumela avela ngosuku lwama-25 kuya ku-30 ekushiseni kwamazinga angu-+18 + +20 (ebumnyameni). Lapho kuvela amahlumela, amapulethi adluliselwa ekukhanyeni, iphepha lisusiwe, kodwa livikelwe elangeni eliqondile. Thela ngokucophelela kusuka esibelethweni, uzama ukuwazisa umhlaba, hhayi izitshalo. Kodwa noma ngabe kunjalo amaqabunga kufanele ashe ebusuku. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, izitshalo zondliwa ngesisombululo se-ammonium sulfate (2 g ngalinye ilitha). Futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10 - i-potassium nitrate (1 g ngalinye ilitha lamanzi). Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5 izithombo kakade zinamahlamvu amabili kuya kwangu-3. Zibanjwe ngokuvumelana nesimiso se-3x3 cm, ama-nodules agcwele umhlaba.
Ukunakekelwa kwehlobo nge-cyclamen
Ehlobo, izimbali zasendlini ye-cyclamen zingathathwa ku-greenhouse. Ukunakekela kumele kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho ethile. Umhlaba ngesikhathi sokuchelela awukwazi ukungena amanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho amahlumela ayobola futhi afe. Ama-Cyclamens aphethwe njalo nge-infusion ye-mullein (1:20) noma umanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali (1 g ngalinye ilitha). Emoyeni ashisa kakhulu, izithombo zifakwe izikhathi ezintathu kuya kwezi-4 ngosuku nge-syringe noma i-spray, umthunzi ngezinto zokumboza, nomoya. NgoSeptemba, izithombo zilethwa egumbini futhi zihanjelwe ibanga elide (5 kuya ku-6 cm), ngalesi sikhathi kufanele zithole amaqabunga amahlanu kuya kwangu-6. Amathebula anezimbewu angafakwa eshalofini elisenqanyelwe eduze kwamafasitela ewindi. Ebusika bakhululekile kakhulu ekushiseni kwama-+10 - +12 degrees. Ihlanganiswe kahle.
Izinyanga ezingu-3-4 emva kokuqoqa kwesibili, izitshalo zifakelwa zibe izimbiza ezine-9 cm zibe yingxube ye-peat, i-leaf land, i-humus, isihlabathi (2: 1: 1: 1), ukufaka isikhala esingenakulinganiswa ngokuphelele, kodwa kuphela ukuphakama kwe-2/3 kuphela. Ama-Cyclamens akhule kakhulu emiphakathini ephansi (isilinganiso sobude kuya ububanzi 0.6: 1). Ehlobo, izimbiza ezine-cyclamen encane kufanele zifakwe ku-greenhouse. Ukuguqulwa kokugcina, emabhokisini anesisindo esingu-15 - 17 cm, kwenziwa ngoJulayi, ukulahla i-tuber ngesigamu. Ekuqaleni ukukhulula i-tuber emhlabathini, ngokushesha kuzokhula lignified futhi ikhule. Uma ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele umhlaba, izobola. Ehlobo, ama-cyclamens adliwe ngokukhipha imfucumfucu (1:10) noma umanyolo ogcwele amaminerali (3 - 5 g ngalinye ilitha) njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili.
Ukunakekela ama-cyclamens ekwindla
Ngo-Agasti, qala ukuthukuthelisa izimbali zendawo zangaphandle, ngaphandle kokuvala i-hotbed ngisho nasebusuku. Amazinga okushisa aphansi kanye namazolo amasa aqinisa isiqu ne-tuber. Ukufafaza kwezitshalo akusekho okwenziwayo: i-tuber ingabola. Susa amaqabunga aphuzi namafihlethi angase avele, futhi amaqabunga aphilile aguqa phansi kwi-tuber yayiselanga. NgoSeptemba-Okthoba (kuye ngokuthi isifunda), ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, i-cyclamen ihanjiswe ekamelweni lokushisa kwama-+10- +12 degrees (ingafakwa phakathi kwamafrimu). Indawo kufanele ibe lula. Yiphuze amanzi ngamadridi angu-12. Amanzi akufanele afinyelele emgodleni we-tuber, ukuze ungawoli. NgoNovemba, i-cyclamen ikhula futhi iqhube izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezingu-2.5.
Izingxenye zempumelelo
Isimo esiyinhloko sokukhula okuphumelelayo kwe-cyclamen yasePheresiya yizinto ezipholile zasebusika (+10 - +15 degrees). Isimo sesibili yisimiso sokunisela. I-Cyclamen ithuliswa kuphela njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba loma ngasemaphethelweni ebhodweni. Yenza lokhu ngobumnene, ngamanzi athambileyo, uzama ukungagcini amafihlethi kanye nephuzu le-stem lapho iphuzu lokukhula likhona khona. Amanzi adingekayo avela epanini anqanyuliwe. Ukubola okuboshiwe kanye nokupheka kususa, ukuxuba i-tuber ngokwayo. Lezi zindawo zifafazwe ngamapayipi amalahle. Phakathi kwezinambuzane ze-cyclamen, ama-aphid nama-cyclamen izibungu ziyingozi. Ukulwa nama-aphid okusetshenziselwa ukukhipha ugwayi (40 g ufulawa ugwayi kanye no-5 amagremu ensipho yokuhlanza ngamanzi 1 litre). Futhi kusuka ku-mite - ukukhipha ama-anyanisi ahlutshiwe (20 g ngalinye nge-1 litre, ukugxilisa izinsuku ezingu-2).
Ukunakekela ama-cyclamens ngemuva kokuchichima
Ngemuva kokuzimbali, ukuchelela kancane kancane kuncishisiwe, kodwa akusiyeki. NgoJuni, lapho amaqabunga emile, izimbiza ezinezitshalo zifakwa emgqonyeni endaweni epholile. Ngo-Agasti, lapho i-tuber ikhipha amahlumela okuqala, ifakwe embizeni yomhlaba omusha (iqabunga lomhlaba, i-humus, i-peat nesihlabathi 3: 1: 1: 1) ngokufaka izingcezu zamalahle. Lapho ukufakelwa kunqunywa izimpande ezibolile, yenza amanzi ahlanzekile, izilimo eziyizigaxa zingcwatshwa ku-2/3 ukuphakama. Ukutshala okunjalo kuvimbela iphuzu lokukhula kusuka ekutheni futhi kushukumisa ukufakwa kwemifino. Ukunakekelwa kwezimbali zase-cyclamen zangaphakathi kubalulekile. Uma ulandela zonke izincomo, lezi zimbali zizojabulisa isikhathi eside futhi zide.