Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine
Namuhla emhlabeni abantu abangaphezu kuka-1.5 billion bahlala ezimweni zokuntuleka kwe-iodine. Izigidi ezingu-655 zine-goiter engapheli. Izigidi ezingama-43 - ukuphuza kwengqondo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-iodine. Inkinga yokuntuleka kwe-iodine ngokuqinisekile akufanele kithi. Thina cishe yonke indawo sinokuntuleka kwe-iod emhlabathini nasemanzini. Akwanele ekudleni kwendawo. Kukhona ukusabalala okubanzi kwe-goiter, okwakuyiminyaka eminingi kuthathwa njengokwethenjelwa kokuntuleka kwe-iodine. Ucwaningo lwesayensi olwenziwe emazweni amaningi e-Commonwealth, lwalubonisa ukuthi abantu abanesifo se-iodine banesibindi esilinganiselwe.
Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine kunethonya elibi empilweni yabantu. Izingane, intsha, abakhulelwe nabesifazane abakhulelwe bayathinteka ikakhulukazi. Izifo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-iodine akuphazamisi nje isakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi we-gland yegciwane. Kodwa zingabangela nokuphulwa komsebenzi wezocansi, ukwakheka kwe-anomalies yokuzalwa okungezansi, ukukhula kokufa komuntu ngamunye kanye nokufa kwengane, ukwehliswa okukhulu ekuthuthukeni kwengqondo nokusebenza kwezizwe zonke. Umbuzo uvela - kungani emzimbeni womuntu kunokwaneleka kwe-iodine okumele kubonwe? Isizathu esiyinhloko ukutholakala okungenele ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphansi kokudla namanzi. Kodwa kunezinye izizathu:
• ukwephulwa kwe-iodine ukungena ematheni emathunjini;
• ukwephulwa kwezinqubo ze-iodine ukufaniswa kwegciwane le-thyroid, ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo ku-biosynthesis yamahomoni wegciwane;
• Ukuntuleka kwemvelo kanye nemikhiqizo yokudla yezinhlamvu eziningana. Okubaluleke nakakhulu ukuntuleka kwe-selenium, i-zinc, i-bromine, ithusi, i-cobalt, i-molybdenum. Futhi futhi ngokweqile kwe-calcium, i-fluorine, i-chromium, i-manganese;
• Ukuba khona emvelweni wezinto "zobogenic" ezingathinta isimo segciwane le-thyroid.
Cabanga ngakho! Okuqukethwe kwe-iodine emzimbeni womuntu ezindaweni eziningi zamazwe ethu akudluli ku-15-20 mg. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, isidingo sosuku nsuku zonke sisuka ku-100 kuya ku-200 μg. Kodwa-ke, ikakhulukazi ukudla okune-iodine okudliwayo futhi kuthatha imithi equkethe i-iodine futhi ayifanele. I-surplus ye-iodine iyingozi njengokuntuleka kwayo. Ukungenisa ngokweqile kungu-1000 nangaphezulu mcg / ngosuku.
Imiphumela yokuntuleka kwe-iodine kwempilo yabantu
Isizathu esiyinhloko sezifo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-iodine ukungenwa ngokwanele kwe-iodine kusuka emvelweni kuya emzimbeni wesintu nesilwane. I-iodine iyi-microelement ebaluleke kakhulu kubantu. Kuyinto engokomthetho yama-molecule we-hormone yegciwane - thyroxine ne-triiodothyronine. Kusukela ekudleni kuya emathanjeni omuntu wesisu, i-iodine iza ngesimo se-iodide ephilayo, ephethe igazi, engena ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene kanye nezicubu futhi iqoqa igciwane le-thyroid. Lapha, kufika ku-80% we-iodine equkethe umzimba. Nsuku zonke, i-gland yegciwane ifihla u-90-110 μg we-thyroxine hormone no-5-10 μg we-triiodothyronine. Lawa mahomoni ahileleke ezinkambisweni eziningi zemithi eziqinisekisa umsebenzi obalulekile womzimba womuntu. Zibuye zikuvumele ukuba uzivumelanise ngokushesha nokudla okuncane kwe-iodine emvelweni. Kodwa ngokuntuleka kwe-iodine okungapheli kukhona ukwephulwa kwezinqubo zokuzivumelanisa, i-synthesis yama-hormone iyancipha futhi i-pathologies ehlukahlukene ikhula emzimbeni.
Umthelela obalulekile ekwakheni ukuntuleka kwe-iodine kubangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-selenium emzimbeni. I-Selenium nayo iphansi emhlabathini wethu, ngakho-ke ekudleni kwemvelo. Kubonakala ukuthi uma inhlanganisela ye-iodine ne-selenium ikhona ukungalingani kwama-hormone. Kukhona ukuhlukumeza kwe-hypothyroidism. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntuleka kwe-selenium kwenza kube necrotic, izinguquko ze-fibrotic ku-gland yegciwane.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-goiter kukhuthazwa nemithi ethile: i-sulfonamide, inqwaba yama-antibiotic. Futhi nezitshalo zomndeni wesiphambano: i-turnips ephuzi, imbewu yeklabishi, ummbila, ama-bamboo amahlumela, amazambane kanye nabanye. I-Flavonoids yizinhlanganisela eziqinile ezitholakala ezithelo eziningi, imifino, okusanhlamvu: i-millet, ubhontshisi, amantongomane. Ama-derivatives e-Phenol, asetshenziswa kabanzi kwezolimo njengezinambuzane nezinambuzane. Izinto ezinobuthi eziqukethwe kumusi wokubhema, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi embonini yamalahle.
Ezimweni zokuntuleka kwe-iodine okungapheli, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone ye-thyroid eyinhloko ne-triiodothyronine yehla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvimbela i-hormone ye-thyrotropic kusebenze, umsebenzi wokugqugquzela i-biosynthesis yama-hormone ayisisekelo. Ukwandisa i-hormone ye-thyroid ekhuthaza ukukhuphuka kwegciwane le-thyroid. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa i-goiter, okwakuyiminyaka eminingi ithathwa njengomtholampilo olingana nokuntuleka kwe-iodine. Njengoba ubona, imiphumela yokuntuleka kwe-iodine ngempilo yabantu iyadabukisa kakhulu.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuntuleka kwe-iodine
Njengoba kunikezwe ukukhukhuka kwezifo ezibangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-iodine kanye nomthelela omubi kakhulu empilweni, ikakhulukazi izingane, intsha kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe, umphakathi womhlaba wawunomsebenzi wokuqeda ukukhubazeka kwe-iodine emhlabeni. Emazweni amaningi, uhlelo lwezombuso lokuqeda ukuntuleka kwe-iodine luye lwasungulwa. Isisekelo salolu hlelo, ukuhlinzekela i-mass prophylaxis, sisekelwe emaqinisweni awaziwayo omphumela omuhle wasawoti e-iodidi. Ikhomishana Yomhlaba Wonke Ekufundweni Kwezinkinga Zokuntuleka Kwe-iodine I-ICCIDD yakhuthaza le ndlela yokuvimbela njengendlela efanele kakhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kosawoti e-iodidi kuyisilinganiso esiyinhloko sokuvimbela ukuntuleka kwe-iodine. Kakade kakade izitshalo eziningi zikasawoti zikhiqiza isamba esanele sokasawoti oluhle kakhulu olungenayo i-inthanethi olufaka inethiwekhi yokuthengisa. Usawoti odicilelwe phansi usetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokudlela zokuphakela komphakathi nasekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo eqediwe: isinkwa, isoseji, i-confectionery. Isicelo salo ekwakhiweni kokudla kwezingane sekuqalile.
Ukuqapha ukusebenza kwemisebenzi eqhubekayo, isistimu yokuqapha okuhlanzekile kanye nokwelashwa iye yasungulwa. Izinhlangano zokulawula ezenhlanzeko nezokuphepha zihlale ziqapha okuqukethwe kwe-iodine kasawoti emabhizinisini embonini yokudla, ezisekelweni, ezitolo, ezindaweni zokudla eziphakathini, ezinkulisa kanye nasezikoleni, nasezikhungweni zezokwelapha nezokuvikela. Okuqukethwe kwe-iodine ezindaweni zokudla zesakhamuzi nakho kuhlolwe.
Kungani usawoti odidiyelwe?
• Usawoti yiyona kuphela imaminerali eyongezwa ekudleni ngaphandle kokwelashwa okhethekile kwamakhemikhali;
• Usawoti usetshenziswa yizo zonke izingxenye zomphakathi kungakhathaliseki isimo sezenhlalo nezomnotho;
• Ukusetshenziswa kasawoti kuyashintsha ngendlela elula (5-15 g ngosuku) futhi akuxhomeki ngenkathi, iminyaka, ubulili;
• Ngezobuchwephesha zobuchwepheshe be-salt iodization, akunakwenzeka ukudlula i-iodine futhi ngaleyo ndlela kubangele noma yiziphi izinkinga;
• usawoti odicilelwe ididithi awuthengi futhi uyatholakala kubo bonke abantu.
Indlela yokugcina nokusebenzisa usawoti idididi
• Usawoti odidiziwe uyagcina izakhi zawo zokwelapha izinyanga ezingu-3-4. Ngakho-ke, uma uthenga usawoti, qiniseka ukuthi ubuka usuku lomkhiqizo walo.
• i-iodine igxuma kasawoti uma igcinwe ngokungalungile (ezikhungweni ezivulekile, emswakama ophezulu). Kusho ukuthi ekhaya iphakheji ngosawoti kufanele igalelwe ngokushesha embizeni ngesembozo esinyene futhi ilahlwe ngamabhodwe abilayo. Uma usawoti usawohloka emasimini, kuyiqiniso, kungenzeka ukuthi uyisebenzise. Kodwa lokhu ngeke kube ngosawoti e-iodidi, kepha kuvamile.
• Ngokushisa, nokubilisa okuningi komkhiqizo, i-iodine evela kasawoti izothuthukisa. Ngakho-ke, usawoti isidlo esinothe usawoti iodidiki ngaphambi kokukhonza.
• Akunconywa ukusebenzisa usawoti odidayo uma ukhetha ukhukhamba, iklabishi, amakhowe. Ama-Pickles angafaka futhi athole ukunambitheka okubabayo.
Yimiphi imiphumela yomsebenzi oqhubekayo wokuqeda ukuntuleka kwe-iodine? Imiphumela yokuqapha kwezokwelapha kubonisa ukuthi kunezinto ezinamandla zokunikezwa kwe-iodine. Ucwaningo lusekelwe kwizifundo kusukela ngo-1999 kuya ku-2007. Ezindaweni lapho usawoti odidayo osebenza khona usebenza khona, ukutholakala kwamakhemikhali e-iodine kwanda ngokwesilinganiso kusuka ku 47 μg / l ngo-1999 kuya ku-174 μg / l ngo-2007. Futhi lokhu kuvumelana nezincomo ze-World Health Organization.
Iodide ye-Potassium
Ngakho kuthiwani "konke okulula kakhulu - impilo, ingqondo nokukhula"? Ngokusho kochwepheshe, amagremu angu-6 ewosawoti e-iodized quality aqukethe isidingo se-iodine nsuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo cishe kusombulula inkinga. Kodwa-ke, amaqembu asengozini (izingane, intsha, abakhulelwe nabesifazane abakhulelwe) badinga ukwanda kwama-iodine. Bakhuthazwa ukuba ngaphezu kwalokho badle ukudla okwenziwe i-iodine. Futhi futhi amalungiselelo e-iodide ye-potassium. I-iodide ye-potassium iyisilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokuvimbela ukuntuleka kwe-iodine. Kunezincomo zeqembu lezobuchwepheshe ze-WHO ne-UNICEF yokusetshenziswa kwe-iodide ye-potassium ngezigaba ezahlukene zabantu:
• Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili yobudala - okungenani okungenani 90 μg / ngosuku; izinga elifanele le-iodine lokudla - 180 mcg / ngosuku.
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe - okungenani 250 μg / ngosuku; Izinga elifanele lokudla iododa liyi-500 mcg / ngosuku.
• Abesifazane ababeletha - okungenani ama-250 mcg / ngosuku; Izinga elifanele lokudla iododa liyi-500 mcg / ngosuku.
Kodwa-ke, ungathembi lokuthi ngemuva kokuthatha iodide ye-potassium noma ukusebenzisa ukudla okucebile, izingane zizokhula ngokushesha futhi zihlakaniphe. Iphuzu eliphelele aliyona iodini kuphela. Uma ingane yakho inenkinga yokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo, iyalandela ngemuva kontanga yakhe ekukhuleni, futhi ekufundeni "azikho izinkanyezi ezanele ezivela esibhakabhakeni" -kudingekile ukuvuma: ukungabi khona kwe-iodine lapha kungukusola okungenani. Kunamanye nje, izizathu ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Izinga lokuntuleka kwe-iodine manje lingalinganiselwa ukuthi lilinganiselwe noma lingenamkhawulo. Ngakho-ke, usebenzisa amalungiselelo e-potassium iodide (kuhle ukubonana nodokotela kusengaphambili), awudingi ukuwafaka nge-vitamin complexes ene-iodine. Noma, ngesikhathi esifanayo, sincike ekudleni okuqinisekisiwe nge-iodine. Uma lemikhiqizo isetshenziswa ngokungavamile, ingabhekwa njengengxenye eyengeziwe uma usebenzisa usawoti odidayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yemvelo eline-iodine (olwandle olwandle, izinhlanzi zasolwandle, ama-persimmon, amaqanda, ama-walnuts) okwamanje akubhekwa njengendlela enhle yokuvimbela. Iqiniso liwukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-iodine kuzo kuhluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi yiziphi ezihlukahlukene, izimo zokulima nokugcina. Okusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ngokunembile ukugeleza kwe-iodine emzimbeni.
Siye sahlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi i-iodine isweleka, imiphumela yezempilo yabantu, izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Okuwusizo kakhulu lezi zeluleko zabahlali bamadolobha amakhulu nezindawo ezinesimweni esingavumelekile esingokwemvelo. Kuzakhamuzi zezindawo ezingcoliswa yimisebe nje kubalulekile ukusebenzisa usawoti e-iodized, iodide ye-potassium kanye nemikhiqizo eline iodine.