Izimbali zesitshalo zinemibala ehlukahlukene - kusukela emhlophe kuya emnyama. I-Perianth ingaba yi-tubular, i-cylindrical noma i-barrel. Iqukethe amaqabunga ayisithupha ahlanganisiwe, emaphethelweni awo aphethwe kancane. Izimbali ziqoqwe ebhulashini le-inflorescence (ubude obuyi-2-8 cm), elisezingeni eliphezulu lesitshalo futhi libe nephunga elimnandi. Ama-stamens ayisithupha, ahlanganiswe ne-perianth, ahlelwe emigqeni engu-2. I-Pestle ine-ovary enezintathu ezintathu, ikholomu emifushane efana nentambo kanye nenhlamba emithathu. Izithelo - ibhokisi.
Igama layo yizimbali ezinama-muscari, ukunakekelwa okuchazwa ngezansi, ezitholwa ngenhla ethile yezimbali, ezifana nephunga le-musk. Zakhula ema-steppes, ikakhulukazi emithambekeni evulekile yezintaba, emaphethelweni nasemadlelweni e-alpine. Isakazwa ezindaweni ezihlala emazweni aseMediterranean naseMedithera aseYurophu, eNyakatho Afrika, e-Asia. I-genus ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-60, ezingaba ngu-20 zazo ezikhula emazweni ase-USSR yangaphambili.
Eziningi zezilwane zihlobisa, ngenxa ye-inflorescences yazo ekhanyayo nephunga elimnandi.
Izinhlobo
Uhlobo oluthandwa kakhulu emazweni asehlobo lwezitshalo zezimbali yi-Muscari Armenian (Latin Muscari armeniacum), noma i-Muskari Colchic (iLatin M. colchicum). Lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ukuphakama kwama-13-20 cm. Amaqabunga awo ahlotshiswe ibhande, amancane, enza i-rosette rosette. Izimbali ezincane ziyi-barrel, ezimnandi kakhulu. Kungaba umbala omhlophe, obuluhlaza noma obomvu, oqoqwe ebhulashini ye-inflorescence, ngezinye izikhathi ube nokubonakala kwebhola phezulu kwe-peduncle. I-spike yembali inamandla kakhulu, ingafinyelela ubude obuyi-20 cm. Izimbali zomzimba zibonakala ngoMeyi-Juni ngezinsuku ezingu-20-25. Emvelweni, lezi zinhlobo zikhula emathafeni eTranscaucasia nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeTurkey.
I-Muscaria ihlotshaniswa (Latin M. botryoides). I-inflorescences yalezi zinhlobo ziyimibhoshongo, amazinyo amhlophe nama-purple hue. I-Peduncles ayikho phezulu njenge-Muskari Armenian, ephakeme ngamasentimitha angu-12. Amafomu amabili aseMuscari egadile ajwayelekile: f. i-albhamu no-f. i-carneum, ehlukile imibala emhlophe nebomvu yezimbali, ngokulandelana. Emvelweni, lezi zinhlobo zikhula eNingizimu neYurophu Ephakathi; ikhetha imifula nezintabeni zezintaba.
I-muscular i-racemose (i-Latin M. racemosum). Lezi zinhlobo zibhekene namaqabunga amancane amancane, i-peduncle ephansi (9-12 cm), ubude bezinsuku ezingu-20-30. Izimbali zinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma embala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Esimweni, lezi zinhlobo zivame eCrimea, ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeRussia yaseYurophu, i-Western Transcaucasia, iMedithera neYurophu Ephakathi.
I-Muscari crested (i-Latin M. comosum). Uhlobo oluthile lwe-muscari olune-multi-flowered, brush okuxekethile. Izimbali zinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngokwemvelo, lesi sitshalo sikhula eNyakatho Afrika, eNingizimu-Ntshonalanga ye-Asia naseningizimu Yurophu.
Flowers Muscari: ukunakekelwa
Ukukhanyisa. Izimbali ze-Muscari zikhula kahle kokubili elangeni nase-penumbra. Abanenhlonipho, ngakho-ke akunzima ukubanakekela. Ubusika-obuqinile, kodwa ungabekezeli izindawo eziphansi, ngoba lesi sitshalo asithandi ukujula kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Emhlabatsini kukhona ukuhlaziywa, kodwa, ngokubunjwa okuhle kwenhlabathi, ama-bulb kanye ne-inflorescences enamandla ngokwanele ukwakha ukugqoka okuphezulu. I-Muscari ikhetha imifino ephilayo. Isibonelo, kutuswa ukwenza umquba nama-humus emhlabathini ngenkathi ubamba ekubalweni kwe-5 kg nge-1m2. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, i-muscari idinga umswakama obuningi, futhi ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ngokuphambene nalokho, kunikelwa umoya omile.
Ukukhiqiza. Lezi zimbali zizala nge-anyanisi. Kufanele itshalwe endaweni ejulile ye-7-8 cm futhi ibangeni elingu-10 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ukufakelwa kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5-7 kuphela. Uma kwenzeka ukhiqizwa imbewu, kufanele kuhlwanyelwe ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna, ngaphandle kwalokho ngokushesha balahlekelwa ukuhluma. Imbewu yincane, ibomnyama, iyindilinga, ibomile. Qaphela ukuthi i-muscari yanda ngokuphumelela ukuhlwanyela. Ngonyaka wesithathu kuphela izithombo zizoqhakaza.
I-Muscari isetshenziselwa kabanzi njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa, ukuhlobisa ngemicwangu, ama-curbs namagquma ase-alpine. Ngokuvamile batshalwe ngamapheshana amakhulu.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuphoqelela. Ukuze i-distillation, i-Muskari Armenian isetshenziselwa, ngezinye izikhathi i-Muscari iyi-grove-shape and broad-leaved. Ubukhulu bombulunga obamukelekayo eceleni kwesigcawu bungaba ngu-6 cm. Izinto zokutshala zigcinwa ngo-20-25 ° C, kusukela ngo-Okthoba, izinga lokushisa liyancipha libe yi-17 ° C. Igumbi elifanele umoya kufanele lisetshenziswe. Lezi zinto kufanele zifakwe i-disinfected ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukutshala kunconywa enhlabathini emanzi, kodwa ehlutshiwe emigameni elandelayo: ekupheleni kukaSepthemba-Novemba. I-acidity yenhlabathi kumele ingathathi hlangothi. Emva kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuthi uchithe kahle indaba bese uyigcina kumswakama olinganiselayo. Umbuso wokushisa: 9 0 C amasonto amahlanu ngokuqothula, 5 0 C amaviki angu-11-12. Uma kudingekile ukuhlehlisa isikhathi sokuqothula, ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa libe yi-1-2 0 C. I-muscari ihluma amasonto amathathu emva kokushisa sekukhuphukele ku-13-15 ° C.