Ukwazi izibonakaliso ezivamile zokuphulwa okunjalo kuyasiza abazali ukuba bakwazi ukuqhathanisa ukubonwa kwabo, khuluma nodokotela ngesikhathi sokubonisana, uthathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela. Iziphi izifo zezinzwa nokukhathazeka okwenzeka ezinganeni, thola kusihloko esithi "Izimpawu zezifo zezinzwa ezinganeni."
Ukukhanda ikhanda ezinganeni ezinezinkinga ze-neurological
Izinwele zomzimba ziyi-malaise engapheli, zihlala endaweni yesibili ezinganeni ngokweqile ngemuva kokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Kodwa ikhanda akufanele libhekwe njengempawu kuphela, ngoba izimbangela zalo zingaba zihlukile - ezivela ezifweni zeso, isibonelo, ezingabonakaliswa ukuthi zibukeka kahle, zibe nezicubu ezinobuchopho eziyingozi. I-Migraine ifanele ukunakwa okukhethekile, ijwayele kakhulu ezinganeni nasebancane.
Izinhlobo zamakhanda
1. Izinhloko eziyinhloko: ngokuvamile ezibangelwa ukungezwani kwemisipha, ukunwetshwa kwemithambo yegazi, njll. Izinsizwa ezinjalo zihlanganisa: - I-Migraines. Zingenzeka ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-5-8, ngokuvamile emindenini lapho kukhona kakade izingane ezine-migraines. Amanye amantombazane anemigraines ehambisana nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Naphezu kokuthi izimpawu ze-migraines kuzo zonke izingane zihlukile, okujwayelekile kakhulu kungacatshangwa:
- Ubuhlungu kunhlangothi eyodwa noma zombili zekhanda. Ezinganeni ezincane, ikhanda lonke livame ukulimaza. Ubuhlungu bungadlulisa noma buqhubeke (nakuba izingane ezincane zingavamile ukuchaza ukuthi ikhanda labo libuhlungu kanjani).
- Ubuzwe obukhulu bokukhanya nokuzwakala.
- Ukudabuka, ukuhlanza, noma kokubili.
- Ubuhlungu esiswini.
- Ukuphunga.
- Ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa kwe-migraine, ezinye izingane zibona ukungaqondi kahle: ngaphambi kokuthi amehlo abo avele amabala amnandi, insimu yombono ishintsha, iphunga elingavamile lizwakala.
- Izinsizwa ezibangelwa ukucindezeleka nezinkinga ze-neurologic yizinhlobo ezijwayelekile kakhulu zezinsizwa. Izimpawu ezinganeni zihluke, okujwayelekile kuzo zilandelayo:
- Ubuhlungu buthakathaka kancane kancane.
- Ubuhlungu ngokuvamile buhlala ezindaweni zombili zekhanda.
- Ubuhlungu bubuhlungu, njengokungathi i-hula hoop eqinile ibeke ekhanda lakho, noma igxile entanyeni noma entanyeni.
- Ubuhlungu obuvela kumnene kuya ekumodeni, kodwa hhayi obukhulu.
- Ukuphulwa kokulala.
- Ukungabi nesicanucanu, ukuhlanza nokuzwela okubuhlungu ekukhanyeni.
- Amakhanda e-cyclic: ngokuvamile abhekwe ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10, ikakhulukazi kubafana abasha. Ubuhlungu obunjalo bungabuyekezwa amasonto noma ngisho nezinyanga, imijikelezo iphindwe emva kweminyaka engu-1 -2. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu:
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu ohlangothini olulodwa lwekhanda, ngokuvamile luzungeze iso. Ijwabu leso lingase lihle, lize lishaye futhi livuke, abafundi bahlanjululwe.
- Iphunga le-Stuffy noma ukukhishwa kusuka ekhaleni.
- Ukuguqa ebunzini.
2. Inkhanda yesibili: lokhu kuyilu hlobo oluvame kakhulu, ngokuvamile olubangelwa imbangela ye-cerebral organic, ehambisana nezifo ezakhiwe noma ezisebenzayo ezidinga ukubonakala. Ukuqaphela ubuhlungu obunjalo kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ukwelashwa akuqondisi nje ubuhlungu ngokwayo, kodwa futhi kubangelwa imbangela eyabangela, okungaba yingozi yokuphila.
I-Meningitis enezinkinga ze-neurological
Izitho zesimiso sezinzwa, ubuchopho nentambo yomgogodla, zimbozwe izinambuzane ezithambile. Lezi zigobolondo azigcini nje kuphela ukufeza imisebenzi yazo, kodwa futhi ziyisivimbela ngokumelene nokungena kwe-toxins nama-microorganisms. Uma izinambuzane zinqoba le nkinga, i-meningitis iqala - leli gama libhekisela kuzo zonke izifo ezivuthayo ezithinta izinambuzane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyini imbangela, nakuba zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-acute infectious, noma ibhaktheriya, i-meningitis. Isizathu esivame kakhulu ukutheleleka ngeHaemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib) noma i-Neisseria meningitidis (amaqembu A, B, C, Y, W-135). I-meningitis ye-viral origin (aseptic) ivame ukubonwa ezinganeni futhi ibhekwa njengengozi kakhulu kunebhaktheriya. Amagciwane ajwayelekile angena emzimbeni emlonyeni, aphindwe emzimbeni futhi adutshulwe kanye namazinyo. Uma izandla zingcolile, igciwane liyasakazeka (le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-fecal-oral transmission mechanism). Ngakho-ke, igciwane lingakwazi ukuqhubeka lisakazeka kuwo wonke amasonto emva kokutheleleka.
Izimpawu ezivamile kunazo zonke ze-meningitis:
- Ukushisa.
- Amakhanda.
- Intamo yentamo.
- Ukungqubuzana kwe-Nasal.
- Ukuvota.
- Ukuzwela okubuhlungu ekukhanyeni.
Izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthuthukiswa kanzima kwesifo:
- Ukulala nokukhathala okukhulu.
- Ukushisa kwesitho.
- Ukudumala.
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu bomzimba.
- Uhudo lwe-Episodic.
- Ukuphefumula okusheshayo.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Sebenzisa amathrekhi ukuze ungathwali ukutheleleka, vala lapho ukugcoba noma ukukhwehlela kwesiguli nge-meningitis. Wonke umuntu okhathalela isiguli kufanele axoxe nodokotela mayelana nokwelashwa okuvimbela ngama-antibiotics. Ukugonywa. Izingane ezinezinkinga zokuzivikela noma isifo esiwumshayabhuqe (ezingaphezu kuka-10 amacala abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu) zingagonywa ngokumelene ne-agent causative Neisseria meningitidis (amaqembu A, B, C, Y, W-135). Kukhona nemithi yokulwa neHaemophilus influenzae kanye namanye amabhaktheriya abangela i-meningitis. Ukwelashwa kuxhomeke kunjani uhlobo lwezincane ezincane ezibangelwa i-meningitis, kodwa njalo luqhutshwa unomphela. Ukwelashwa okwenziwe nge-meningitis ye-viral akukhona, kodwa ngokuvamile ukubikezelwa kwesimo kuhle. Udokotela uzocabangela imbangela yalesi sifo futhi anikeze ama-antibiotic afanele kakhulu, kanye nokuncoma izinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokubuyisela.
I-Reye's syndrome
I-Reye's syndrome ukuvuvukala kwengqondo (isibindi) nesibindi, kuhambisane nokushisa okukhulu futhi kubangelwe ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma inkukhu inzalo ezinganeni ezithola i-acetylsalicylic acid (i-aspirin). I-Reye's syndrome ayitholakali kuzo zonke izingane ezinalezo zokwelapha, kodwa ngakho kungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi i-Reye's syndrome ikhule ngezikhathi ezingu-30. Ezinganeni zanoma yikuphi ubudala, i-Reye's syndrome ivame ukuveza isonto elilodwa ngemuva komkhuhlane, inkukhu yenkukhu noma ukutheleleka okuphezulu kokuphefumula. Kungenziwa ukuhambisana nokuhlanza, ukuguquka kokuziphatha, ukuthakazelisa okukhulu, ukudonsa, ukulala, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo somzimba kanye nokuqonda, ngokushesha kuholele ekudumeni nase-coma, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kufe. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokunamandla ngokweqile, ngaphansi kwezimo ezimile. Iqukethe ukuqokwa kwe-serum nge-salts kanye ne-glucose, kanye ne-cortisone ukuze kunciphise ukuvuvukala kwe-cerebral. Naphezu kwalokhu, ngokuvamile kuvame ukuba aqaphele ukuphefumula: kwezinye izimo, izingane zidinga ukuphefumula okufakelwayo. Ama-80% wezingane alulame kalula kusuka e-syndrome, kodwa kwabanye ukubikezela akubi kakhulu.
I-Poliomyelitis
Lesi sifo sibangele igciwane (uhlobo lwe-poliovirus I, II no-III) oluthinta izimpondo zangaphakathi zomgogodla, amaphuzu okuqala ezitimela ezibhekene nokudlulisela umfutho we-cerebral kumisipha, ngaleyo ndlela ivuselela ukusabela kwabo. Uma lezi zimfutho zomshuwalense zivinjelwe, amadivaysi engamamethi ayitholi ukuvuselela, ayisebenzi, atrophies futhi awela. Manje siyazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu zezifo zezinzwa ezinganeni.