Ngokwesibonelo, emazweni anomkhuba wendabuko wokuphuza - eFrance, e-Italy naseSpain - abantu abaningi baphuza ingilazi yewayini nsuku zonke ukuze badle ukudla. Ukuthembela kwakha. Uma umuntu engadlili ingilazi yobusuku, uzokuzwa kabi, uzothola okuthile, futhi uzozama ukukhokhela lesi siphambeko, isibonelo kubha. Kule nkinga, akuyona i-cirrhosis yesibindi, noma, njengoba sisho, "ukuziphatha okungafani nabantu." Into eyinhloko akulona ukuxhomeka, njengoba kunjalo, kodwa izinkinga ezibangelwa yiyo. Phakathi kokuthembela kanye nemiphumela emibi - ukuxhumana akuqondile. Ngakho-ke, imithi yesimanje yamukela iphuzu elinjalo: ukulutha umlutha akusona imbangela yokukhathazeka. Usizo liyadingeka uma kunomthelela omubi empilweni nasezingeni eliphezulu lokuphila. " Izinhlobo zokuxhomeka, izibonakaliso zokuziphatha okuthembekile - isihloko sesihloko.
Umgomo weqiniso
Injabulo yizwi elibalulekile elihlanganisa abantu abajwayele izinhlobo ezahlukene zokulutha. Abanye bayakwazi ukumelana nokufisa kwabo injabulo, abanye abakwenzi. "Uhlamvu olubi" luchazwa izizathu ezingokwengqondo nezokwenyama. UFrud wafaka imibono "yezimiso zokuzijabulisa" kanye "nesimiso sokuthi" ngokoqobo engqondweni. Ngokwemigomo yenjabulo, impilo yomntwana yakhiwe: ufuna ukuthola konke ngesikhathi esisodwa - ukudla, amathoyizi, ukunakekelwa komama - futhi uma kungenjalo, uyakhala ngendlela ephukile. Ukukhula, umuntu uhlanganisa, uhlanganisa imithetho yokuziphatha, udala uhlelo lwangaphakathi lokuvimbela. Ngaphambi kokwenza noma ukuthatha lokho esikufunayo, sicabanga ngemiphumela. Abantu abanomlutha wokuthembela balawulwa yindlela encane: abakwazi ukuziphika injabulo, noma bazi ngemiphumela engathandeki. Owesifazane uchitha wonke umholo wakhe ezembathweni ezibizayo, bese umndeni uhlala inyanga ku-pasta. Umuntu emva komsebenzi uya kwi-Internet club futhi udlala "abadubula" amahora amaningi, nakuba umkakhe umlindele ekhaya, futhi cishe kuyoba yinto ehlazolayo. Kungani benza lokhu? Ngokusobala, izici eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi zidlala indima: izakhi zofuzo, ukukhuliswa, ubuchopho be-biochemistry. Abanye abantu bayamelana nokuhlukumeza, ubuhlungu, ukuhlupheka kunabanye. Omunye wesaba udokotela wamazinyo kuze kube yilapho elahlekelwa isigamu samazinyo. Omunye uyakwazi ukuzitshela ukuthi: "Uma ngingama kancane manje, kuyodingeka ngibekezelele ubuhlungu obuningi." Umuntu akakwazi ukuma ngaphandle kukagwayi nosuku, omunye enquma ukuyeka, ubeka iphakethe etafuleni futhi angaphinda aphume ugwayi owodwa. Omunye uyakuzonda ukulinda, omunye uhlala elinde ngokuthula. Ukungabonakali kwemvelo, ukungahlanjululwa kwemikhuba yokuqondisa kwengqondo kubangelwa ikakhulu ukungalingani kokuzalwa kwamahomoni nama-neurotransmitters: i-dopamine, i-serotonin, i-adrenaline, i-endorphins. "
Utshwala noNobel
Inani labantu ababhekene nezidakamizwa eziyisisekelo zamakhemikhali (kusuka kotshwala nezidakamizwa) zizinzile kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yezwe, cishe 10-15%. Umuntu othembekile uvuselelwa kalula kusuka kwesinye isinye kuya kwesinye - ukugqilaza izidakamizwa ngokuvamile kuba izidakamizwa, futhi ngokufanayo. Ukuyeka ukubhema, abaningi baqala ukufuna i-candy, ukuhlafuna i-gum noma enye "inkunkuma yokudla". Lo mphumela wachazwa nguFreud, wethula umqondo wokuziphendulela ngomlomo: ingane ithola ukudla ngomlomo nokukhulumisana nomama, futhi uma kukhona ukulungiswa kulesi sigaba sobulili, umuntu uyohlale ejabulela konke okuhlobene nomlomo: ukudla, ugwayi, ingxoxo engapheli. Lezi zithokozo futhi ezithengekayo zingabizi futhi zihlale zikhona. Ngendlela, enye yezinto ezivame ukwedluliswa kwamakhemikhali ezweni liphuma ushukela. Ekuhlolweni kwelabhoratri kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi amagundane akhulisa kancane kancane ingxenye yeshukela ekudleni, ahlale phansi futhi alahlekelwa isithakazelo kunoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi, ikakhulukazi, ucansi. Ishukela elicwengekile yavela eminyakeni engu-500 kuya kwangu-600 eyedlule, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuye kwanda njalo: isiJalimane esidla sinokudla cishe ushukela wezinkulungwane ezingu-34 ngonyaka, i-USA - 78 kg. Futhi lokhu akulona ama-amaswidi nama-buns! Zonke izidakamizwa ezinamakhemikhali zinemiphumela yezifo ezihlukahlukene, kusukela emdlalweni wamaphaphu ukuqeda ukubhujiswa kwesimiso sezinzwa, kanye nemiphumela emibi ngesimo se-HIV, isifo sofuba nesifo sofuba. Bonke "abaqalayo" bayazi kahle lokhu, kodwa bayaqiniseka ukuthi akukho lutho oluzokwenzeka kubo okwenzeka kumakhelwane noma owaziwayo. Kukhona i-anecdote enhle: "Yiliphi iqembu lezenhlalo eliyingozi kunazo zonke mayelana nokudakwa ngokweqile? Impendulo: Abalobi baseMelika bangamajaji aseNobel. " Futhi lokhu kunjalo - izinga eliphezulu lobuhlakani alinakusindisi ekuthembekeni. "
Ukusondela kengozi
Umqondo wokuthi "ukuthembela" uvele emithini yezokwelapha maduzane, ngisho nokudakwa ngokweqile kwachazwa kuphela phakathi nekhulu le-XIX. Gcina ukunakwa kwezidakamizwa kwavela lapho umphakathi uqala ukubonga ukuzimela nokuzimela komuntu ngamunye. Kwase kudlule isikhathi eside ukuphuza ngokweqile kwakubhekwa njengendlela embi, ukungafuni, "ukuziphatha okungafani nabantu." Manje kubonakala ukuthi lesi sifo sobuchopho. Emazweni aphucukile, izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa ziphathwa ngendlela efanayo nangezinye iziguli ezigulayo ezibangelwa indlela yokuphila engalungile (isibonelo, abanesifo sikashukela abazama njalo ukubheka iMcDonald's). Unamalungelo afanayo namanye amalunga omphakathi, kanye nomthwalo ofanayo: bavivinywa ngenxa yobugebengu obunqunu noma ubudlova basekhaya, kodwa hhayi ukuxilongwa. E-USSR, izidakamizwa zathunyelwa ngenkani ku-LTP ngesicelo sabafazi futhi zelashwa ngezokwelapha. Abafazi bangaqondwa. Kunoma yikuphi kithi kukhona okungenani umndeni owodwa ojwayele lapho umyeni ophuze utshwala obuthile impilo yazo zonke izihlobo. Kodwa ukuziphatha komndeni akwanele. Kulabo abashadile, abalingani, izingane nabangane onyaka nonyaka bazama ukulwa nokugula komuntu, kukhona igama elithi "codependence", badinga usizo lwezingqondo. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphuma enkambiswaneni ukuyeka ukuhlambalaza nokwenza isimo: "Noma uphathwa, noma uhlukanisa." Futhi-ke, yiqiniso, isinqumo sami sokufeza. Ukuphuza utshwala nokulutha izidakamizwa akunakwenzeka, kodwa kungavinjelwa futhi kulawulwe. Isibonelo, ngosizo lwemithi yokwelapha: naltrexone nokuphikisa. I-Naltrexone ivimba ama-receipt sensitive kuma-opiates. Isidakamizwa esifanayo sinciphisa ukulangazelela utshwala, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo akusikho i-100%. I-antabuse evamile kakhulu - le nto ingathathwa ngendlela yamathebhulethi, noma "iqokiwe" ngesimo se-capsule ngaphansi kwesikhumba, khona-ke umphumela uzoba isikhathi eside. I-Antabus ivimbela ukushintshwa kotshwala ezingeni lapho utshwala luphenduka i-acetic aldehyde, isisindo esinobuthi esibangela imiphumela eminingi engathandeki: ingcindezi eyengeziwe, i-tachycardia, ukukhala. Uma umuntu ophuza ngokweqile othatha isiphuzo sokuphuza i-vodka, uzogula kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, akusikho konke lokhu okuyeka, ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lezilutha akufuni ukuthatha izidakamizwa, ngakho-ke ukulawula kuyadingeka ezihlotsheni.
Ithebulethi esikhundleni se-prick
Ukwelapha nokunciphisa ukulimala ngokuthatha ama-opiates emazweni amaningi (kufaka phakathi nase-Ukraine), ukusetshenziswa kwelashwa kusetshenziswe. Eziklinikweni zezokwelapha, izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa (methadone noma buprenorphine) zinikezwa isiraphu yezidakamizwa noma ithebhulethi kanye ngosuku ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela. Abanye bayeka kancane kancane ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngokunciphisa kancane kancane umthamo. Kunoma yikuphi, izifundo eziqhutshwa emhlabeni wonke, kufaka phakathi lezo ezihlelwe yi-WHO, zibonisa ukuthi emazweni lapho kusetshenziselwa khona ukwelashwa endaweni, indawo yokulwa nobugebengu kanye nezenhlalakahle ezungeze izidakamizwa iyathuthuka ngokuphawulekayo, futhi ngisho namanani abo emakethe abamnyama awela ngenxa yokuncipha kwesidingo . Into esemqoka ukuthi izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa ziba amalungu avamile emphakathini: ziyasebenza, zelashwa i-HIV nesifo sofuba, zishade futhi zishade, zikhulise izingane. Ngaphezu kokunakekelwa kwezidakamizwa, i-psychotherapy ithandwa kakhulu - ivame ukusetshenziswa ndawonye. Umsebenzi we-psychotherapy ukulungisa umuntu othembekile kwamanye amanani, amsize ukuba aqonde "iqiniso", azifundise ukuthi: "Yebo, ngifuna, manje ngiyakwazi ukuphuza (ngizibambe, ngiyeke, njll), kodwa ngeke ngikwenze, ngoba ... "Okuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye kubasiza kakhulu: ama-25% wamalungu emphakathini wezidakamizwa ezingaziwa angafuni ukuphuza utshwala. Indlela yokwelapha i-psychotherapy inakekelwa ngokuphumelelayo kanye nezinye izidakamizwa ezingekho komkhiqizo (kokudla, i-Inthanethi, ukugembula). Labo abasebenzisa ushokoledi noma ababhemayo ugwayi owodwa ngesonto, i-psychotherapy ngokuvamile ayidingi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi isidingo soshokoleji siyancipha ngokushesha lapho ukuphila kuthuthuka. Ngizothengisa lesi sihloko futhi ngizolahlekelwa isisindo.