Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwegama zijwayelekile, zivele zidinga ukunakekelwa odokotela, kanye nokwesekwa okwelashwa okusebenzayo ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokuzalwa.
Ukuphumelela kwamuva kwezesayensi yezokwelapha kungasindisa izimpilo zezingane ezizalwa ngemva nje kwamasonto angu-22 futhi isisindo sakhe ngemva kokuzalwa singaphezu kwengxenye yekhilogramu. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokuguqulwa kwangaphambili lingaboniswa.
I-degree yokuqala yi-2-2.5 kg ngesikhatsi samaviki angu 35-37.
I-degree yesibili yi-1.5-2 kg ngesonto lama-32-34 amasonto.
I-degree yesithathu yi-1-1.5 kg nesikhathi semasonto angu-29-31.
I-degree yesine ingaphansi kuka-1 kg, isikhathi singaphansi kwamasonto angu-29.
Uhlolo lwezokwelapha lwangaphandle luzosiza ekunqumeni izinga lokungabi nesikhathi sokuqala, kanye nezici nokungahleleki kwemvelo. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, isiphetho senziwa. Izindlela zokubona nokwelashwa kwengane zixhomeke ezingeni le-prematurity.
Izici ze-physiology yezingane ezisencane.
Isimo sangempela sezingane ezingakafiki, kanye nesakhiwo semithambo yazo, sinezici eziningana zezici. Izicubu ezinamafutha angaphansi kwegazi kanye nezikhumba ze-sweat zibuthakathaka, zingathuthuki, ngakho-ke ukushisa komzimba kuphazanyiswa, okungukuthi, izinsana ziyashesha futhi zishisa kakhulu. Izinsana zokuqala zivame ukuba nekhanda elikhulu ngama-fontanelles avulekile namancane. Ngenxa yokungasebenzi ngokwanele kwamaminerali, kunobumnene emathanjeni e-skull, ama-auricles. Umzimba wezingane ezincane ngaphambi kwesikhathi uvame ukumboza izinwele zoboya, okungenjalo ngokuthi "lanungo".
Ngama-nail amapulangwe ayengaphambi kwesikhathi angaphinde athuthukiswe, futhi kubafana ama-testicles ayengenwe phansi ku-scrotum, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi nayo ingathuthuki. Amantombazane angaba namalabi angathuthuki.
Ezinganeni ezingakabiphi, ezibuthakathaka, eziphuthumayo ngokushesha, ngisho nasezindlebeni ezingekho ngokuphelele. Ukusabela ekucindezelweni kwangaphandle kwancipha.
Izinsana zangaphambi kokuqala, phakathi kwezinye izinto, zinesimiso sokuphefumula esingaphansi kokuthuthukiswa, futhi, njengoba umzila wokuphefumula unciphisa, ukuphefumula akunamandla, cishe ukuphefumula kuka-40-50 ngomzuzu. Futhi ukuphefumula kubonakala nge-apnea ngezikhathi ezithile.
Isistimu yezinhliziyo, njengombuso, ezincane ezisanda kuzalwa, ngoba zikhula ngesikhathi sokuqala, kodwa kunomqondo obuthakathaka futhi kwezinye izimo, imisindo enhliziyweni. Izinsana ezingaphambi kwesikhathi zinomfutho wegazi ophansi.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ubheke ukuhamba kancane kwezinqubo ze-metabolic. Iminyango yendlela yokugaya amathumbu ayisakhiwe ngokugcwele, ivolumu yesisu isincane kakhulu, kanti isisu sisendaweni eqondile. Kukhona ukungabi nama-bile acids kanye nama-enzyme we-pancreas, izinambuzane ezimangcwaba zamapheshana okugaya amancane kakhulu futhi zisengozini. Inqubo yokugaya ilukhuni, kunesimo esithile sokuphindaphinda, i-flatulence ne-dysbiosis.
Izinsana zangaphambi kokuhamba zihamba ngokuzulazula, ngezikhathi ezithile, ngokuvamile zikhona ukuzamazama nokugubha.
Izici zokunakekela izingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi
Izinsana ezingaphambi kwesikhathi zidinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Ngokuvamile, uma ubona ukuhlinzekwa kokunakekelwa okunjalo futhi ugcine zonke izinto ezidingekayo zokugcinwa kwengane zingakapheli izinyanga ezingu-2-3, umntwana uguqukela ezweni elikuzungezile, amaphutha amaningi okuthuthukiswa ahlawuliswa.
Izinsana zangaphambi kokuqala ziqukethe, njengomthetho, ku-incubator - i-capsule ekhethekile. Kugcinwa inani elidingekayo le-oxygen, izinga lokushisa, umswakama. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kokuqondiswa okuqinile kodokotela, abhala zonke izinguquko esimweni somntwana. Izimo zokulondoloza ingane ziyahlukahluka ngokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Uma kuqhubeka ngendlela evamile, ingane igcinwe ekamelweni elinombuso wokushisa okuqaphelisisiwe kanye nezinyathelo zangasese zangasese (ukuphuza umoya, ukuhlanza okumanzi, i-quartz).
Uma ingane ibonisa ukujwayela okunembile emvelweni, iyakwazi ukudla okuzimele (i-reflex esondayo ithuthukiswe ngokwanele), ubukhulu bufinyelela esimweni esijwayelekile futhi bunyuke njalo, khona-ke lungasuswa esibhedlela. Kulesi simo, ingane ihlonishwa ochwepheshe bezingane endaweni yokuhlala.
Yini abazali okufanele bayenze ngezingane ezingakafiki?
Izingane ezingakazalwa, njengezingane ezivamile, zidinga uthando, ukukhathazeka nokukhathalela abazali bazo. Abazali, ngaphezu kwalokho, banesimo sabo sengqondo sokufudumala ingane. Ngomntwana, ukuba khona komama, ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakhe kubaluleke kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukubeletha kwengane ngaphambi kwesikhathi "isikhumba esikhumba" nomama kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukondla izingane ezingakabiphi kahle kungenziwa ngokusemthethweni. Ukudla ngewashi akufanele kube, ngoba lokhu kungaba umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu kwengane, ngenxa yobuthakathaka bakhe, ngeke nje aphuze ubisi obanele. Okukhethwa kukho okuhle - ukondla ngezigaba ezincane ngekhefu lamahora angu-2.
Ngaphezu kokuthuthukiswa ngokomzwelo, ingane ibuye idingeke ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba: ukusikwa, ukuvivinya amanzi. Lezi zinqubo zingabhekana nabazali kanye nabachwepheshe abangahle bamenywe ekhaya. Phela, endaweni ejwayelekile, ejwayele futhi ethokomele, lapho umama eseduze, umntwana uzozizwa ekhululekile futhi uzokwazi ukuthola umsebenzi odingekayo.
Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ingane engakafiki isikhathi ihlangana nabangane bakhe abazalwa ngesikhathi. Ingane ngayinye inenqubo ngayinye, kodwa ungasho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi inani lothando nomzwelo luthinta ijubane lentuthuko. Abazali kufanele bathande umntanakho ngendlela ayenjalo, ungamthwali ngomthwalo wemfanelo yabo. Kwenzeka ukuthi izingane ezingakafiki zisheshe zithole ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane ezijwayelekile, lapho abazali ababeka khona okulindelwe kakhulu, bezama ukumenza abe yingcweti.