I-Caladium - izitshalo zihlala njalo. I-caladium inemaqabunga ayisisekelo anomumo ohlotshiswe umcibisholo. Ziyi-variegated, ezinjengenhliziyo, zingaba nezindawo ezinemibala nemidwebo yobukhulu obuhlukene nobubunjwa. Izimbali ziqoqiwe emaqenjini, amancane, kodwa i-caladium ayithandwa ngenxa yezimbali, kodwa ngenxa yesikhala esingavamile samagqabi amakhulu. Ngeshwa, i-Kaladiums isisithokozise ngobuhle bamapheshana okwesikhashana (kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla). I-Kaladium iyisitshalo se-tuberous, futhi ebusika iqala isikhathi sokuphumula. Amahlamvu, omisiwe, awela, futhi isitshalo "silele" kuze kube sehlobo olulandelayo.
Naphezu kokuthi i-caladium iyingxenye yezitshalo zokuhlobisa, izilimo eziyizigaxa zayo nazo zisetshenziselwa kabanzi - ekudleni. Lesi sitshalo sitshalwe emapulazini e-botanical, emakamelweni, emasimini.
Izitshalo zangaphandle i-kaladium kakhulu. Bafuna kakhulu izimo. Ukuze i-caladium ikhule futhi ikhule, kubalulekile ukugcina umbuso oqinile, ngaphandle kwalokho uzofa. Indawo ekahle kuye i-hothouse noma iwindi lembali elivaliwe.
I-Caladium: Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezigidi ze-caladium. Bonke babumbene eqenjini elivamile, elibizwa ngokuthi i-garden kaladiumami (i-S. x hortulanum Birdsey), ngokuyisisekelo, babelwe:
- I-Caldium kaHumboldt;
- I-Caladium emibala emibili;
- I-Caladium yeSchomburg; le nhlobo inezinhlobo eziningana: i-silver-headed K., i-red K., i-venous K.
- C. candidum
- C. i-bicolor
- C. i-humboldtii
I-Caladium: ukunakekelwa
I-Kaladium idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo kodwa okusabalalisa. Ukukhanya okuqondile ukusuka elangeni, i-caladium ingadluliswa kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini nangemva kokudla kwasemini, futhi ekuseni. Izimbiza ezinesitshalo kumele zifakwe emafasiteleni angasentshonalanga noma empumalanga. Uma i-caladium ifakwe efasiteleni ohlangothini oluseningizimu, kufanele kube pritenit kusuka hit ngqo ukukhanya.
Gcina i-caladium cishe ngama-degree angu-25. Akufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-20. Lokhu, okwenzekayo, kubuye kudingeke ukuthi izinga lokushisa okufanele libe khona enhlabathini. Uma kunesikhathi sokuphumula, izinga lokushisa akufanele libe ngezansi kwama-degrees angu-18.
Uma isikhathi sokutshala semifino sifika, i-caladium kufanele iphuze ngokweqile. Amanzi kufanele athambile, abe nesikhathi sokuxazulula. Ukushisa kufanele kube ukushisa kwamakamelo. Esikhathini esilandelayo isitshalo siphuziswa emva kokuba izingxenye ezingaphezulu zomhlaba zomile. Kodwa udoti lwebumba ebhodweni kumele luhlale lumanzi. Ungafaka ibhodlela le-caladium kwi-peat emanzi noma amatshe amatshe. Ezinsukwini zokugcina zasehlobo nasekuqaleni kukaSeptember ukuthambisa kuqala ukwehla. Uma isikhathi sokuphumula siqala, umhlaba ngezinye izikhathi kudingeke ukuba uswakanyiswe ukuvimbela ukomiswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ngemuva kokutshala, kumele kusetshenziswe ngokucophelela, ngakho-ke akukho okunye okunamandla. Ukunisela kuyanda ngokulingana nokukhula kobukhulu obuhlaza.
Lezi zindlu zifana nomswakama ophezulu. Kufanele kube ezingeni lika-70%. Uma okuqukethwe komswakama wesitshalo okwanele, kungabangela umonakalo esitshalweni ngisho nokufa. I-Caladium kufanele ifafazwe kaningi futhi iningi, kepha amanzi akufanele awele emaqabungeni, ngenxa yamaconsi amanzi, ama-brown stains angabonakala kuwo, kanti lesi sitshalo silahlekelwa yizo zonke izici zayo zokuhlobisa. Ukuze ukwandise umswakama, izimbiza zingafakwa ezihamba ngezinyawo ngamanzi, kodwa phansi kwezimbiza akufanele uthinte amanzi.
Ngemuva kokuba amahlumela aweke akhule, futhi ngaphambi kwezinsuku zokuqala zika-Agasti, kanye nezinsuku ezingu-7, udinga ukwenza umanyolo wamaminerali okhiqizwa ngokukhethekile izimbali. Umthamo ubalwa ngokulandela isiqondiso esihlanganiswe nomuthi. Kusukela ngo-Agasti, ukunceliswa kumisiwe.
I-Caladium: izinkathi zezimila kanye nedormancy
Isikhathi sokuphumula sitshalo seCaladium siqhakazile. Ngo-Agasti, izitshalo ziyafa. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo akufanele siphuze. Izilimo eziyizigaxa emhlabathini kufanele zibe ngesimo esomile. Dry kumele alale ngaphambi kwezinsuku zokuqala zikaMashi. Kuhle ukugcina izitshalo ze-tuber ezweni elidala noma esihlabathini. Ukushisa akumelwe kube ngaphansi kwezinga lika-degrees angu-18, kodwa kungcono uma kungama-degrees angu-20. Ukuze ugweme ukugubha okuqinile kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, udinga kuphela ukuhambisa i-substrate ngezikhathi ezithile. Izinso ziqala ukuhluma ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi. Ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaFebruwari, lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa kumele zihlanzwe, zihlukaniswe ezincane ezikhulu futhi zitshalwe ezimbizeni.
Lapho silungiselela umhlaba wokutshala, sithatha ingxenye yama-humus, ingxenye ye-leaf land, ingxenye ye-peat nengxenye yesihlabathi. Izinga le-asidi-alkali le-substrate akufanele lidlule 6. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokushisa kufanele lihlale ezingeni lika-22 degrees. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ngamanzi, okwakwazi ukuxazulula futhi wehlisa. Ngemva kwesikhashana, uhlelo lwempande luqala ukwakha esitshalweni, bese luqala ukukhula. Uma kukhona amahlumela, manzi amanzi, ngokuthuthukiswa kwamaqabunga okuchelela kusanda.
Ngemuva kwamaqabunga amathathu noma amane, ama-inflorescences nawo angakha. Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza izinsuku ezimbalwa. Imbewu ivuthwe emva kwezinyanga ezimbili.Ngxenyeni engezansi ye-inflorescence kunezimbali "zezinsikazi", futhi engxenyeni engenhla - esebenza "owesilisa". I-pollen, ukuvuthwa ekuqaleni, inendawo yokudiliza. Ku-pollen, impova ivame ukuthathwa kwezinye izifo. Amahlamvu awalahlekelwa ukuhlobisa kwawo isikhathi eside kokubili esitshaleni ngokwawo nangemva kokusika izimbali noma izigaxa. Isikhathi semifino ye-caladium sincane. Ihlala kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaMashi kuya ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Agasti.
I-Caladium: ukukhiqiza (imbewu, izilimo eziyizigaxa)
Uma zisakazwa ngosizo lwembewu, kumele zihlwanyele ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna. Ngezimbewu, izwe eliqukethe uhlobo lwe-peat kanye neqabunga lomhlaba ezindaweni ezingalingana kufanelekile. Izithombo kufanele zivele izinsuku ezingu-18. Ngosuku lokuqala lwekwindla, izilimo eziyizigaxa zakha. Zigcinwa, njengezinye izilimo eziyizigaxa, futhi zatshalwe ngoFebhuwari noMashi. Uma ukukhiqizwa kwenzalo kuqhutshwa, ukuhlukaniswa kwezinga eliphakeme kubonakala, yingakho imbewu ikhethwa amaqabunga, futhi leyo mibala enezindawo zokuhlobisa kakhulu zikhethiwe.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zanda kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMashi. Zingahlukaniswa izingxenye, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi okungenani izinso ezinye zikhona kunxenye ngayinye. Izigaba kufanele zifakwe ngamapulangwe ngamalahle ezikhuni. Izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zitshalwe emhlabathini nge peat nesihlabathi. Ngemva kokufika, ibhokisi lifakwa ekukhanyeni ekushiseni okungaba ngu-degrees angu-24.
Izinkinga ekhaladium ekhulayo
Ukuze uthole izitshalo ezihlobisa kakhulu, kufanele sithathe izilimo eziyizigaxa ezineminyaka emibili ubudala. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zonyaka wokuqala kumele zitshalwe ukulima.
Lesi sitshalo sitholakala kalula ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi nokubandayo. Kubalulekile ukuqapha ukushisa kombuso kanye nokujwayela kokunisela. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nezinyathelo zokwengeza ezengeziwe.
I-Caladium ingalimaza i-aphid.