Imenyu yeminyango yomnyaka wesibili wokuphila ihluke kakhulu ekudleni komntwana oneminyaka elilodwa. Yebo! Phela, sekuyisikhathi sokuba umntwana athuthe kancane kancane etafuleni "elidala".
Umndeni ujabule ukugubha usuku lokuqala lokuzalwa kwengane - i-crystal out the candle on ikhekhe lokuzalwa (kuze kube yilapho elilodwa kuphela), lithola isipho sezipho, lazwa amazwi amaningi anomusa evela kuzivakashi ... Yiziphi imikhiqizo ewusizo yabantwana abangaba neminyaka emithathu yokukhetha? Abantu basekhaya manje sebeqaphela ukuthi ingane iqala ukushintsha nsuku zonke, hhayi nje ngaphandle ... Njengoba izingane zithi, le nkathi ibonakala ngokukhula okuphezulu kwengane.
Izimpumputhe zomzimba ziqala ukuguqula ngenkuthalo, kepha zisalokhu zingaphelele. Lokhu kungenxa yomsebenzi ongenakulinganiswa wezinhlayiya zokugaya, okubangelwa ukwehla kwamaprotheni, amafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate.
Yingakho izondlo zezingane zeluleka kakhulu abazali ukuba balethe izidingo ezikhethekile zokudla kanye nemikhiqizo yomntwana wonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Phela, inhlangano engafundile yokudla komntwana ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu lapho esekhulile. Isibonelo, ukungabi khona kwensimbi kungaholela ekunciphiseni ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo ngesikhathi esencane, ikhono lokukhumbula nokugxila eminyakeni yesikole.
Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine kuholela ekuphazamiseni ukubunjwa kwegciwane le-thyroid, ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa kwe-neuropsychiatric, ukukhulelwa kwengculazi. Ukuntuleka kwe-calcium ne-vitamin D kunemiphumela engalungile yamathambo esithambo. Ngendlela, kuboniswa ukuthi i-calcium inomthelela kakhulu emathanjeni ebuntwaneni, ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ingane ithola zonke izakhi ezidingekayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ivimbela ukudlula kwabanye, ukudla kufanele kube okuhlukahlukene.
Amaprotheni aphakeme kakhulu , insimbi, i-zinc, amavithamini B2 ne-B6 enza inyama ibe umkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu emndenini wesondlo womntwana wesibili. Enyama, ngokungafani neminye imikhiqizo yemvelaphi yezilwane, insimbi ilula kakhulu kalula (ikakhulukazi enkomeni naseTurkey). Ukupheka izinhlanzi kungaba yizinhlobo zenyama yenyama: inyama yenkomo, inyamazane, ingulube, izinkukhu, unogwaja - ngesimo se-cutlets, isobho noma iphekwe. Ngendlela, ama-cutlets kumele agwetshwe noma agwetshwe epanini (ngaphandle kwe-crusty crust!). Kodwa izinhlanzi ezinomzimba ezicebile, ikakhulukazi emathanjeni, izingane zonyaka wesibili wokuphila azikhuthazwa. Ngeshwa, akukho amaprotheni, akukho usawoti wamaminerali, akukho amavithamini adlula emfuleni. Kodwa emenyu yezingane ezineminyaka eyi-1,5-3 ezinkampanini zasenkulisa konke okufanayo kufaka isobho kwi inkukhu noma inyama umhluzi. Izazi zezokwelapha zinemibono ehlukene ngalesi sidlo - kukhona okunye okungenakuphikisana nakho, futhi, ngesikhathi esisodwa, kunciphisa izinto okuthiwa izinto zokuqothula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bashukumisa isifiso sokudla, banikeze ukunambitheka okukhethekile ezitsha zokuqala, ngakolunye uhlangothi - izinto ezithengiswayo zandisa ukwenziwa kwe-enzyme yokugaya, futhi lokhu kudala ukucindezeleka okungeziwe emigqonyeni yokugaya ingane futhi kungaholela ekusebenzeni kabi emsebenzini wabo. Ngesizathu esifanayo, izingane aziphiwe inyama enamafutha kanye nama-gravy ehlukahlukene. Imikhiqizo ewusizo yomntwana oneminyaka engama-3 ubudala ingaba inyama enamafutha aphansi, izithelo nemifino ehlukahlukene kanye namajusi emvelo.
Imikhiqizo
Ema-subproducts (isibindi, inhliziyo, ulimi), uma kuqhathaniswa nenyama, izinga lamaprotheni nensimbi liphansi, kodwa okuqukethwe kwamakhiyutrients (zinc, ithusi, manganese) abamba iqhaza ku-hematopoiesis inkulu. Ngakho-ke, bangaqondiswa izingane ezinezinga eliphansi le-hemoglobin. Kodwa inani lempahla ye-fat kanye ne-extractive emikhiqizweni emikhulu ngokwanele, ngakho akufanele lisetshenziswe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ezinsukwini ezingu-7-10.
Iqembu elihlukile lemikhiqizo yenyama kukhona izinhlobo ezihlukene zesausages, sausages kanye sausages. Kubantwana bezingane zasenkulisa, imikhiqizo ekhethekile ye-sausage iye yasungulwa, ekhishwa ngokulandela iresiphi ekhethekile, ngezimfuneko ezikhuphuka ezingeni lezinto zokusetshenziswa. Kodwa ngomnyaka wesibili wokuphila ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinsizi ezikhethekile kufanele kube okuhlukile kunomthetho. Umkhuba wenyama yemvelo ngosuku ngezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ngu 60-70.
Njengenyama, inhlanzi iyimithombo yamaprotheni aphezulu, insimbi ne-vitamin B12. Ezinhlanzi zasolwandle kukhona inani eliphawulekayo le-iodine ne-fluoride, kunezinsimbi futhi, kodwa libi kakhulu. Amafutha wezinhlanzi aphezulu ekudleni kokudla. Lokhu okuyingqayizivele kuhlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwama-acids ama-polyunsaturated ama-acids eside e-class Omega-3. Badlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zobuchopho, izitho zombono, ukuzivikela, uhlelo lokujikeleza. Imenyu yezingane, izinhlobo ezinzima zezinhlanzi - i-cod, i-haddock, ne-pike-perch ziycono kakhulu. Izinga lansuku zonke lifana nenyama. Izitsha zezinhlanzi zilungiselelwa izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto, ukuze zithathelwe inyama. Izinhlanzi ezinamafutha kanye ne-caviar azisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela izitsha zezingane zomnyaka wesibili wokuphila ngenxa yobuningi obuningi kasawoti kuzo, kanye nezinhlanzi zasemanzini (ama-crabs, shrimps, trepangs, squids, lobsters, njll) - ngenxa ye-allergenicity ephakeme kakhulu kanye nesamba esikhulu izinto zokwenza izinto. Okuhlukile yi-kelp (olwandle oludala). Isaladi esivela kuyo inganikezwa ingane eneminyaka eyi-1.5-2 ubudala (20-25 g). Kodwa izingane ezinokuhluleka kwezinso kumele zinikezwe ngokucophelela.
Amaqanda
Amaqanda anesiprotheni sesilwane esiphelele - esihle kakhulu kokuqukethwe nokulinganisa kwazo zonke amino acid ezibalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, aqukethe amavithamini A, D, B2, beta-carotene. Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila umntwana angadla amaqanda angu-2 ngosuku noma amaqanda amabili ngesonto. Amaqanda ashukela angeke adliwe.
Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila kwengane, kuphakanyiswa ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa ubisi olukhethekile lwezingane, i-kefir, i-yogurt. Eminyakeni emibili kuya embili, ungangenisa namanje i-yazhenka ne-varenets. Inani lobisi, kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi olumuncu, ngosuku kufanele okungenani libe ngu-500 ml. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushizi - ama-gramu angu-5, ukhilimu omuncu - ama-gramu angu-10, ibhotela - amagremu angu-20, i-cottage shizi - ama-gramu angu-50 ngosuku (noma uhlobo lwe-casseroles, i-syrnikov 100-200 amagremu, izikhathi eziningana ngeviki). Okuqukethwe kwamafutha emikhiqizo yobisi akufanele kube phezulu: ubisi - kufika ku-3.2%, i-cottage ushizi - kufika ku-9%, ukhilimu omuncu - kufika ku-20%.
Le mikhiqizo yenza ingxenye yengonyama yokudla komntwana - kuze kube ngu-70%, inikeza ingane amandla.
Izingane ezincane zingadla isinkwa sekolweni nesigesi. Akuthandeki - konke okusanhlamvu. Inani eliphakanyisiwe lesinkwa ekudleni kweminyaka emithathu yokuqala ngu-15-20 g rye rye kanye no-50-60 g ukolweni. Okubaluleke kunayo yonke i-pasta yilabo abenziwe ngokhula we-durum. Iqukethe amazinga aphezulu amaprotheni namavithamini.
Phakathi kokusanhlamvu, i-buckwheat ne-oat bayathandwa. Iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, amaminerali (i-magnesium, i-zinc, ithusi), amavithamini. Ilayisi nayo inhle - ingaphezu kwamanye okusanhlamvu, ama-carbohydrate. Ungasebenzisa kanye nokudla okusanhlamvu - ngesilinganiso somsoco, sondela eduze kwelayisi. Kodwa ukubaluleka kwe-semolina kuncane, kodwa ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okuhle, kungase kube khona ngezinye izikhathi kuba khona etafuleni lezingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ama-casseroles. Ukwandisa inani laso lokudla okunomsoco kuzosiza izithelo ezengeziwe kanye nezithelo zomisiwe. Ayisetshenziselwa izitsha zezingane (kuze kube yiminyaka engama-3) i-pearl ibhalley nebhali. I-Millet iyamukeleka kakhulu, kodwa iyadingeka enkampanini nelayisi noma ithanga.
Ekudleni kwezingane zonyaka wesibili wokuphila ungasebenzisa imifino eluhlaza. Kuphela nje abameleli babo obukhali - isithombo, isithombo. Ukuze ulungiselele izitsha zokuqala, izitsha kanye nama-dessert ungasebenzisa kokubili imifino enhle nefriziwe, izithelo namajikijolo. Ngosuku umntwana kufanele athole kuze kube ngu-300 amagremu yemifino kanye no-150 g wezithelo. Izithelo ezomile zisetshenziswa emva konyaka njengengxenye yezinhlamvu, i-compotes, i-kissels, i-dessert. Kodwa-ke, inani lezithelo ezomile akufanele lidlule 50 g ngesonto.
Ubhontshisi
Umthombo wesitshalo seprotheyini ephezulu kanye nama-amino acids abalulekile. Ikakhulukazi amaningi amaprotheni e-soy. Ukunciphisa i-gassing nokusebenzisa izitshalo kungaba, uma ziphekwa kahle futhi uma kungenzeka ukukhulula esikhumbeni. Ekudleni komntwana weminyaka yokuqala yokuphila, ama-peas kanye nobhontshisi asetshenziselwa kakhulu, kanye nemikhiqizo ekhethekile ye-soy milk and cottage cheese. Ezinye imikhiqizo ye-soy for babies ayinconywa.
Amafutha adla
Amafutha omifino ahluke ekuqukethwe kwama-acids ama-Omega-6 nama-Omega-3, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-vitamin E. Omega-6 fatty acids etholakala kuwo wonke amafutha yemifino, ngakho-ke akukho nhlobo. I-omega-3 ye-asiy kuphela ye-asiy, i-rapeseed nama-linseed amafutha acebile. I-Vitamin E iningi emafutheni we-soya. Umthamo wansuku zonke wamafutha yemifino izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu - 5-7 g (lokhu kuyi-1-2 teaspoonfuls).
Ishukela ne-confectionery
Izingane emva konyaka zingabhekene ne-allergies, unganika uju (1-2 amathisipuni izikhathi 2-3 ngesonto). Kusuka ku-confectionery kuya kwesilinganiso sezingane emva konyaka kufaka marshmallow, pastille, marmalade, jam, jam, jam, amakhukhi, ngesamba sika 10-15 amagremu ngosuku. I-chocolate nemikhiqizo evela kuyo ayinikezi izingane ezineminyaka engaba ngu-3. Nakuba njenge-flavour eyengezelayo, (ngezinga elincane) ngezinye izikhathi kufakwa emaphandleni wezingane zokukhiqiza ezimbonini.
Iziphuzo
Okuthandwa kakhulu yi-juice, i-compotes, i-kissels, iziphuzo zezithelo. Amayisi asetjenziswa kangcono yizingane ezikhethekileko noma ezifuywayo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukuphuza ngokweqile kweziphuzo ezinjalo zezithelo kungabangela ukukhululeka kwesitokisini, ngakho-ke inani labo akufanele lidlule 200-300 ml ngosuku. I-Kissels ayisetshenzisiwe ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto.
Iminyaka engaba ngu-2 ekudleni kwezingane kuhlanganisa amathikithi abumnyama nalabo abomvu. Ngemuva konyaka unganikeza ingane yakho isiphuzo kusuka ku-chicory. Ngomusi, lokhu kuphuza kuyiphunga kakhulu. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-1-1,5, imvuthuluka inganikwa i-cocoa, kodwa ekuseni kuphela, njengoba isebenza ngomsebenzi wesimiso nesifo senhliziyo. Kodwa i-cocoa kanye netiyi kungcono ukungaphuzi emva kokudla inyama, ngoba izinto eziqukethwe kuzo zincishisa ukungena kwensimbi.
Usawoti nezinongo
Ingxenye ebalulekile kasawoti ingena emzimbeni wengane ngemikhiqizo evamile. Isilinganiso sikasawoti esidla imvuthuluka ngu-0.5-1 g ngosuku. Kalula nje, ukudla kwengane kufanele kusetshenziswe usawoti ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kwakungenalo usawoti. Ungasebenzisa usawoti odidayo ngesikhathi upheka ukudla kwezingane. Kusuka ezinuncweni, ngokulinganisa okuncane kakhulu, ungasebenzisa i-pepper elimnandi nelomhlophe, iqabunga le-bay, i-basil, i-thyme, i-coriander, i-marjoram, i-rosemary ne-pepper enomnandi.