Incazelo ye-genus.
Igama lezakhi livela ku "nephros" (isiGreki) - izinso nama-"lepis" (isiGreki) - izilinganiso. Futhi uphawula ifomu elifana nefilimu ye-coverlet, amaqembu ahlanganisa ama-spores.
Amaqabunga amancane, akhule ubude obufinyelela kumamitha amathathu, agcina ukukhula kwe-apical iminyaka eminingana. Iziqu zalesi sitshalo zifinyezwe futhi zinike amahlumela amancane angenamuva. Amahlumela amancane amaqabunga amafomu kulawa amahlumela. Emaphethelweni emithanjeni itholakale srusy. Zizungeze nxazonke, ngezinye izikhathi zitholwa zisekwe eceleni. I-oblongata i-oblong noma iyindilinga, ifakwe eduze kwesisekelo noma ihleli endaweni eyodwa. I-sporangia ku-nephrolepis emilenzeni, ngaphakathi kwe-sorus yokuqala ingaminyaka ehlukile. Ama-spores amancane, enebhedi encane noma ngaphezulu ebonakalayo.
I-Nephrolepis iyakwazi ukukhipha nokunciphisa ama-so-called okuthiwa ama-toluene, i-xylene, i-formaldehyde - izinto eziyingozi. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo singabizwa ngokuthi "isihlungi somoya". Lolu hlobo lwesitshalo lunganciphisa izinto ezingena egumbini nabantu abaphefumulayo.
Kukholelwa ukuthi izitshalo zasendlini nephrolepis ziyakwazi emoyeni ukunciphisa ama-microbes, okwenziwa ngamaconsi. Ungasho ukuthi uma igumbi likhula nephrolepis, bese uphefumula kalula.
Amaqabunga aphindwe kabili i-nephrolepis asetshenziselwa izakhamuzi zaseGuyana ukuphatha ukusikeka nezinxeba.
I-Nephrolepis iyinhlamba enhle, ngakho-ke ungayifaka yedwa ekamelweni. Amaqabunga ale fern aphelile, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba ungafaki lutho eduze kwalo, ukuze ungalimazi amaqabunga.
Loluhlobo lwe-fern luzobukeka luhle ngendlela yesitshalo se-ampelian, kokubili ebhasikisini elilenga futhi ebhodini elivamile. UFern angakhula ezitebhisini, emahholo, endlini yokugezela eduze kwefasitela. Lesi sitshalo sikwazi ukukhula ngaphansi kokukhanya okubonakalayo, ngakho-ke kuvame ukukhula emahhovisi ehhovisi. Ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo kungenziwa ngezibani ze-fluorescent, okufanele zishise amahora angu-16 ngosuku.
Ukunakekela isitshalo.
I-Nephrolepis yizitshalo ezikhetha ukukhanya okuhlakazekile, kodwa azilwananga ilanga eliqondile. Akukubi ukukhula emafasiteleni asempumalanga noma entshonalanga. Eduzane nefasitela eliseningizimu, futhi, khula, kodwa kulokhu, udinga ukudala nge gauze, tulles ukukhanya ehlakazekile noma indawo kude efasiteleni.
Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo singathunyelwa emgwaqweni engadini noma emkheneni, kodwa kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa ukuze ugweme ukushayela imisebe yelanga esitshalweni, ukuyivikela emanzini kanye nemvula. Uma lesi sitshalo sikhula ehlobo, kufanele kube njalo umoya.
Ngesikhathi sasebusika, isitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okuhle, okungenziwa ngezibani zokukhanya. Izibani zibekwa kude 50-60 cm, futhi zishise okungenani amahora angu-8 ngosuku. Ventilate ikamelo futhi udinga ukuwa kanye nobusika, kodwa udinga ukuqapha ukugwema ama-drafts.
Ngentwasahlobo nasehlobo, izinga lokushisa elingu-20 о С, uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lidlula u-24, khona-ke udinga ukwandisa umswakama womoya, ngoba i-nephrolepis ayibekezelele kahle ukushisa. Ekwindla nasebusika, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme liyi-15 °, uma izinga lokushisa liwela ngamadridi amathathu, ukuphuza kunciphisa futhi ukuphuza isitshalo kufanele kube ngamacici amancane amanzi. Ungafaki isitshalo eduze kwama-radiators, ngoba umoya oshisayo kakhulu ungalimaza isitshalo.
Ekusentwasahlobo nasehlobo, ukuchelela kufanele kube nokuningi, njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu lwe-coma lomhlaba luzokoma. Ebusika, ukuchelela okulinganiselayo, emva kwelanga elingu-1 (ubuncane), ngemuva kokumisa ungqimba ophezulu. Umhlabathi kufanele ube njalo unomanzi, kodwa ungabi nomswakama kakhulu. Ungavumeli i-substrate ukuba iphele, nakuba lolu hlobo lwe-fern lungase lubhekane nengozi ngokweqile, kepha lokhu kungaholela ekutheni insizwa encane iqale ukuma.
Izimila ze-nephrolepis, njengamanye ama-ferns afana nomswakama ophezulu, ngakho-ke, kuyasiza ukuwafiphaza unyaka wonke. Ukufafaza kwenziwa ngamanzi ahlungiwe noma amile.
Uma lesi sitshalo sikhula egumbini elinomoya omile, bese uhlanzwa ukwaziswa kabili ngosuku. Futhi ukwandisa imbiza yamanzi nge-nephrolepis ingafakwa phezu kwendlwana lapho kunenhlanhla emanzi, ubumba obunwetshiwe noma ama-moss. Ingaphansi ebhodweni akufanele ihlangane namanzi. Ngezikhathi ezithile, i-fern ingafakwa ngaphansi kweshazi bese uyigeza, kuyilapho kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi amanzi awafinyeleli kwi-substrate (ibhodlela lingagcwele i-polyethylene). Lokhu ngeke nje kususe uthuli oluvela esitshalweni, kodwa futhi ngokungeziweko kuzolungisa nge-vai.
Ukudla ngesikhathi sokukhula kwenziwa njalo ngesonto. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo ohlanjululwayo wezitshalo zokuhlobisa (1/4 kokujwayelekile).
Esikhathini sekwindla nobusika, akudingeki ukufaka umanyolo owengeziwe, ngoba lokhu kungabangela isifo esibi kakhulu.
I-fern encane ishintsha isikhathi 1 ngonyaka entwasahlobo. Amapulangwe asetshenziswa abantu abadala asetshenziselwa entwasahlobo emva kweminyaka emibili. Dive isitshalo kangcono embizeni epulasitiki, ngoba, ngokungafani nezimbiza zobumba, kugcina umswakama ube ngcono. Izimbiza zingcono kakhulu ukukhetha okuphansi nokubanzi, ngoba uhlelo lwempande le-fern lukhula ngobubanzi. Uma ibhodlela liba lincane, livele libonise esitshalweni: ama-vayas asomile, amaqabunga amancane akhula kabi, umbala uphenduka obala. Uma i-nephrolepis ikhula embizeni enkulu (amashumi ayishumi nambili ububanzi), amaqabunga angakhula afike ku-45-50 cm, futhi kwezinye izibonelo amaqabunga akhula abe ngu-75 cm.
Inhlabathi kufanele ibe lula (pH kuze kufike ku-6.5) futhi ifaka i-peat ephezulu, umhlaba we-coniferous ne-hothouse (konke okuthathwe yizingxenye ezilinganayo). Ku-1 kg wokubunjwa, ama-gramu ama-5 wesithambo sakusihlwa ayengeziwe.
Kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise i-peat kuphela yama-ferns akhula, ubukhulu obufanele bube ngu-20 cm. Ungakhula ekubunjweni okubumba: umhlaba onqabile (izingxenye ezingu-4), ingxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi kanye nengxenye eyodwa ye-peat. Engeza amalahle phansi.
Umsele omuhle unesibopho, kanti nakuba lolu hlobo lwe-fern lukhetha inhlabathi emanzi, noma kunjalo, umhlabathi womhlabathi kanye namanzi aqhubekekayo abekezelela kakhulu.
Isakazwa yizinhlamvu (ngezinye izikhathi), ngokuhlukanisa i-rhizome (ehlathini), ngokuqothula amahlumela we-pubescent ngaphandle kwamaqabunga, ezinye izinhlobo zezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Ithinta: i-whitefly, isicabucabu se-spider, i-scutellum, i-mealybug.