Izitshalo zasekhaya zihlukahlukene kakhulu. Kodwa phakathi kwazo i-niche ehlukile ihlala izitshalo zezilwane. Lesi yisenzakalo esimangalisayo, ungakwazi ukuyibuka isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa inzalo. Lezi izitshalo ezingavamile, kodwa ukuzigcina ekhaya akuyona neze nzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, benza indima "yokuhlanza amanzi", ukubhubhisa izimpukane, umiyane, izicabucabu ngisho namaqhude efulethini. Kuziphi izitshalo ezidliwa yincwadi ebomvu ezifanele ukukhula ekhaya futhi zizoxoxwa ngezansi.
Into yokuqala ekhokha ngokukhethekile izitshalo ezidliwayo yisifiso sokucacisa indlela yokwenza kwabo. Wonke umuntu oqala ukubona lezi zitshalo, ngifuna ukwazi ukuthi zihlelwe kanjani nokuthi yini azi ukuthi kufanele "zenze kanjani." Usosayensi onokwethenjelwa uCharles Darwin onesiqephu sakhe sokutshala izitshalo ezidliwayo okokuqala ngqá wabhala ukuthi izitshalo ezidla kakhulu zidla izinambuzane ukuze zithole izakhi zazo ezidingekayo ukuze ziphile. Ngokungafani nezinye izitshalo, abazitholi amandla abo ayisisekelo emhlabathini nasemvelweni, kodwa ngokudla.
Izitshalo ezidliwayo zithatha izinto ezihambayo kuphela ukuze zilondoloze amandla azo futhi zivimbele ukusetshenziswa kwesilwane esinqunyiwe. UCharles Darwin waphetha ngokuthi izitshalo ezahlukene zezilwane zinezindlela ezahlukene zokuthola izinambuzane. Abanye banesicupho (ngendlela yesicupho), kanti abanye baneqabunga elinomuthi okhangayo ovelayo lapho inambuzane ikwazi ukuphunyuka khona.
Kulezi zitshalo ezingama-300 ezaziwayo zokukhula ezikhungweni zegumbi, kuphela eziyisithupha ezifanelekile. Zibhekwa ikakhulukazi ezingavamile futhi ezilwaneni zasendle zifakwe ohlwini eNcwadini Ebomvu. Ukutshala izitshalo ezidliwayo ekhaya kunezici ezithile, kepha ngokujwayelekile azifani nezezinye izinhlobo zezindlu.
Izici zezitshalo ezikhulayo ekhaya
- Izitshalo ezidliwayo zikhula kahle emvelweni onomswakama, enhlabathini enomsoco ecebile ku-nitrogen, izakhi kanye namaminerali. Emhlabathini kufanele kube nomxube we-moss (okunikeza i-acidity enhlabathini), i-peat noma ishlabathi esiluhlaza (umcibisholo izikhathi eziningana).
- Izitshalo zokudliwayo, ngokungafani nezinye izimbali zasendlini, akufanele zikhule emabhodini obumba, njengoba ubumba lubulunga usawoti obungozi ezitshalweni zezithelo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izimbiza zaseplastiki zinezimbobo zokugcoba amanzi, ngoba ngenxa yawo yonke uthando lwabo lokuswakama, izitshalo akufanele "zigijime".
- Uma endlini yakho engekho ukudla okwanele kwezitshalo ezidliwayo, ama-fertilizer akhethekile aphethwe emaqabunga awo. Yenza lokhu njalo, ukuze isitshalo singafi.
- Izitshalo zokudliwa zidinga ukukhanya okuningi. Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuwanikeza yona - kuzodingeka ukuhlomisa ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo. Futhi, izibani ze-incandescent azifanelekile - udinga ukukhanya kwe-fluorescent.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa ekamelweni phakathi nosuku alidluli ama-30 degrees. Ungalokothi ufake izitshalo eduze kwebhethri noma ezinye izifudumezi.
Izinhlobo ezidumile zezitshalo ezifuywayo zasekhaya
1. I-Venus flytrap
Ebizwa ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi wothando lukaVenus. Iqiniso liwukuthi amahlamvu esitshalo afana nobulili besifazane. Lezi zitshalo ezingavamile ezifakwe encwadini ebomvu. Amaqabunga ahlanganisa ama-valve amabili ovalo anezinhlayiya emaphethelweni, afana nesicupho esincane noma umgibe. Ngaphakathi, ama-valves afakwe izinwele ezibomvu nezigulane ezivimba ama-enzyme nokuheha izinambuzane. Lapho inambuzane ihlezi egqabeni, icasula izinwele, futhi isicupho sigcina isivinini esingakahle. Khona-ke inqubo yokugaya iqala. I-fly eyodwa yanele amasonto amathathu. Khona-ke ama-flaps avulekile, futhi emaqabunga ahlala izingxenye eziqinile ze-insecte - ikhanda, amaphiko, izinsalela ze-trunk. Le ndlela isebenza izikhathi ezimbalwa, bese iqabunga lifa.
NgoMeyi noJuni, izimbali ze-flytrap ziqhakaza ezimhlophe, futhi ziphumula ngesikhathi sokuphumula ebusika. Ngalesi sikhathi isitshalo sondla kakhulu. Ukuze kukhule kahle nentuthuko, lesi sitshalo sidinga inhlabathi kumxube omncane we-peat nesihlabathi. Ehlobo, kudingeka ukukhanya okuningi. Lesi sitshalo sithanda ilanga eliqondile - ngakho ligcwele ukukhanya kwe-infrared. Kunconywa ukugcina i-saucer ngamanzi njalo ngaphansi kwe-vase bese uyengeza njengoba iqhuma. Inani lokudla lithinta ubukhulu nombala wamaqabunga e-flytrap ye-venus, kodwa izintambo ezingu-2-3 ngenyanga zanele. Uma amaqabunga eqala ukuphenduka amnyama bese ewa, isitshalo asinakho ukudla okwanele. Lokhu kubalulekile ukubuka.
2. I-Nepent
Ebizwa ngemuva kokutshala kokungabikho emlandweni wasendulo wesiGreki - nepenfa. Kuyinto isitshalo sezintaba eneqabunga elikhanyayo elimhlophe, emaphethelweni alowo amafomu ama-jugs ane-membrane-lid. Udinga isibalo esanele somswakama nokukhanya. Yilezi zimbungulu eziyimfihlo "izikhali" zezitshalo ezinokulimaza ezisiza ukuba zibambe inyamazane. Njengoba ama-jugs ekhula, ama-jugs agcwele uketshezi okhethekile, futhi kuphela lapho befika ekuvuthweni, isivalo sivulwa futhi isitshalo silungele ukubamba izisulu zalo. I-Nepent ingadla kunoma yiziphi izidalwa ezincane eziphilayo. Lezi zingaba yizimpukane, izinyosi, izinyosi, izinyosi, izinyoni kanye namagundane. Ekhishwe umbala kanye nephunga eliketshezizi, zihamba phansi emaphethelweni e-jug phansi, khona-ke umgqomo uvale - akukho ukubuyela emuva. Ngaphakathi kwesitshalo kukhona imvelo enobudlova obukhulu lapho inqwaba yesilwane igcwele khona.
Ukuze ukhule kahle futhi uqhakaze lesi sitshalo udinga ukukhanya kwelanga. Ithanda umswakama, ikakhulukazi amanzi olwandle. Kungakhula ekushiseni kwama-degrees ayi-13 kuya ku-35, kubonakala kungcono ezindaweni zokuhlala, kodwa futhi kungakhula emiphakathini emisiwe. Ukuhlwanyela kungcono umquba wamanzi, ungawafiphala, uchithe ngamanzi. Into esemqoka ekukhuleni kwe-nepenta - ukuqapha izinga lokuswakama. Lesi sitshalo siyakuthanda isiphepho futhi asibekezeleli ukuma.
3. Rosycele
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwezitshalo ezidliwayo lufakwe encwadini ebomvu, efanelekile ukugcina indlu. Amaqabunga awo atholakale njengengxenyana emide, emigqumeni emincane, ngokuvamile edwetshwe ngokubomvu. Zigcwele izinwele ezigcoba eziveza iphunga elinamandla futhi zimbozwe ngamanzi amnandi akhanya njengamaconsi amazolo ukuze athole izisulu. Ngokushesha nje lapho inambuzane ihlezi eqabeni - izinwele ziyifaka bese zifinyelela kuze kube yilapho ukumelana kumelela ngokuphelele. Khona-ke ishidi liqala ukugoqa kancane kancane, kuze kube yilapho liqhubekela emathinini. Ngaphakathi, inqubo yokuhlukanisa ama-enzyme yokugaya ukudla iqala. Inqubo yokugaya ihlala izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ngo-Julayi-Agasti, i-sundew iqhuma ngezimbali ezimhlophe, ezibomvu noma eziphuzi ezikhula ngeziqu. Uyakuthanda amanzi, ngakho-ke ibhodlela kumele lihlale liphakathi kwamanzi, futhi ebusika inhlabathi kufanele ibe yincani nje kuphela. Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kanye nokwelashwa kwezilwane.
4. Petlyuga
Ngezimbali zayo ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zifana ne-violet. Kodwa lezi zimbali ziyisibambiso sezinambuzane, esiseduze nesiqu. Zigcwele izinwele eziningi nezinhlayiya ezine-slime ezinamathele, okuvumela ukuba usheshe ukhubaze isisulu. Amahlamvu aphikisana nawo futhi inqubo yokugaya iqala, okugcina usuku olulodwa. Khona-ke lesi sitshalo "sichitha" izinsalela eziqinile zezinambuzane. I-Petlyuga ithanda ukukhanya, ayikwazi ukufakwa kabusha ngenxa yesimiso esibi sempande. Amaqabunga amasha avela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, cishe akekho isikhathi sokuphumula.
5. I-Flower-pitcher
Izitho zalo zokuzingela ziyizimbiza ezimbozwe ngezinwele. Isisulu siqhuma lapho, sidonse iphunga, futhi asikwazi ukubuyela emuva. Ngaphakathi kukhona ama-juice omuncu, okusheshisa ukubola nokugaya izakhi. Ukwandisa lezi zitshalo ekhaya kulula kakhulu - ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ngokukhanya okungokwemvelo okulinganiselwe, okunezikhathi eziqhubekayo zokuthululwa ehlobo kanye kanye ngenyanga ebusika. Kodwa qaphela lapho uchelela - ungavumeli amanzi angene ku-jug. Lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.
6. Mehurka-vial
It is ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa emapulazini noma ezinhlanzi izinhlanzi. Lapho, lesi sitshalo sisebenza njengomhlanzi wemvelo. Indlela yokuthunjwa kwayo - phakathi kwamaqabunga aluhlaza okwedlulele atholakala amabhulabhu amancane ane-valve, ehlanganiswe ngezinwele. Isisulu sihlezi phansi, sithinta izinwele, i-valve ivula, bese isondeza inambuzane ngaphakathi kwe-bubble. Isidalwa esibanjwe sifa yindlala, futhi umzimba wayo udiliza ngosizo lwezinto ezikhethekile ngaphakathi kwe-bubble. Inqubo yonke ithatha cishe imizuzu engu-15. Kungcono ukuhlala ezindaweni ezisemakhaya, ngoba lesi sitshalo sidinga amanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Awudingi ukondla ikakhulukazi, qinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zondla okungenani kanye ngesonto.