Siyabonga udumo lwaseRussia, manje ukuzalwa komama wokubeletha. isayithi liqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwenqubo, ukuthi libiza kangakanani emazweni ahlukene nokuthi ubani wezinkanyezi zaseRussia oqale waqala emisebenzini yomama wokuzikhethela? (Ukusikisela: akusikho uFiliphu Kirkorov).
Umama okhungathekileko ubuchwepheshe bokubeletha obusizo, lapho owesifazane ebeletha futhi ebeletha ingane engenazo izakhi zofuzo. Inqubo ayifani neze nokukhulelwa okungekho emzimbeni (IVF), kodwa kunomphumela owodwa oyinhloko - kuhilela abantu abathathu. Kusukela emzimbeni wesifazane oyedwa (umama ophilayo), akhiphe iqanda futhi alitshale nge-biomaterial yowesilisa (ubaba ophilayo). Khona-ke i-zygote ifakwa esibelethweni "esilungisiwe" somunye wesifazane (umama okhulunywayo), emva kwalokho umntwana kufanele ahlome futhi athuthuke ngokuhambisana nomkhuba. Ngemuva kokuphela kokukhulelwa, ingane idluliselwa kumbhangqwana ozosebenzisa izakhi zofuzo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqothula.
Umama wokuzizwa eRussia
Shumeka kusuka ku-Getty Images Ezweni lakithi, i-BTR ayithandeki ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu, ezihlanganisa:
- ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwabazali kanye ne-surrogacy (amanani emitholampilo ekhokhelwayo ancike esifundeni saseRussian Federation),
- inqubo ngqo ye-IVF noma i-ICSI (150 000 - 250 000 rub.),
- izindleko ezihambisana nokukhulelwa (izinkokhelo zenyanga zixoxwa ngabanye),
- uhlale esibhedlela,
- isinxephezelo semali somama wokubeletha ngemva kokubeletha (kusukela ku-600 000 ukuya ku-1 500 000 ruble).
Ukwenziwa kabusha kwezinsizakalo zokubeletha kunikezwa imitholampilo ekhethekile yezokwelapha nezinhlangano ezikhethekile. Njengomthetho, izinkampani zinikeza izinhlelo zabo amaklayenti, izindleko zazo kuxhomeke kwinani lemizamo ye-IVF kanye nezingozi ezibandakanya (ukungabikho noma ukuqedwa kokukhulelwa, ukwenqaba umama wokukhulisa ingane ngokudlulisela ingane kubazali bezinto eziphilayo, njll). Awekho ama-quotas ale nqubo ezweni lethu ezingeni lezomthetho. ERussia, intengo yemisebenzi yokubeletha kwabazali iyahlukahluka phakathi kwama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-1.5 no-4. Isibonelo, izikhungo ezinkulu zihlinzeka ngamaphakheji alandelayo:
- "Economy" - ruble million 0.8-1.3 million. (engekho emholweni we-surrogacy),
- "Standard" - ruble 1.6-1.9 million. (kubandakanya umholo kanye nezindleko ezihlobene nokukhulelwa nokubeletha),
- "Premium" - ama-ruble angu-2.2-2.9 wezigidi. (umama wokubeletha "ngesisekelo sokubheka").
Imitholampilo yaseSt. Petersburg kaningi isebenzisa uhlelo oluyisisekelo lwezigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-1,9, ezihlanganisa ukuphathwa kokukhulelwa kanye nezindleko zokuhlala okwesikhashana eSt. Petersburg. Kweminye imizi emikhulu yaseRussia kukhona amagatsha eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg izinkampani noma izikhungo zendawo zisebenza cishe ngamazinga afanayo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izindleko zesevisi yokukhulelwa okuningi zikhuphuka ngo-30-40%.
Umama wokuzizwa kwamanye amazwe
Kungase kubonakale kumangalisa, kodwa emazweni amaningi aseYurophu athuthukile, asiza ubuchwepheshe bokuzala ukuthi avunyelwe umthetho noma unemingcele eqinile. Isibonelo, izakhamizi zaseJalimane naseNorway, ezifisa ukubuyela kumama wokubeletha, kuzodingeka zihambe emzaneni waseDenmark noma eFinland. Izindleko zesevisi eYurophu aziphansi:
- Belgium - kusuka ku-54 000 zamaRandi,
- I-Denmark - kusuka kuma-dollar angu-50 000,
- I-Netherlands - kusuka kuma-dollar angu-54 000,
- Ukraine - kusuka ku-28 500 euros.
Kungenjalo, isimo e-United States. Kulo lizwe, ukubeletha kokubeletha sekusetshenziselwe isikhathi eside, kepha isimo sengqondo saso sincike esimweni esithile. "Abangane" abaningi kakhulu kulo mqondo yiFlorida neCalifornia. Izindleko zezinsiza zendawo zendawo zilinganiselwa ku-60 000 - 100 000 zamaRandi. Naphezu kwalokhu, yiMitholampilo yaseMelika ethathwa njengezikhangayo kakhulu futhi ezidumile phakathi kwabeziwayo.
Izinkanyezi zaseRussia ezazisuka ekubelethweni komama
- U-Alena Apina waba "iphayona" lendlela yokubeletha umama endaweni yokuhlala.
Ngo-2001, abaningi babengazi ukuthi kwakunjani. Noma kunjalo, umculi akazange asebenze emitholampilo yangaphandle, kodwa wathola i-surrogacy eRussia. U-Alena akazange abize inani eliqondile lemali, kodwa wavuma ukuthi le nsizakalo yabiza kakhulu. Manje indodakazi yakhe u-Xenia uneminyaka engu-16 ubudala.
- UFiliphu Kirkorov wanciphisa ubuhlungu obungempela ekufakeni umama esikhundleni.
Ngo-2011, umculi okokuqala waba ngu-Alla-Victoria osanda kuzalwa, futhi ngemva konyaka umculi wamemezela ukuzalwa kwendodana yakhe uMartin. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, uFilie wasebenzisa indlela yokuzala eyisizayo. Amagama we-surmas ahlukaniswa, kodwa ayaziwa ukuthi bangabesifazane baseRussia. Ngokusho kukaKirkorov, wanquma ukuqhuba yonke inqubo e-US ukugwema ukungcola okungadingekile nokwehliswa kolwazi. Cishe, lo mculi wasebenzisa imitholampilo ekhethekile eMiami, eyamkhokhela u-$ 170,000 - $ 200,000 esimweni ngasinye.
- U-Alla Pugacheva noMaxim Galkin eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule badumala umphakathi ngezindaba mayelana nokuvela kwezingane ezihlangene.
Ngo-2013, lo mbhangqwana waba abazali bakaLisa noHarry. I-Gemini yombhangqwana wezinkanyezi yayithwalwe ngumama ovela eRussia. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uPugacheva noGalkin basebenzela emtholampilo waseMoscow "Umama nezingane". Ukuzalwa kwenzeka enkundleni ye-Lapino Clinical ngaphansi kwe-MD M. Kutser. Inani elingakhokhwa nguMaxim no-Alla Borisovna alizange lidalulwe. Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, ukuzalwa kwamawele kubiza isibhangqwana se-stellar isamba esizungezile - cishe ama-dollar ayi-100,000.
- U-Ingeborga Dapkunaite akazange avume ukuthi wayesebenzisa izinsizakalo ze-surimuma. Kodwa lapho umlingisi oneminyaka engu-55 ubudala ebonisa indodana yakhe encane u-Alex, lo mbuzo wavuka ngokuzenzakalelayo.
U-Ingeborga uzama ukufihla impilo yakhe siqu kusuka ku-paparazzi yonke indawo. Ngakho, eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule washada okwesithathu, kodwa abezindaba bavela ngemuva kwalokhu kulandela umkhosi okwenzeka eNgilandi. Mhlawumbe, imitholampilo ekhethiwe ikhethwe ngumdlali wezemidlalo ezweni elifanayo, yonke imininingwane ingacatshangwa kuphela.
- UDmitry no-Elena Malikov ekupheleni kukaJanuwari 2018 baphinde baba abazali abajabulayo.
Kubikwa ukuthi umama obelethayo wazala indodana kaMalikov emtholampilo waseSt. Petersburg. Isikhungo sezokwelapha "Ava-Peter" sigxile ekuhlinzekeni izinsizakalo emindenini ecebile, futhi abasebenzi badlula ukuqeqesha ezindaweni eziphambili ze-European profile. Lapho lolu hlelo lubiza izindoda ezimbili, umculi akazange avume. Igama lomntwana osanda kuzalwa liyimfihlo yocindezeli.