Ukudla kweShayina kubhekwa njengenye yezinto zokudlela ezicebile kakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo emhlabeni jikelele. Ivela ezifundeni ezahlukene zaseChina futhi isakazwa kwezinye izingxenye eziningi zomhlaba - kusukela e-East Asia naseNyakatho Melika kuya eYurophu naseNingizimu Afrika. Ngakho-ke, ukudla okuyiShayina: yiziphi abantu baseShayina abavame ukudla - sizokhuluma ngalokhu.
Ngokuvamile, ukudla kwaseChina ngaphandle kwe-China kungaba okuqotho noma okuvumelaniswa nokuthandwa kwendawo, noma ngisho nento entsha ngokuphelele, ngokusekelwe emasikweni nasezintandokazi zamaShayina. Kukhona umehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwamasiko okugaya ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseChina. Kunezindawo zokudlela eziyisikhombisa ezisemqoka zesifunda: Anhui, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan naseZhejiang. Phakathi kwabo, iSichuan kuphela, iShandong neHuaiyang kuphela ehlotshaniswa nomqondo ojwayelekile wokudla waseChina.
Isidlo ngasinye sesidlo saseChina sivame ukubonakala sinamalungu amabili noma ngaphezulu:
1. Umthombo wama-carbohydrate nesitashi, okuthiwa ngesi-Chinese "dzhushi" (ngokwezwi nezwi "umkhiqizo wokudla"). Ngokuvamile, irayisi, ama-noodle noma i-mantau (isinkwa esiyindilinga, isisindo) esilandela izitsha ezivela emifino, inyama, inhlanzi noma ezinye izinto ezibizwa ngeKai (ngokwezwi "imifino"). Lo mqondo uhlukile kakhulu kulokho okuvame ukudliwa eNyakatho Yurophu nase-United States. Lapho, amaprotheni enyama noma ezilwane ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengesidlo esikhulu. Futhi eziningi zokudlela zaseMedithera zisekelwe pasta noma isitsha national couscous dish.
2. Ilayisi iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu izitsha eziningi zaseShayina. Kodwa-ke, ezingxenyeni eziningi zaseChina, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho, imikhiqizo yokusanhlamvu, njengama-noodle nama-buns, ama-steamed ayeningi kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isibonelo, ingxenye engeningizimu yeChina, lapho kusetshenziswa khona irayisi ukudla okubaluleke kakhulu. Naphezu kokubaluleka kwelayisi ekudleni kweShayina, akulungile ukucabanga ukuthi yilokho okuvamile ukudla amaShayina. Ilayisi ibhekwa njengesidlo esikhulu noma isithako sokupheka, kodwa kunezindlela zokupheka ezitsheni zaseShayina ezingahlangene nelayisi. Isibonelo, uthando lwesiShayina ukupheka nokudla isobho. Zingahluka ekubunjweni nasekuhambeni. Insipho ivame ukukhonzwa ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kokudla e-Southern China.
Ezitsha eziningi zokudla eChina, ukudla kuphekwe nge-bite (imifino, inyama, tofu), futhi nayo ilungele ukudla. Ngokwesiko, ngesiko lesiShayina, ukusetshenziswa kommese nomfoloko kubhekwa njengobunqunu, ngoba la "madivayisi" asetshenziswa njengezikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthathwa njengokungabi namandla kwezivakashi zokubamba izinsimbi futhi ngokushesha "ukubhubhisa" ukudla etafuleni. Ukuhlambalaza umpheki kuyakuba uma isidlo sakhe singathandeki, sijabule ucezu ngalunye, kodwa sithatha ngokushesha futhi sisheshe. AmaShayina awajwayele ukuveza imizwa ngokukhululekile mayelana nokudla. Ngisho noma isidlo sinamanzi noma siphuzo, asikho ozokhuluma iqiniso. Kuyinto emangalisa kakhulu, kodwa njengendlela yokubonga ngokwakhe umpheki ubheka indwangu yetafula engcolile etafuleni emva kokudla, okuqinisekisa ukuthi izivakashi zijabulela ukudla.
Inhlanzi, inkukhu noma inyama?
Inhlanzi, njengombuso, ilungiswa ngokuvumelana nemigodi yokudla yaseChina ngokuphelele. Yidla ngosizo lwezingubo ezikhethekile, ngokungafani namanye amakhemikhali, lapho inhlanzi iqhutshwa okokuqala emaphethini. Kuyinto engathandeki ukwenza lokhu, amaShayina avame ukucabanga, ngoba inhlanzi kufanele ibe yintsha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ezitolo zokudlela, abalindi bavame ukusebenzisa izinkezo ezimbili ngezinhlanzi, ngaphezu kwezinti, ukususa amathambo.
Inkukhu inyama yinye isidlo esithandwayo saseChina. Ubuye uthathe izicucu futhi uyingxenye yezitsha eziningi ezivela emifino. Inkukhu enezinyosi nelayisi - yilokho amaShayina avame ukukudla.
Inyama yengulube e-China inenzuzo yokwakheka ngokwezinto eziphathelene nezomnotho, ezenkolo nezokuzijabulisa. Umbala wenyama yengulube inyama namafutha, kanye nokunambitheka kwawo kanye nephunga layo kubhekwa njengokuthakazelisa kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ingulube iyadlula kakhulu kunenkomo.
I-Vegetarianism ayinto engavamile eChina, nakuba, eNtshonalanga, iyenziwa yingxenye encane yabantu. Imifino yamaShayina ayidli okuningi kwe-tofu, njengoba bekholelwa ngokungafanele eNtshonalanga. Lona umbono ongalungile. Iningi lama-vegetarian aseShayina amaBuddha. Uma uzama ukufunda isiShayina, uzobona ukuthi izitsha eziningi zemifino ezithandwayo empeleni ziqukethe inyama (ngokuvamile ingulube). Izingcezu zenyama zijwayele ukusetshenziselwa izitsha zokugcoba. Esikhathini saseChina isiBuddhist cuisine, kunezitsha eziningi zokudla zemifino ezingenalo inyama. Ekupheleni kwesidlo se-gala, njengomthetho, izitsha ezinomsoco zikhonjiswa, njengezithelo ezisikiwe noma isobho esishisayo.
Iziphuzo ukudla cuisine Chinese
Emasikweni aseShayina yendabuko, iziphuzo ezibandayo zibhekwa njengezilimaza ukugaya, ikakhulukazi uma zidla ukudla okushisayo. Ngakho izinto ezinjengamanzi e-ice noma iziphuzo ezithambile azitholakali ngenkathi bedla. Uma kunezinye iziphuzo ezikhishwayo, kungenzeka ukuthi zithathelwe itiye elishisayo noma amanzi ashisayo. Kukholelwa ukuthi itiye ikhuthaza ukugaya ukudla okunamafutha.
I-sauce ye-soya nama-soybean pastes
Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, abantu baseShayina bayakwazisa ukunamathela kwe-soybean ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo nomphumela we-antitoxic. Kakade ngekhulu le-7, ubuchwepheshe bulethwa eJapane naseKorea. Ngokuthuthuka kwayo kancane kancane, kwavela isobho soysi - uketshezi olukhulu lwe-soy nosawoti noma ukuvutshelwa kofulawa we-soy. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-sauces: i-sauce emnyama noma i-sauce enomsoco, enikeza izitsha ezimnandi umbala othile kanye nephunga elimnandi. Namuhla, i-soy sauce inqobile imingcele yaseChina futhi isetshenziselwa yonke indawo. I-sauce ye-Soy - i-antioxidant enamandla kunawo wonke - idlula kakhulu izindawo zewayini elibomvu futhi iqukethe i-vitamin C. I-soy sauce emnyama, ethandwa kakhulu eMpumalanga naseNingizimu-E-East Asia, ikwazi ngokugcwele ukuhlinzeka ngomphumela wokuguga kwamangqamuzana omuntu. Kulokhu, kuphumelela kakhulu kunewayini elibomvu ne-vithamini C. Le sauce ikhiqizwa ukuvutshelwa kusuka kwesoya, iqukethe izinto eziyi-10 ezisebenza kakhulu kunewayini elibomvu futhi izikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi ezingu-150 ezingaphezu kukavithamini C. unciphisa inqubo ye-oxidation emangqamuzaneni omuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-soy sauce yenza ngcono ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi ithuthukise ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhliziyo zenhliziyo nezinye izifo. Ungalisebenzisi kabi umsila we-soy, ngoba unokuqukethwe kasawoti ophakeme, futhi yilesi sizathu sokwanda kwengcindezi yegazi.
I-Ginger
Izimpande zalesi sitshalo esishisayo zibukhali, nge-flavour ekhethekile kanye nokuvutha okutshisayo. Ngemuva kwe-sauce ye-soy, lokhu kuyisiqholo esisetshenzisiwe kakhulu ekudlaleni kwe-Chinese. Isetshenziselwa ifomu elisha noma elomile, kanye nefolda ifomu.
I-Cinnamon
Sula amagxolo esitshalo salesi sihlahla esishisayo bese uyisebenzisa njengophodo oluqukethe amanzi. I-cinnamon inikeza izitsha ikakhulukazi ezinambithekisayo, ezivuthayo.
I-Carnation
Imikhakha iyimifino yezinkuni, eyomiswe ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile. Leli spice elimnandi kunazo zonke ekudlaleni kwamaShayina kanye namakhishi amanye amazwe.
Kuthiwani ngama-preservatives?
Ngeshwa, ukudla kwaseChina akusikho kubo. I-preservative evamile kakhulu i-E621. Leli glutamate le-sodium, elisetshenziselwa ukudla ukunambitheka futhi lengezwa njengepoda ukuze i-bouillon cubes, ibe yi-chips, ukudla okulula, izinongo ezihlukahlukene, amasoso we-soy, ama-sauces inyama, njll. I-E621 yi-enhancer ukunambitheka okuvame ukunikeza ukudla ukunambitheka okusawoti-omuncu-okumnandi. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni zokudlela zesiShayina, nakuba kuningi kulokho okuvamile ukudla amaShayina.
Kukhona into enjengokuthi "i-Chinese restaurant syndrome". Lona uhlobo lokuthembela kwi-sodium glutamate, esetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi zikhungo. Ezokudlela zesiShayina okokuqala emhlabeni zaqala ukusebenzisa i-glutamate ye-sodium. Ngemva kwesikhashana, izazi zaqala ukubona ukuhlobana phakathi kwekhanda, ukuqhuma, ukuxubana nezinye izikhalazo mayelana nesimo sempilo. Ngakho kwakukhona into ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Chinese restaurant syndrome". Ngokulandelayo konke lokhu kubangelwa i-glutamate ye-sodium. Cishe zonke ukudla ezitolo zokudlela zesiShayina zicebile kulokhu. Iqukethe inani elikhulu ikakhulukazi lezinhlanzi zasolwandle. Eminye yemiphumela yayo engalungile: ukukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela, izinkinga zamehlo, ukucasula kanye nobunzima ukugxila, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, kanye nokulimala kwengqondo.
Ekuhlolweni, amagundane athengiswa imikhiqizo ecebile ku-E621, futhi umphumela wawusobala - izinga elikhulu lokukhuluphala. I-glutamate sodium yabangela ukulimala kwe-hypothalamus nezinye izinto ezingavamile. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi i-glutamate ye-sodium ivuselela ukuphela kwesibindi emilwaneni yokuhlola, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuholela ekufeni kwayo.
Kodwa kuthiwani ngempilo?
Ukudla okuvamile kwesiShayina ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa kwemboni kwakusekelwe ikakhulukazi elayisi, kuhambisane nemifino emisha, kanye nemithombo yamaprotheni kwakukudla okunjengamafutha. Ukudla kwakunzima. Amafutha noshukela kwakuyizinto zokunethezeka okuyingxenye encane yabantu abangakwazi ukuyikhokhela. Kamuva, ukudla kwaseShayina kuyaqhubeka kucebile futhi kuhlukahlukene, okuholela emiphumeleni yempilo efanayo.
Ukungondleki kuyinkinga ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezisemaphandleni nasentshonalanga yezwe, kanti ukudla okungalingani kahle kuya ezindaweni eziningi ezisemaphandleni athuthukile. Ucwaningo ngo-2004 lwabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emadolobheni kwanda kwafika ku-38.4%. Kamuva, imigomo yokusetshenziswa kwayo yi-World Health Organization yashintshwa. Ukusetshenziswa okukodwa kwamafutha namaprotheni wesilwane kuyimbangela yezifo eziningi ezingapheli phakathi kwabantu baseShayina. Ngonyaka ka-2008, abantu abangu-22,8% banesisindo esikhulu, abangu-18,8% banomfutho wegazi ophakeme, inani labantu abanesifo sikashukela e-China liphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ngo-1959, amacala anesisindo somfutho wegazi aphezulu angama-5.9% kuphela.
Esifundweni esijulile esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Chinese Project", kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwezifo ezithile nokudla kwamaShayina. Ukwandiswa kokusetshenziswa kwamaprotheni wesilwane kuhlobene eduze nomdlavuza, isifo sikashukela, izifo zenhliziyo, futhi lokhu, kunalokho, kuxhomeke ekutheni isiko lokudla sase-Western esivela njalo, elivula indlela eya eChina.
EYurophu, abaningi abalandeli beChina - lokho amaShayina avame ukukudla, noma kunjalo, ahluke kakhulu emibonweni evamile evunyelwe. Ubuciko bokupheka eChina amakhulu eminyaka, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi sekushintshe kakhulu, ukuxuba ukudla kwaseYurophu nokudla kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni. I-cuisine yangempela yama-Chinese ibonakala kuphela ezindaweni ezikude zezwe ezindaweni zokudlela ezincane, kanye nasemakhaya aseShayina asebekhulile asebehlala eqinisweni emasikweni abo. Kodwa zimbalwa futhi zimbalwa, kodwa inani labathandi bokudla baseShayina liyakhula.