Izimbangela zokukhuluphala
Ukukhuluphala kungaba kokuzimela okuzimele kanye nesibonakaliso seqembu lezifo ezinezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nalabo okuyisifo esihamba phambili, njenge-Prader-Willi syndrome ne-Barde-Biddle syndrome. Kwezinye abantu ukukhuluphala kukhula ngokumelene nesifo sezifo ze-endocrine, kodwa zakha amaphesenti amancane alabo ababhekene nalesi simo. Lokhu kukhuluphala kuvame ukuhambisana nezinye izimpawu ezingabonwa futhi zilawulwe ngempumelelo, njenge-hypothyroidism ne-Cushing's syndrome. Kwezinye izimo, izinkinga ze-endocrine zenzeka ngenxa yokukhuluphala: zingasuswa ngokunciphisa isisindo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kulezi zimo nezinye eziningi, isisindo esiningi singumphumela wokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwenani elikhulu lama-khalori, okudlula izidingo zamandla ngamunye zomzimba. Phakathi kwezimbangela zokungalingani, kunezici eziningi, kufaka phakathi izakhi zofuzo ezithile, eziqukethe ukwaziswa okubekwe eceleni, kanye nezimo zokuziphatha kanye nezimo zemvelo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zici noma ngamunye wabo ngabanye uthola inani lamakholori asetshenzisiwe kanye / noma ukusetshenziswa kwabo, ngakho-ke ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu ngabanye ukukhuluphala. Ukuqonda izimbangela zokukhuluphala kunisiza ekukhetheni amaqhinga okuphatha okunengqondo.
Ukuze kutholakale ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, inkomba eyaziwa ngokuthi i-body mass index (BMI) isetshenziswa. Kubalwa njengokulinganisa kwesisindo kilogram kuya esigcawini sokukhula ngamamitha. I-BMI value engaphezu kuka-25 kg / m2 ibonisa ukuba khona kwesisindo esiningi, futhi nge-BMI engaphezu kuka-30 kg / m2, kutholakala ukukhuluphala. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akucabangi izinga lokuqeqeshwa kwezemidlalo, ngakho-ke uma usebenzisa i-BMI kuphela ukuxilonga ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, abantu abanemisipha ethuthukile bangatholakala ngokungafanelekile. Kunezindlela ezinembile kakhulu zokuthola ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ngokusekelwe ekuhloleni kwamafutha omzimba, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwabo kunqunyelwe ezibhedlela nezikhungo zocwaningo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulinganisa okulula kwesigqoko sesisindo kuvumela umuntu ukuba alinganise inani lesisindo esiswini esiswini futhi ahlole ingozi yempilo ehambisana nokukhuluphala:
• Ingozi eyanda. Amadoda: - 94 cm Abesifazane: - 80 cm.
• Ingozi enkulu. Amadoda: - 102 cm Abesifazane: - 88 cm.
Ukufa kokufa kusenesikhathi kubantu abanamafutha uma kuqhathaniswa nokwanda okunamandla izikhathi ezingu-2-3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuluphala kuhlobene eduze nezinye izifo ezingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu: ukuphazamiseka kwemithi, ukukhubazeka kwesistimu ye-musculoskeletal kanye nezinguquko esimweni sengqondo.
Izinkinga
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, i-hyperlipidemia kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kuhlotshaniswa ngokuqondile nokuqhathanisa ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi uma izicubu ezinamafutha zikhona endaweni yesisu. Ingozi ethile empilweni yukuthi ukukhuluphala kunandisa amathuba okuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela esinesifo sikashukela. Ingozi yokuthuthukisa lesi sifo emadodeni aphethe i-BMI engaphezu kuka-30 kg / m2 yanda cishe ngo-13 uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abanalesi sigamu se-22 kg / m2. Kwabesifazane abanezinkomba ezifanayo, kwanda izikhathi ezingu-20. Izifo ezinjenge-stroke, i-cholelithiasis, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza (umdlavuza webele kanye nekolon), kanye nezinkinga zesistimu yokuzala, njenge-polycystic ovary syndrome kanye nokungazalwa, nazo zivame kakhulu kubantu abathandekayo.
Kunciphise ikhwalithi yokuphila
Izifo zesimiso se-musculoskeletal, ezifana ne-osteoarthritis kanye nobuhlungu obungapheli obuhlungu emuva, kanye nokuphefumula, okungajwayelekile ukusongela impilo yesiguli, kodwa kubangelwa ukuvinjelwa okungenakuzithandela komsebenzi wokukhubazeka, amandla okukhubazeka ukusebenza kanye nokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yokuphila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abagcwele ubuthongo bavame ukuzwa i-apnea (ukuboshwa okuphefumula okungapheli).
Umphumela wokukhuluphala emoyeni
Ukukhuluphala kunomthelela ekuguquleni isimo sengqondo somuntu: ngokwayo, akubangeli izinkinga ezingokwengqondo, kodwa ubandlululo lomphakathi oluhambisana nokukhuluphala ngokweqile kungaholela ekuthuthukiseni ukucindezeleka nokunciphisa ukuzethemba kwabantu abanamafutha, ikakhulukazi labo ababhekene nokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Kwezinye izimo lokhu kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni inzuzo yesisindo kanye nezinguquko esimweni sengqondo. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyisifo esingathí sina esiyandisa kakhulu umthwalo emzimbeni. Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kweziguli ezithwala ukukhuluphala, kuthuthukisa kakhulu impilo yabo. Umphumela omuhle wokwelashwa kwesiguli ngasinye ngabanye kuxhomeke esisiswini somzimba sokuqala, impilo yonke, inani lamakhilogremu anqotshiwe kanye nohlobo lwezokwelapha. Iningi leziguli ezilahlekelwa isisindo ngempumelelo futhi zisekele ezingeni elithile, ziqaphele ukuthuthukiswa komzimba ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona kuphela inani elincane lemininingwane ebonisa ukuthi ukulahleka kwesisindo esifushane, ngemuva kwalokho isiguli sithola amaphilisi engeziwe, ngcono impilo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukushintshwa kwezikhathi zokwehla kwesisindo nokunyuka okulandelayo kweziguli kungabhekwa njengokuhluleka futhi kulahlekelwe ukuzethemba.
Isisekelo sezo zonke izindlela zokulahlekelwa isisindo ukunciphisa inani lamakholori asetshenzisiwe. Ukwelashwa kungaba isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke iziguli ezidlulayo zidinga ukwesekwa kwengqondo kanye neseluleko sikadokotela ekushintsheni ukudla nokuphila. Ukulahlekelwa isisindo kuwumsebenzi onzima. Umphumela omuhle ungafinyelelwa kuphela uma isikhathi eside ukusetshenziswa kwamakholori kudlulela ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Iningi labantu lithatha isisindo iminyaka eminingi, ngakho inqubo yokunciphisa ayikwazi ukushesha. Ukwehluleka kwekhalori ye-diurnal ye-kcal 500, okunconywa yizifo eziningi zokudla, kukuvumela ukuba ulahlekelwe isisindo ngezinga lika-0.5 kg ngesonto. Ngakho, kuthatha unyaka ukulahla i-23 kg. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi "ukudla okunciphisa umzimba" kanengi kungenasisekelo, ngoba izikhathi zokuzila ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa kwazo zivame ukushintsha ngezikhathi zokudla ngokweqile, okungahambisani nemiphumela etholakalayo. Umgomo wokwelapha ukuguqula ukusungulwa nokuthola nokuqinisa imikhuba emisha nokuziphatha ngokuphathelene nokudla kanye nokusebenza komzimba.
Izinhloso
Abantu abaningi baphumelela imiphumela emihle uma bebeka imigomo embalwa yesikhathi esifushane. Nakuba ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo phakathi kwamasonto amabili okuqala okudliwayo kungase kwenzeke ngokushesha, kungokoqobo ukugxila ekuqedeni i-1 kg ngesonto. Kubantu abaningi, kuyindlela ebonakalayo yokufeza isisindo ngo-5-10% wesisindo somzimba sokuqala. Kuyasiza futhi ukusetha imigomo hhayi ngokusho kokulahlekelwa isisindo kuphela. Ukugxila ekunciphiseni izimpawu ezifana ne-dyspnoea lapho ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, noma ukufeza imigomo yomuntu (isibonelo, ukudla noma ukuzivocavoca) kungashukumisa, ikakhulukazi lapho inqubo yokulahlekelwa isisindo ihamba kancane. Zonke izindlela zokwelapha ngokweqile zisekelwe ekunciphiseni inani lamakholori asetshenzisiwe. Njengoba kunikezwa ukuthi abantu abadliwayo badla amandla amaningi kunamathole, akusizi ngalutho ukunciphisa ikhalori engaphansi kwe-1200 kcal yabesifazane nabangu-1500 ngamadoda. Ukunamathela ekudleni okunjalo isikhathi eside kunzima kakhulu. Indlela enhle kunazo zonke yokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-caloric kokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-fat, okukuvumela ukuba ugcine inani lokudla elidliwe. Izingxenye zingancishiswa ngokusebenzisa amapulethi amancane kunesayizi evamile.
Izinguquko zesikhathi eside
Ukwenqaba isikhathi eside ukudla okujwayelekile kunzima ukubekezelela, ngakho-ke iziguli zidinga ukwesekwa kwengqondo nezeluleko ezisebenzayo ekukhethweni kwemikhiqizo emisha nezindlela zokulungiselela, kanye nokudla. Eminyakeni edlule, sesijwayele isiko esithile sokudla kanye nendlela yokuphila. Izinhlelo eziningi zokwelapha ngokweqile zihlanganisa ushintsho emikhuba emihle, ehlose ukukhomba izimfundiso ezingalungile mayelana nezindlela zokudla noma umsebenzi wokuzikhandla futhi ubeke esikhundleni sabo kulabo abadinga ukulawula isisindo. Isibonelo, ukuntuleka kokudla emkhakheni wombono kunomthelela ekunciphiseni kokudla, kanti ukwanda kwezinga lomsebenzi womzimba ukuhamba ukuya emsebenzini. Ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngosizo lokuzivocavoca umzimba kunzima kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, zikhonza njengendlela evelele kakhulu ekudleni, ngoba zivimbela ukulahlekelwa kwamathambo angewona amafutha ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunciphisa ukuncipha kwamafutha omzimba. Ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba kunciphisa ukunciphisa umzimba, okuvame ukuhambisana nenqubo yokulahlekelwa isisindo, futhi kusiza ukushisa amakholori engeziwe. Idatha etholakalayo ibonisa ukuthi abantu abahlale behlanganyela emidlalweni kungenzeka ukuthi bangabi nesisindo uma behlehlisiwe kunelabo abangahlanganyeli ezemidlalo. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kukhuthaza nokuqeqeshwa kwenqubo yesifo senhliziyo nokunciphisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela. Ithemba lokuzivocavoca umzimba kubantu abaningi abakhuluphele ngokweqile kubonakala besabisa. Nokho, ngisho nemithwalo elinganiselayo ingasebenzisa kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi ukwandisa umsebenzi womzimba, udinga nje ukuqala ukuchitha isikhathi esincane uhlezi embhedeni. Muva nje, isithakazelo ekuthuthukiseni izindlela zokwelapha ukuphathwa ngokweqile kancane kancane. Nokho, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kusekela noma kuthuthukisa imiphumela yokushintsha ngokuzithandela kwemikhuba esungulwe futhi akufaki isidingo sokushintsha nokushintsha kokuphila.
Njengamanje, i-orlistat yezidakamizwa isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuphatha ukukhuluphala. Le mithi isetshenziselwa kuphela lapho ukuxilongwa "kokukhuluphala" kwabekwa udokotela, kanti isiguli singaphansi kokuqondiswa kwakhe. Isimiso salesi sidakamizwa sisekelwe ekuvinjeni ukuhlanza nokumunwa kwamafutha avela ekudleni; kuyilapho amaphesenti angu-30 alawo mafutha aphethwe ngamafutha. Iziguli ezinezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokukhuluphala futhi ingozi enkulu empilweni kuboniswa ukwelashwa okuhlinzekwa, okufaka umgomo wokudala isithiyo somshini ezakhiweni ezingena emzimbeni ngokudla. Kulezi zinhlobonhlobo zokwelashwa kokukhuluphala kuhlanganisa ukuvuselelwa kwesisu nesisu somzimba, okuholela ekunciphiseni inani lokudla okudliwe noma ukwehla ekutheni ukondle izakhi emathunjini amancane. Ukwelashwa okuhlinzekwa kwenziwa kuphela ngezizathu zezokwelapha. Ungayithinti imiphumela emibi yalolu hlobo lwezokwelapha: ukungenelela okunjalo kufanele kuphela inombolo encane yeziguli ezithola ukwelashwa ezindaweni ezikhethekile. Inamba yabantu abahlushwa ukukhuluphala ikhula njalo, kodwa lesi sifo singelashwa noma sivimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwayo. Ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwamanoni nokwandisa inani lezithelo nemifino ekudleni kunomthelela ekunciphiseni ingozi yokukhuluphala, kanye nezifo ezihlobene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcinwa kwempilo enhle nokulawulwa kwesisindo kusebenza ngokusebenza ngokomzimba.