Ukulala nokubaluleka kwayo empilweni

Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yokuphila esichitha ephusheni. Noma kunjalo, ubude bokulala buhlukahluka kulo lonke impilo futhi kuhluke kubantwana nakubantu abadala. Ukulala nokubaluleka kokugcina impilo kuyisici esibalulekile namuhla.

Ukulala yisimo somzimba esihambisana nokuvimbela ukuqonda nokunciphisa umzimba. Ephusheni, sichitha cishe ingxenye yesithathu yokuphila. Ukulala yingxenye ebalulekile yomculo ojwayelekile futhi ngokuvamile uthatha ubusuku bonke.

Isikhathi sokulala

Ukulala nokuguquka kwamaphethini kushintshana ngobudala. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zivame ukulala amahora angu-16 ngosuku, futhi ukondla kwenzeka njalo amahora amane. Lapho unyaka unyaka umntwana ulele cishe amahora angu-14 ngosuku, futhi eneminyaka engu-5 ubudala - amahora angu-12. Ukulinganisa ubude bokulala kwezingane ezisencane cishe ngamahora angu-7.5. Uma umuntu enikezwa ithuba lokulala, ke ulala cishe isilinganiso samahora amabili. Ngisho lapho kungabikho ukulala izinsuku ezimbalwa, umuntu angavamile ukulala amahora angama-17-18 ngokulandelana. Njengomthetho, owesifazane udinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokulala kunendoda. Ubude bokulala nobudala buyancipha ngeminyaka engama-30 kuya kwengu-55 futhi kwanda kancane emva kweminyaka engama-65. Ngokuvamile abantu asebekhulile baxoshwa ebusuku ebusuku kunabasha, kodwa bathola isikhathi esingekho ngenxa yokulala kwansuku zonke.

Isifo sokulala

Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayisithupha uhlushwa izifo zokulala, ezinomthelela omubi empilweni yansuku zonke. Ngokuvamile abantu bakhononda ukulala: abakwazi ukulala ebusuku, futhi phakathi nosuku abalele futhi bekhathele. Lapho eseyingane, ngokuvamile kuneziqephu zokulala (ukuhamba ephusheni), ezibhekwa ezinganeni ezingama-20% ezineminyaka emihlanu kuya ku-5-7. Ngenhlanhla, iningi "elingaphandle" lokulala, futhi kubantu abadala lokhu okungajwayelekile.

Izinguquko ngesikhathi sokulala

Ngesikhathi sokulala emzimbeni wethu kunezinguquko eziningi zomzimba:

• ukwehlisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi;

• ukunciphisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokushisa komzimba;

• ukuphuza ukuphefumula;

• ukunyakaza kwe-peripheral kwanda;

• kusebenze umzila wamathumbu;

• ukuphumula kwemisipha;

• ukunciphisa umzimba wesifo samathambo ngama-20%. Umsebenzi wethu uxhomeke ekushiseni komzimba, okushintsha phakathi nosuku. Ukushisa komzimba okuphansi kunazo zonke kubhalwa phakathi kuka-4 no-6: 00 ekuseni.

Abantu abavuka ngokukhululekile, izinga lokushisa lomzimba liqala ukuphakama ngo-3 ekuseni kunomzimba ongaphezu kuka-5 ekuseni. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kubantu abalala ngokungazelelwe, izinga lokushisa lomzimba liqala ukuphakama cishe ngo-9 ekuseni. Uma indoda nowesifazane abahlala ndawonye benomsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu ngezikhathi ezahlukene zosuku (umlingani oyedwa ekuseni, omunye kusihlwa), kungase kube khona izingxabano kulezi zibili.

Izigaba zokulala

Kunezigaba ezimbili zokulala: isigaba sokulala okusheshayo (okuthiwa yi-KSh-sleep) nesigaba sokulala okujulile (okungewona u-Yash-ukulala). Isigaba sokulala okusheshayo sibizwa nangokuthi isigaba sokunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo, njengoba kuhambisane nokunyakaza okusebenzayo kwe-eyeballs ngaphansi kwamajwabu amehlo avaliwe. Ebusuku, umsebenzi wobuchopho ungashintshashintsha ukusuka kwesinye isigaba sokulala kwesinye. Ukulala, singena esigabeni sokuqala sesigaba sokulala okujulile futhi kancane kancane sifinyelele esigabeni sesine. Ngesigaba ngasinye esilandelayo, ubuthongo buba bunzulu. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-70-90 ngemva kokulala, kunesigaba sokunyakaza kwe-eye okusheshayo, okugcina imizuzu engaba ngu-10. Esigabeni sokulala kwe-REM, lapho sibona khona amaphupho, idatha yomsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho ifana nalabo abathintekayo ngesikhathi sokuvuka. Imisipha yomzimba ikhululekile, engasivumeli ukuba "sihlanganyele" emaphupheni ethu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukusakaza kwe-cerebral kuthuthukisa.

Kungani sidinga iphupho?

Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka abantu baye bazibuza: Kungani sidinga iphupho? Ukulala okunempilo kungenye yezidingo zabantu eziyisisekelo. Abantu abangazange balale izinsuku ezimbalwa ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, babe nezimpawu ze-paranoia, i-visual and audition hallucinations. Enye yezinkolelo ezenzelwe ukufakazela isidingo sokulala isekelwe ukuthi ubuthongo busisiza ukuba sigcine amandla: ukuguquka kwamandla kwansuku zonke kuphindwe izikhathi ezine ngaphezu kokusondeka kwamanzi ebusuku. Enye imibono ibonisa ukuthi ukulala kusiza umzimba ukuba ululame. Ngokwesibonelo, esigabeni sokulala okujulile, kukhululwa i-hormone yokukhula, okuqinisekisa ukuvuselelwa kwezitho nezicubu, njengegazi, isibindi nesikhumba. Ukulala nakho kusiza umsebenzi wesimiso somzimba. Lokhu kungachaza isidingo esengeziwe sokulala ezifweni ezithathelwanayo, ezifana nomkhuhlane. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukulala kukuvumela ukuba "uqeqe" izindlela ezingavamile zokudluliselwa kwemizwa, ezixhunywe yi-synapses (lezi zikhathi ezincane phakathi kwezinzwa lapho izidakamizwa zithinta khona).

Ukuphupha

Emhlabeni kukhona amasiko ambalwa nje angafanisi ukubaluleka amaphupho. Izihloko zamaphupho zihlukile: kusukela ezimweni zansuku zonke kuya ezindabeni ezimangalisa nezesabekayo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amaphupho avela esigabeni sokulala okusheshayo, okuhlala kubantu abadala ngokujwayelekile ngamahora ama-1.5, futhi kubantwana-amahora angu-8. Mayelana nalokhu, kungacatshangwa ukuthi amaphupho anomthelela othile ebuchosheni, ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kwawo kanye nokwakhiwa koxhumano olusha phakathi kwamangqamuzana obuchopho. Isayensi yanamuhla ikuvumela ukuba urekhode futhi uhlaziye umkhondo wezinzuzo ze-bioelectric zobuchopho. Ephusheni, ubuchopho buhlela ukuhlangenwe nakho okwenziwe ngenkathi kuphakama, kugcina engqondweni amanye amaqiniso futhi "kuphazamisa" abanye. Kukholelwa ukuthi amaphupho abonakalisa lawo maqiniso "asuswe" ememori yethu. Mhlawumbe, amaphupho asisiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Esinye isifundo, ngaphambi nje kokulala, abafundi banikezwa umsebenzi. Ososayensi baqaphela izigaba zokulala. Izingxenye zabafundi ezivunyelwe ukulala ngaphandle kokuvuka, abanye bevusa ukubonakala kwezibonakaliso zokuqala zokuphupha. Kutholakale ukuthi abafundi, bavusa ngesikhathi samaphupho, bazi kahle ukuthi bangaxazulula kanjani umsebenzi abawunikwe.