Enye yezinqubo zokuqala zokuxilonga udokotela asinike yona yi-test jikelele yegazi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungani ikheli lethu kudokotela cishe noma yikuphi okukhethekile, senza njalo lokhu kuhlaziywa. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi igazi lingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Ingena cishe zonke izitho nezicubu. Futhi ngokushesha ushintsha ukubunjwa kwalo ekuphenduleni noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kubo.
Izinkomba eziyinhloko ezihlolwe ekuhloleni kwegazi jikelele yizi:
- Isibalo se-erythrocyte
- i-hemoglobin concentration
- Inkomba yombala (CPU)
- i-hematocrit
- isibalo seplatelet
- inani lama-leukocytes
- i-leukocyte formula
- isilinganiso se-erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR)
Ama-erythrocytes
Noma, njengoba kubizwa nangokuthi, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, yizinto eziyinhloko zegazi lethu. Inani labo livamile kubantu besifazane namadoda ahlukile. Kwabesifazane: 3,5 - 5,5, nasesilisa: 4,5 - 5,5 trillion ngalinye ilitha legazi. Ukuncipha kwenani labo kubizwa ngokuthi i-oligocytic anemia. Kungenzeka ngenxa ye-hematopoiesis engafanele noma ukulahlekelwa igazi okungapheli.
I-hemoglobin
Lesi sakhi, esitholakala kumaseli abomvu wegazi futhi senza umsebenzi obaluleke kunazo zonke wegazi - ukudluliselwa kwe-oxygen emaphashini kuya kwezinye izitho, kanye ne-carbon dioxide emaphashini. Ngokujwayelekile, isibalo sabesifazane singama-120-150, futhi samadoda: 130-160 amagremu ngalinye ilitha legazi. I-hemoglobin ephansi ichaza ukuthi igazi ngeke "libophe" futhi lilethe oksijini okwanele emahlambeni. Lokhu kuvame ukubhekana ne-anemia.
Umbala we-metric
Lokhu kuyinani elikhombisa isilinganiso sama-erythrocyte ne-hemoglobin, isb. mangaki amangqamuzana egazi abomvu agcwele i-hemoglobin. Ngokuvamile, inkomba isendaweni yobubanzi buka-0.85 - 1.05. Umbala ophezulu obala ungabonisa ukuntuleka kwamaseli abomvu abomvu endaweni ejwayelekile ye-hemoglobin. Khona-ke i-erythrocytes ivuleka "inqwabelene" ne-hemoglobin. Lokhu kwenzeka, isibonelo, nge-folic ne-B-12 ukuntuleka kwegazi. Ukunciphisa inkomba yombala kubonisa ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi awagcwala ngokuphelele i-hemoglobin. Lokhu kwenzeka uma kukhona ukwephulwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin. Isibonelo, nge-iron deficiency anemia.
Hematocrit
Lesi isilinganiso esiphakathi kwamaseli egazi (izakhi ezifakiwe) nomswakama (i-plasma). Ngokuvamile, i-hematocrit ihluka phakathi kuka-36 no-42% kwabesifazane nabangu-40 - 48% emadodeni. Ukwanda kwenkomba kubizwa ngokuthi i-hemoconcentration ("ukuqina" kwegazi), futhi ukwehla kuthiwa i-hemodilution ("dilution" yegazi).
Platelets
La maseli egazi anesibopho sokuqhafaza igazi lapho kwenzeka ukulimala kwamathambo. Ngokuvamile, zinamabhiliyoni angu-150 kuya ku-450 kulelo lita legazi. Ukunciphisa inani lamaplatelets (thrombocytopenia) kuholela ekuphuleni kwegazi lokuvala. Futhi ukwanda kungaba uphawu lwe-tumor yegazi.
Ama-leukocytes
La maseli enza imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yegazi, ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa komzimba. Kubantu abanempilo, le nkhomba ibhekene namangqamuzana angu-4 kuya ku-9 amabiliyoni ngalinye ilitha legazi. Ukuncipha kwesibalo segazi elimhlophe kubonisa ukuphulwa komkhiqizo wabo (lokhu kwenzeka uma umthelela we-bone umthelela), nokukhuphuka - ngesifo esibangele ukuvuvukala. Ukwanda okukhulu kwe-leukocytes (izinqwaba eziningana noma amakhulu) kwenzeka nge-tumor yegazi.
Ifomula Leukocyte
Lokhu kuyisethi yezinkomba ezibonisa iphesenti yelinye uhlobo lwe-leukocyte. Lezi noma ezinye iziphambano ezifomini ze-leukocyte zikhombisa izici zenqubo ye-pathological eyenzeka emzimbeni. Isibonelo, uma okuqukethwe kwe-neutrophils kwanda, khona-ke singakwazi ukukhuluma ngesimo sebhaktheriya sesifo, futhi uma i-lymphocytes - mayelana negciwane. Ukwanda kwama-eosinophils kubonisa ukuthi kaningi ukuphendula okwenyukayo, ama-basophil - ezithombeni zegazi, kanye ne-monocytes - ekutheleleni okubangelwa amagciwane.
Isilinganiso sedimentation se-Erythrocyte
Lona izinga lapho amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ahlala khona phansi kwe-tube yokuhlola ngegazi. Kumuntu onempilo, kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-10 mm / h, nakwesifazane: kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-15 mm / h. Ukwanda kwenkomba kubonisa ukuthi ukuvuvukala.
Akufanele likhohlwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuhlolisisa kahle ngokuhlaziywa kwegazi kuphela. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubalulekile ukucabangela inamba yedatha yokuxilonga. Kuhlangene, udokotela kuphela ongazihlola ngokufanele.