Ukuhlolwa kwe-joint
Ekuhlolweni komtholampilo wezinhlungu ezibuhlungu ekuhlanganyeleni, udokotela uhlola isimo nesimo somlenze, ivolumu ye-hip, isimo somgudu wamapliteal kanye nemisipha yomlenze, ubhala ukutholakala kokubomvu, umkhuhlane wendawo, noma ukuvuvukala; ucubungula umqondo wesiguli (uma ehamba), uqhathanisa ubude bomilenze. Khona-ke udokotela uhlola inani lokunyakaza okungahambi kahle ekuhlanganyeleni nasekuqineni kwalo. Esikhathini esizayo, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lomonakalo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-X-ray nezindlela zokuhlinzwa.
Izimpawu Ezivamile
Izimpawu ezisemqoka zokulimala ngamadolo zibuhlungu nokuvuvukala. Kwezinye izimo, isikhumba sikhombisa izibhamu nokubomvu. Nge-palpation, i-bone displacement ingatholakala, kanye nokungazinzi noma ukungenakwenzeka kokwandiswa okugcwele kwejoyina. Ezinye izibonakaliso zomtholampilo zingase zibonise inqubo engapheli eyandulela isifo sofuba. Isibonelo, ukukhubazeka kwe-X kanye no-O emilenzeni, ukuhlanganiswa kwamadolo okudlulela ngokweqile kubonakala ekuhluphekeni kokukhula, i-arthritis, i-poliomyelitis noma i-rickets.
• Ngokuvamile amagxili ehlangene alimala ngesikhathi semidlalo, njengokudlala ibhola. Ukulimala okuvame kakhulu kunama-fractures, amathambo ahlukaniswayo, i-ligament rupture kanye nokulimala kwabantu. Ngokuvamile, iziguli ngemuva kokulimala ngamadolo ziyangeniswa ekamelweni lokuphuthumayo ngokuvuvukala kwesigxobo esivumelwaneni, ukulimala kwe-meniscus kanye nokuqeda i-ligament. Udokotela uqhuba ukuhlolwa okulinganayo kwamadolo esikhundleni sesiguli esilele ngemuva kwakhe. Ukuthola imbangela yobuhlungu futhi uhlole ivolumu yokunyakaza ekuhlanganyeleni okonakalisiwe, ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kuyasetshenziswa.
Ukuhlolwa
Ukuhlolwa kwamadolo kuqala ngokuhlolwa. Ukubomvu nokuvuvukala kokuhlanganiswa kubonisa ukuthi kukhona ukuvuvukala okukhulu. Futhi, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuhokhwe ekuthuthukiseni nasekuhlanganiseni kwezicubu.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Lapho kutholakala khona, kungenzeka ukuthola ukuthi ikhona i-edema (ukuqoqwa kwamanzi emathisini). Ukuvuvukala kwanoma iyiphi imvelaphi kubonisa umonakalo ohlangene futhi kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele.
Ukuhlolwa kweLachmann
Ukuzinza kwamadolo okuhlangene kunikezwa yizigxobo ezibalulekile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Lahman kwangaphambi nangemuva kwembula kwembula izinyembezi zegciwane elibhekene ne-anterior ne-posterior, ngokulandelana.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-McMurray
Ukuhlolwa kweMcMurray kwembula ikhefu kumadoda. Udokotela ujikeleza okungaphezu kwe-tibia ehlobene ne-hip futhi kancane kancane aguqe amadolo. Uma i-meniscus ibonakalisiwe, ubuhlungu buba khona.
Isandiso
Umthamo wokunyakaza okusebenzayo nokungapheli ohlangothini lwamadolo kuhlolwa. Ukuvinjelwa komthamo wokunyakaza kubonisa ukuvinjelwa kwamadolo noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha ye-quadriceps.
Bending
Ukuqoqwa kwama-exudate kuholela ekunciphiseni ukunyakaza kwe-flyxion emadolweni. Ukulimala emigqumeni yezinto ezithengiswayo kungatholakaliswa ngokuguquguquka kwamadolo ahlangene ngama-degree angu-30 ngokukhuliswa okulandelayo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray
Ukuhlolwa kwe-X kungabonisa ukwehlukana, isibonelo, ukuphazamiseka kwe-patellar, ukuhlukaniswa kwegazi kanye ne-arthritis. Ngaphezu kwesilinganiso (i-anteroposterior ne-lateral), ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okungeziwe kungasetshenziswa.
I-Puncture
I-synovial fluid iyahlolwa ukuze ihlolwe ngamadolo. Ukubuthana kwamadolo kuhlangene ngosizo lensiza ekhethekile, okufakwa emgodleni owenziwa ngesikhumba ngokukhishwa kwesikhumba. Uma izinga lokulimala emadolweni elihlangene lingenakulinganiswa ngokuhlolwa komgomo, izindlela ezengeziwe zisetshenziselwa: Ukuhlolwa kwe-arthroscopy yamadolo usebenzisa i-instrument ekhethekile yokukhanya. Ivumela ukuthola ukukhishwa kwamadoda kanye nokutholakala kwemizimba yamahhala ekhululekile emgodleni ohlangene. Ngosizo lwe-arthroscope, kungenzeka ukukhipha izidumbu zamahhala futhi ubuyisele ubuqotho be-menisci. I-MRI (i-imagination magnontic resonance) ingabona ukulimala kwezicubu ezithambile ze-joint kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okusolwayo.