Ukulimaza izitsha ezilahlayo

Engxenyeni yaseRussia kungekudala izitsha zasepulasitiki ezilahlayo, futhi ngokupakishwa kokudla okuhlukahlukene kwakuyi-rarity. Kwakukhona isikhathi lapho zonke izitolo zifakwa ezitolo ezitholakala ephepheni noma ephepheni elimhlophe lokugqoka okwakulikhulu. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyinto evamile, kahle, sasivame ukucabangela amaphakheji okudla okujwayelekile, amaphakheji, iziqukathi zeplastiki. Sekuyisikhathi eside sijwayele izitsha ezilahlwayo ezonothileyo, ezilula futhi ezingabizi. Futhi nakuba abaningi bethu bengazi ngomonakalo wezidlo ezilahlwayo, noma bazi, kodwa abafuni ukucabanga ngalokhu.

Namuhla cishe zonke izindlu zinezinombolo ezimbalwa zeplastiki, izitsha ezilahlwayo. Isibonelo, kungekudala kakhulu epikinikini bathatha ingilazi evamile, ingilazi, izitsha zensimbi, futhi emva kokuphumula kwakudingeka babuyiselwe ekhaya futhi bahlanzwe kahle. Lokhu kwakunqotshwe kakhulu ukuphumula komsindisi.

Umlando we-tabletware etholakalayo

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, i-tableware elahlayo yabonakala e-USA. Ekuqaleni, kwakhiwa izindebe kuphela zephepha, kamuva baqala ukwenza izinkezo, amapuleti, imimese, amafoloko. Futhi ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950, lapho kuqaliswa ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi izitsha ezilahlwayo, izinto zokwakha amapolisi zaqala ukufaka esikhundleni sephepha. Noma kunjalo, abakhiqizi banamuhla babuyela ekukhiqizeni izitsha zamaphepha, ngoba kuphephile futhi akuyona into enobuthi.

Izwe lethu laqala ukukhiqiza izitsha ezilahlwa ngamapube, kodwa ikhwalithi nokubukeka kwasala okufisa ukufunwa, isibonelo, ukuphuza ikhofi eshisayo futhi ungashisi, kwakudingeka ufake enye indebe kwenye.

E-USSR kwakukhona izikhungo ezimbalwa zokudla okusheshayo, ngakho-ke kwakungekho isidingo sezinto ezilahlwayo. Ngemva kwesikhathi, noma kunalokho phakathi neminyaka ka-1990, iRussia yaqala ukukhiqiza izitsha zamaphepha nepulasitiki ezilahlekile, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngekhwalithi engaphansi kweYurophu neMelika.

Ukuphepha, ikhwalithi, izakhiwo zabathengi - lezi yizidingo eziyinhloko ezethulwa izitsha ezilahlwa namuhla.

Isitsha sezinto zepulasitiki

Phakathi nenqubo yokwenza i-polymerization yezinto, ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ukufeza ukuthi wonke ama-molecule aye afinyelele usayizi odingekayo, ngakho-ke amanye ama-molecule asebenzayo, okusho ukuthi angangena kokuqukethwe izitsha, bese engena emzimbeni womuntu. Inqubo ishesha uma itiye elishisayo noma ikhofi ithululelwa ezitsheni ezinjalo, kusetshenziswe ukudla okushisayo.

Eminye imikhiqizo yepulasitiki iqukethe amasafula ezinsimbi ezisindayo, izilonda eziyingozi, nezinye izinto ezinobuthi, lapho, lapho zifudumala, zingena emzimbeni wethu, futhi ngokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe, ngisho nangaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, akusekho okufanele usebenzise izitsha ezilahlwayo.

Izitsha ze-Acrylic ne-styrene azibizi futhi zicabange ukuthi ayinakuqedwa. Nokho, ngokusebenza, izitsha ze-styrene zivame ukwehla. Izitsha ezinjalo zingasetshenziswa kabusha, zingahlanzwa ngesandla noma ku-daishisher, kodwa ayikwazi ukufakwa kuhhavini ye-microwave.

I-polypropylene yinto engabizi kakhulu esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa izitsha. Izitsha ezivela kulezi zinto zingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa kuze kufike ku-100 o C. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-picnics, amaqembu kanye nezinye izenzakalo ezihlelwe emoyeni omusha. Izitsha ezinjalo zihlanjululwa kahle ngesandla, kodwa kungenzeka ku-daishisher. I-polypropylene izitsha zingasetshenziswa futhi kuhhavini ye-microwave.

I-Polycarbonate yizinto eziphakeme kakhulu nezindleko (kubiza izikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi ezingu-5-6). Kulezi zibuko zokuphuza utshwala zenziwe. Izitsha zePolycarbonate zingasuswa futhi zisetshenziswe kuhhavini ye-microwave.

Izitsha ezenziwe nge-polystyrene ziyakwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuhlukene, futhi, njengokungumthetho, kukhona ukufaka uphawu olufanayo kulo, kodwa ngokuvamile izinto ezinjalo zihloselwe imikhiqizo ebandayo.

I-polystyrene enezinyosi zokushisa isisimeme kakhulu: kulezi zitsha ungatshela ukudla okushisayo noma itiye, kanti njengoba ukushisa komzimba kuhlupheka, ngeke kushise izandla zakho. Izitsha ezinjalo zilula ukuhlanza ku-lawashisishi, zingasetshenziswa kuhhavini ye-microwave.

I-melamine embonini yamakhemikhali, njengoba kuyaziwa, kutholakala izinhlobo eziningi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-formaldehyde resin. Ezitsheni ezenziwe nge-melamine, ngokuvamile kuvame ukuba nesimiso esikhulu se-formaldehyde, esinobuthi kubantu, futhi ngokuvamile okuqukethwe kwalesi sidakamizwa kudlulele isimiso esivunyelwe ngezikhathi eziningi. Izitsha ezivela ku-melamine ngokwabo ziyingozi futhi zithinta umzimba ngokungathandeki, ngakho-ke ngisho nabakhiqizi baphatha ngezinye izikhathi ukungeza kuwo njenge-asbestos yamandla, engabangela ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza. Yingakho ukukhiqizwa kwehluleka ukusebenzisa i-asbestos. Futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi uthele izinto ezinjalo okushisayo, ngakho-ke i-formaldehyde iqala ukwabiwa. Imidwebo yezingubo ezinje kufanele igcinwe ngezindleko zepende, lapho kuholwa khona ukuhola.

Izitsha zesikhathi esisodwa zenziwe nge-polyvinyl chloride. Izinzuzo zalesi sihloko - akulula, ziqinile, azibizi, zifanelekile ezimweni ezahlukene futhi zihlanzeke kalula. Kodwa asikwaziswa mayelana nokungahambisani nokungcola kwe-polyvinyl chloride ngabakhiqizi: le nto ihlakazeka masinyane uma isiphuzo sithelelwa ebhodleleni lala mazwi, khona-ke ubuthi buzofaka ngokushesha kuwo, bese kuthi lezi zidakamizwa zingene emzimbeni wethu.

Futhi nakuba odokotela bethi lokhu akuyingozi emzimbeni wethu, noma kunjalo, ngokubamba ama-milligrams we-toxins nsuku zonke, umuntu akanakuziqaphela ukuthi lezo zifo eziyingozi ziye zavela. Ekugcineni, noma yiziphi izitsha zepulasitiki eziphazamisa impilo yethu. Ukusetshenziswa okungavamile kwezinkinga ezibonakalayo akubangelwa.

Futhi igama elithi "i-tableware elilahlwayo" likhuluma ngokwayo, lihloselwe ukusetshenziswa okubumbene, kodwa hhayi njengokuphindaphindiwe. Kodwa, ngeshwa, abalingani bethu abakhokhi ngalokhu. Izitsha ezinjalo kufanele zilahlwe ngokushesha emva kokusetshenziswa kokuqala, ngoba zenzelwe le njongo.

Abakhiqizi abanomsoco emikhiqizweni yabo bazofaka uphawu, futhi izitsha zepulasitiki azihlukile, kufanele nje zifunde ukuqonda lokho okushiwo. Isibonelo, i-PS ithi izitsha zenziwe nge-polystyrene, ngakho-ke, akufanele zisetshenziswe futhi zithululwe, njengokunye okuzokwenza uthole ama-toxins abhubhisa isibindi. Igama elithi PP libonisa ukuthi izitsha zenziwe nge-polypropylene, ezinzile ukushisa, ngakho-ke ungaphuza ikhofi eshisayo kuyo ngokuphepha futhi udle izitsha ezishisayo. Noma kunjalo, uma lokhu kuyi-tabletware etholakalayo, awusadingeki ukuyisebenzisa kabusha.