Lapho uneminyaka engu-7 kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye, kunokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemisebenzi yengane, inokwaziyo (engqondweni) nemisebenzi yengqondo: unezibonakaliso zokuvumelanisa nezwe elikhulile kanye nokufinyelela okunengqondo kwezenzo zakhe. Ukusukela eneminyaka engu-7 ingane iqala ukuya esikoleni. Amakilasi kulo akhuthaza ukuthi uma uneminyaka eyi-9 ingane ihleleke ngokwengeziwe. Ekuthuthukiseni ingane kusukela eminyakeni eyisikhombisa kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye, izindawo eziningana eziyinhloko zingabonakala: ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuqonda (kubandakanya ikhono lokuxazulula izinkinga nokucabangela), ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuzibonakalisa kanye nobuhlobo bezenhlalakahle. Inqubo yokwaziswa ngokwemigomo ejwayelekile ingachazwa njengento yonke yokucabanga, ukucabanga nokukhanda.
Ithonya labazali
Lapho eneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, ingane isavumela abazali ukuba baqondise ukuphila kwakhe ngendlela abayibona kufanelekile. Nakuba ingane iqala njengomuntu, ivame ukuvuma ukuthi abazali bakhetha indawo yokuhlala, ukudla, isikole nokuphumula. Kule minyaka yobudala, ingane inebhayisikili, izincwadi, ikhompyutha, imishini yezemidlalo, ngezinye izikhathi ikhamera elula. Aminyaka eneminyaka eyisikhombisa, njengombuso, afana nomunye nomunye ekugqoka izingubo nemisebenzi.
Izici eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kwengane eneminyaka ephakathi (6-12):
• injabulo yokwazi umhlaba ngaphandle komndeni;
• ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo;
• ukuvela kwezimiso zokuziphatha;
• ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuqonda.
Izimiso zokuziphatha
Izingane eziphakathi kweminyaka eyisikhombisa nesishiyagalolunye zinesithakazelo esikhulu kulokho okulungile, okubi, ukuthi bazojeziswa ngani, nokuthi kungani badunyiswa. Intuthuko yabo isesiteji lapho izimiso zokuziphatha zibe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila. Noma kunjalo, izahlulelo zabo mayelana nokuhle nokubi zilinganiselwe ngezinga elithile: azihlukanisi phakathi kokulimala okuhlosiwe nokulimala. Isibonelo, ungabuza ingane ukuthi yikuphi ukuziphatha okungalungile okubheka okubaluleke nakakhulu:
• Intombazane ithwala izinkomishi ezimbalwa, amasoso kanye namacwecwe epayipi. Intombazane iyahamba, i-tray igxuma ezandleni zayo, futhi zonke izitsha zokupheka ziphukile. Umntwana uthukuthele unina futhi uphonsa ipuleti phansi ngenhlansi; ipuleti iphukile. Iningi lezingane ezincane lizobona ukuthi okokuqala intombazane yenza ukuziphatha okungathí sina nakakhulu, ngoba yaphuka izitsha eziningi. Kodwa-ke, eneminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye, abantwana baqala ukuqonda kancane kancane ukuthi into esemqoka ayiwona umphumela wesenzo, kodwa inhloso. Izingane eziphakathi kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa nesishiyagalolunye zisalokhu zenzelwe ukuthatha isinyathelo. Baqala ukusebenzisa i-logic elula, futhi esikhathini esizayo bayoba nokucabanga okunengqondo okuzosiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zokuphila. Izingane ezibhekana nalesi sigaba zingalulala izidoli ngokuvumelana nokukhula kwazo, ngokusekelwe ekubukeni kwazo, kodwa azikwazi ukuxazulula, isibonelo, inkinga elandelayo: "Uma idoli A liphakeme kunedoli B, kodwa ngaphansi kwedoli B, iyiphi idoli elide kunazo zonke?" Isixazululo siyadingeka ukucabanga okucatshangelwayo nokungabonakali, okuyinto, njengoba umthetho, iqala ukukhula eminyakeni eyi-10-11.
Iqiniso neFiction
Ukuvela kwezimiso zokuziphatha kanye nesifiso sokufuna iqiniso eliphelele kwenzeka ezinganeni lapho beqala ukungabaza ukuthi kukhona uSanta Claus futhi babuze abantu abadala mayelana nokufa. Lapho uneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, izingane zingakwazi ukukhuluma iqiniso ngeqiniso futhi zingakholelwa ukuthi izingane zilethwa yizinyopho. Ngineminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, izingane ziyasebenza kakhulu: zithanda izindaba ngabantu bangempela abonise isibindi noma ukuhlakanipha, noma ngabantu abadala abavamile noma izingane eziye zathuthukisa amakhono angavamile. Kule minyaka yobudala, izingane eziningi zithola umhlaba wezincwadi futhi zijabulela ukufunda, ikakhulukazi emindenini lapho abazali bathanda ukufunda khona, futhi ukubukela i-TV kunqunyelwe. Amakhono emoto womntwana aqhubeka ethuthuka ngokushesha, futhi lokhu, kuhlangene namandla angenamandla nokuzikhandla, kumvumela ukuba ajabule enze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, adwebe, ahlabe futhi adlale amathoyizi asebenzayo, afana nesitimela.
Ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wemizwelo
Ukuqeqeshwa njalo kudinga ukukhuthazela nokubekezela ekuqedeni imisebenzi. Ngezinye izikhathi izingane ezineminyaka engu-7 nesishiyagalolunye ziyakhathala futhi zithukuthele futhi zicindezeleke. Kungenzeka ukuthi banamalungelo okuzimela, kodwa amaqhinga nokuzithiba ngalesi sikhathi namanje kunobuthakathaka. Uma izingane sezikhathele kakhulu, ziqala ukuziphathisa ezincane. Noma kunjalo, kusukela eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye yengqondo yengane iba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, kuncike ekutheni abantu abadala futhi abangezona izingane eziningi ezizimele. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingane inomngani omkhulu ongayidlala nayo futhi ikhulume amahora ngaphandle kokungenelela kwabantu abadala.
Imidlalo enamandla
Izingane ezineminyaka engu-7 kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye zinamandla amakhulu kangaka okudinga ukuzithokozisa ngokomzimba, njenge-tennis, ukubhukuda, ibhola, ukugijima, i-roller skating, ukudansa kanye nokulwa okunobungane (lokhu okushiwo abafana: amantombazane axabana futhi aphikisana kaningi amagama, kunokuba baxabane). Imidlalo yezingane inamandla kakhulu kangangokuthi ngezinye izikhathi ithatha abazali nabafundisi babo. Ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi izingane zaleli qembu lobudala zidinga ukulala amahora angama-70 ngesonto, okungukuthi, amahora angu-10 njalo ebusuku. Izingane eziningi zilele kancane, kodwa odokotela baxwayisa ukuthi ukukhathala okungapheli okubangelwa ukungabi nokulala kuphazamisa ukufunda nokuthuthukiswa komphakathi.
Izidingo ze-ration yokudla
Ukudla okunomsoco nakho kuyimbangela yokukhathazeka odokotela nabazali bezingane kule nkathi yobudala. Ngokuvamile, izingane azidleli kwasekuseni ekhaya, zidla ukudla kwasekuseni esikoleni endaweni eyomile futhi zidla ngokudla ebusuku. Izidakamizwa kanye nothisha bakholelwa ukuthi ngokusebenza okuhle esikoleni nasemisebenzini evamile yomphakathi, izingane zidinga ukudla okunomsoco ekhaya nase esikoleni.