Iziphi izifundo zokuhlola ezidingekayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ngokujwayelekile? Uma sikhuluma nge-mass prophylaxis, okokuqala, kudingeka ulinganise njalo ukucindezelwa kwegazi. Ayikho imigomo ejwayelekile yokujwayelekile: uma ingcindezi ivamile futhi ingakhathazeki - ungakwazi ukuyilinganisela ngezikhathi ezithile, uma ingcindezi ishintsha - ke, ngokwemvelo, kaningi. Manje lamadivayisi - i-tonometers - athengiswa ngokukhululekile. Owesibili yizinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo (impulse). Kumuntu onempilo, ukushayela akufanele kudlule ukushaya kwe-70-75 ngomzuzu (ngokuphumula). Uma le nkhomba iphakeme, udinga ukuyiqonda, thola imbangela. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi izinga lenhliziyo lifanane. Uma kukhona ukuphazamiseka, lesi yisikhathi sokuvakashela kudokotela. Okwesithathu yizinga le-cholesterol. Ukutadisha okulula kukuvumela ukuthi unqume izinga le-cholesterol esiphelele. Uma lula - iqukethe izingxenyana ezimbili. Owokuqala yi-lipoproteins ephansi kakhulu, okuthiwa yi "cholesterol" embi. Owesibini yi-lipoproteins ("okuhle" ye-cholesterol).
Njengoba isibonakaliso se-cholesterol "esihle" sizinzile, uma i-cholesterol ephelele iphakanyiswa, cishe kungenzeka ngenxa ye-cholesterol "embi". Ukutadisha okunembile kusiza ukunquma okuthiwa "kathathu": kokubili izingxenyana ze-cholesterol kanye ne-triglycerides. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukulawula isisindo somzimba futhi ulinganisane nesisindo somuno. Lapha lezi zikhombisi-ndlela zenzelwe ukwakheka kwesithombe esiphezulu sesimo sempilo sanele. Ngokuqondene nezinga le-glucose egazini, okokuqala, abantu abasengozini yesifo sikashukela: ngokulinganisa ubukhulu, ngokugqithisa ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala, kufanele balandele. Futhi futhi uma kwenzeka ukubonakaliswa kwezifo zenhliziyo - ngoba izifo zenhliziyo (CVD) zivame ukuhlanganiswa nokuphulwa komzimba wamakhemikhali. Futhi, ngokujwayelekile, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo zokuhlolwa okuvimbela: kukhona uhlelo olujwayelekile lokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kanye nezinhlobo zokuhlola okufanele kwenziwe ngezinkomba ezithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane kudingeka bahlolwe njalo ngumjozi wezinkinga zokubeletha, ukuze bahlole isimo sezinhlayiya ze-mammary. Inkinga enkulu yokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, ngombono wami, ukuthi uma kukhona ukuguqulwa emzimbeni kutholakala, kodwa ayikho isifo esicacile, ngakho akukhohlelo olucacile lwezenzo ezengeziwe. Futhi-ke, isikhundla somuntu sibaluleke kakhulu - uma engabonakali isithakazelo, akanakekeli impilo yakhe, ngakho-ke akukho odokotela abazosiza.
Izinhlobo eziningi ezidingekile zokuhlola abantu "ezivela emgwaqweni" ngokuvamile azikwazi ukungena kwi-polyclinic endaweni yokuhlala (azikho izakhamizi ezanele, imishini yokuxilonga ukubhalisela ukukhululeka mahhala kwinani labachwepheshe, isibonelo, udinga ukuhlangana isikhathi sokulinda inyanga) ... Kuthiwani uma Ayikho indlela yokuthenga inqubomgomo ye-VHI? Lezo zifundo zingenziwa emtholampilo ovamile, kulula futhi ezingabizi. Futhi uma wenqaba ukuhlolwa kwamahhala okuphezulu kwamahhala (i-ultrasound noma i-MRI)? Kungani, njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ngemali ongadlulisa ukuhlolwa okungenani manje, kodwa mahhala ... kokurekhoda, emva kwamasonto amaningi alinde? Izinhlobo zocwaningo oludingekile kufanele zithathwe udokotela. Awukwazi nje ukumane ufuna ukuthi ube ne-ultrasound noma i-tomography mahhala - lezi zinhlobo zocwaningo ezibizayo kakhulu. Kodwa uma udokotela athola noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa, ukukhubazeka, khona-ke, ngokusho komthetho, kufanele uthole inhlolovo enjalo mahhala, enye into ukuthi, kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke yenziwe ngokushesha ... Kuzo zonke izindawo ngezindlela ezahlukene - konke kuxhomeke ku- imishini nezimo esikhungweni sezokwelapha. Manje uMnyango wezeMpilo uzama ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinjalo - ngaleyo njongo Izikhungo zezeMpilo zenziwe futhi ziqhubeka zidalwe. Inhloso yabo ukuhlolwa kokuvimbela, ukukhomba izingozi zokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo. Izikhungo ezinjalo zezempilo zenziwa ngokusebenza ngezikhungo zokwelapha - nemitholampilo, izikhungo zokuvimbela, izihlinzeko zezemidlalo, njll. Umbono ulungile - ukulalela abantu abangaguli okwamanje, kodwa kukhona izici ezingenabungozi kakade. Ngabantu abagulayo bonke bacacile - kufanele baphathwe. Kodwa uma umuntu esengozini, kunabantu abaningi abanjalo, bazobe bezikhungo zempilo.
Indlela yokuqinisekisa abantu abasha, abakhulile isidingo sokuvimbela? Kunezimo ezimbili ezidingekayo: kuqala, imfundo, ukuqwashisa futhi, nakanjani, isifiso somuntu uqobo. Futhi okwesibili, ukudala izimo ezidingekayo zokuhola impilo enempilo kwakulula. Ukuze kungadingeki silwe nokuphila okunempilo, njengoba silwela ukuvuna. Futhi lawo mathiphu awusizo, isibonelo, uya emsebenzini ngebhayisikili, ayatholakala - emadolobheni aseYurophu kukhona izindlela ezikhethekile zalokhu, futhi kuphi futhi kuphi eMoscow ungakhansela ibhayisikili? Ngaphambi kweSikhungo se-Sklifosovsky, ngaphandle ... Kodwa kumele siqonde ukuthi ukuvimbela kudinga isikhathi eside futhi ukubuya ngeke kusheshe. Isibonelo, abaseMelika baye bathatha i-prophylaxis ngenkuthalo kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1950, kanti izinga lokufa labantu liye laphela ngemva kweminyaka engama-20. Ngakho-ke, sithemba ukuthi ngenxa yezikhungo zezempilo sizoshintsha okuthile kusasa, ngeke kusebenze. Kodwa okuningi - kakhulu! - kuxhomeke kithi ngokwethu, endleleni yethu yokuphila.
Ngakho-ke, kuyiqiniso yini ukuthi indlela yokuphila ithinta impilo yethu ngokubaluleke ngaphezu kokuzalwa kwesintu? Yiqiniso, ubufebe ngokuqinisekile budlala indima, kodwa noma kunjalo, ukusabalala kwezifo zenhliziyo, okuye kwaba yisishayo sesikhathi sethu, kuxhomeke endleleni yokuphila. Isibonelo, singacacisa amaqiniso alandelayo: amaJapane anezifo eziphansi ezivela ezifweni zenhliziyo, ngoba badla inhlanzi, izinhlanzi zasolwandle, njll. Kodwa uma iJapan ithuthela e-US, emva kwesikhathi iqala ukugula-futhi ife, njengamaMelika. Noma amaNtaliyane - labo abahlala ogwini futhi banamathela ekudleni kweMedithera, ukufa okuvela ku-CVD kuncane kakhulu. Kodwa amaNtaliyane ashukuthela e-United States ahlangene nabantu baseMakhaya kulezi zinkomba. Futhi ngisho nakubantu abanelungelo lokufa ngenxa yalezi zifo noma ezinye izifo, uma behola, njengoba sisho, indlela yokuphila enempilo, amathuba okuthi uhlelo oluhle lusetshenziswa luyinto encane kakhulu. Impilo yabantu jikelele isekelwe ezinsika ezintathu. Okokuqala kungukudla okunengqondo, okungukuthi, okuqukethwe kwekhalori, okuhambisana nezindleko zamandla. Indlela yokunquma uma udla kahle?
Udinga ukuthatha isentimitha bese ulinganisa umjikelezo okhalweni. Uma landa - indoda isifinyelele ngo-102 cm, owesifazane uneminyaka engu-88 cm, kanti lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi kunomzimba obuthakathaka kakhulu, uma i-fat igcinwa esiswini, futhi lesi yisimo esingathandeki kakhulu, isici esingozini lwe-CVD nesifo sikashukela. Kulesi simo, udinga ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwekhalori noma ukwandise umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla kufanele kubhekane nemikhiqizo yemifino, futhi udinga ukudla imifino nezithelo. I-WHO itusa okungenani 400 g ngosuku. Izinhlanzi eziwusizo kakhulu, ungadla amafutha wezitshalo, kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi lokhu kunamafutha. I-"whale" yesibili yinto ebonakalayo engokomzimba. Ngisho ukuthini igama elithi "ukucabangela"? Akunandaba ukuthi yikuphi uhlobo lomsebenzi okwenziwe ukugcina nokugcina impilo. Kungaba ukugijima, ukumba engadini, kungaba ukubhukuda, ama-simulators - into eyinhloko ukuthi umuntu usebenza ngokomzimba, kodwa ngokulinganisela.
Ngokuvamile, kukholelwa ukuthi ukulondoloza impilo yomuntu kufanele kwenzeke ngosuku lwezinyathelo eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10 - kusuka ku-3 ukuya ku-5 km. Ngokuhleka ngezinye izikhathi ngezinye izikhathi ngiyeluleka, ngiphendula umbuzo othi "kanjani ukwandisa umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca?", - uthole inja, kungcono kakhulu. Ngosuku ezimbili kufanele ugijime amakhilomitha amaningana - kuzokwenza ukuthi kwenzeke. Futhi okunye, ukukhuluma ngokuzikhandla ngokomzimba, kubalulekile ukugcina isimiso sokuhamba kancane kancane. Indlela yokunquma ukuthi umthwalo ulungile kuwe? Umgomo oyinhloko uyinhlalakahle? Yebo, futhi isici sesibili yisilinganiso senhliziyo. Ngonyaka ngamunye kunenani eliphezulu lenhliziyo. Lokhu kubalwa, uma ungangeni emininingwaneni, kanje: kusuka ku-220 yobudala kususwa. Uma umuntu eneminyaka engu-50 ubudala: 220 - 50 - umthwalo wakhe omkhulu utholakele - izinsimbi eziyi-170 ngomzuzu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki phezulu - umthwalo ophelele ungama-60-70% wezinga eliphezulu lenhliziyo. Futhi kulo mdlalo udinga ukuzijwayeza imizuzu engu-20-30 izikhathi ezingu-3 ngesonto, kodwa okungenani ungezinsuku zonke. Futhi "i-whale" yesithathu ukulahla ngokuphelele ukubhema. Uma ngezinye izikhathi sisho ngotshwala ukuthi amanani amancane - ingilazi yewayini - ishukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis, ngakho-ke azikho izinkomba ezinjalo zokubhema. Nazi izimiso ezintathu eziyisisekelo umuntu ojwayelekile okufanele azigcine ukuze alondoloze impilo. Futhi akudingi izindleko ezikhethekile - kuphela intando nesifiso somuntu ngokwakhe.
Thola ukuhlolwa kwezempilo njalo
Ukuhlolwa okuvimbelayo kungadlulela konke okusebenzayo, kanye nabahola impesheni nabasakhulayo abane-MHI (inqubomgomo yomshuwalense wezempilo).