Isihloko esithi "I-jaundice: ukuxilongwa ngokwehlukile, ukwelashwa" kuzosiza omama abasha ngesikhathi sokubona nokunquma uhlobo lwesifo futhi banikeze ingane ngemibandela efanele yokuthola ngokushesha.
I-jaundice engokwemvelo ayiyona "isilo" esabekayo. Kuyabonakala ngezinye izikhathi izinsana ezinempilo enhle futhi akuyona into engaphezu kokushintsha komzimba kusuka ekuphileni kwangaphakathi kwe-intrauterine kuya emzimbeni kamama omusha ongaphandle. I-jaundice engokwemvelo ibangela izinga eliphakeme le-bilirubin emzimbeni wemvuthu.
I-Bilirubin ingumkhiqizo wokuwohloka kwamaseli abomvu wegazi. Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ngokuvamile ahlukane ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane, ngakho izinga le-bilirubin (i-pigment yellow) landa egazini layo. I-Bilirubin idedelwa ngesibindi somntwana, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi isengakazalwa, futhi ayikwazi ukusebenza ngamandla onke, ukuhoxiswa kwe-bilirubin egazini kuyashesha kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ezinganeni ezihlushwa i-jaundice yezinto eziphilayo isikhathi eside, kukhona ukuphuzila kwesikhumba kanye nesicwebe iso.
Uma i-jaundice yomzimba engabonakali ngosuku lwesithathu lokuphila, cishe, cishe kakade ayibonakali. Ngokuvamile, i-jaundice yomzimba inezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwamathathu. Kulokhu, isimo somntwana akufanele sikwenze ukukhathazeka - uyadla futhi alale kahle, akalili isizathu esicacile. Kulesi simo, i-jaundice yomzimba ayidingi ukwelashwa.
Enye into - i-jaundice pathological. Izimpawu ze-jaundice yezinto eziphilayo nezomzimba ziyafana: ukuphuzila kwesikhumba nesikhumba se-eye, kodwa esimweni sesibili lesi sifo sithatha isikhathi eside futhi sivame ukuhambisana nezinkinga.
I-jaundice ye-pathological ibizwa nangokuthi "izifo ze-hemolytic zengane esanda kuzalwa." Izimbangela, ngenxa yokuthi zivelaphi, zingase zibe neziningana: isibonelo, ukungalingani kohlobo lwegazi lomntwana nomama noma i-Rh rhesus izingxabano. Uma iqembu legazi lomama lingowokuqala, kanti ingane yesibili noma yesithathu, kufanele uqaphele ngokucophelela ukuthi ingane izobonisa izimpawu ze-jaundice.
Ngaphezu kwezici ezingenhla, i-jaundice ye-pathological in the baby ingabangela izizathu ezinjalo:
- ukungena esibelethweni somama wezifo ezithathelwanayo (njenge-hepatitis B, i-rubella noma i-toxoplasmosis), okuyinto esongela ngokuqondile ukutheleleka kwe-fetus;
- ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ngumama (isibonelo, oxytocin noma antibiotic eqinile);
- ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi;
- uma kukhona izithelo ezingaphezu kwesisodwa esibelethweni;
- ukuhlukunyezwa ekulethwa;
- izifo ze-endocrine zomama (isibonelo, isifo sikashukela).
Yini eyenza i-jaundice ye-pathological in the newborn? I-Rh-antigen, okuyinto, lapho ingena emzimbeni wengane (esibelethweni) egazini ene-rhesus engamama, yenza ukuba kwakhiwe amangqamuzana akhethekile e-antibody. Lawa maseli akwazi ukungena kabusha igazi le-ingane ngokusebenzisa i-placenta (akunandaba ukuthi isiswini noma nje wazalwa). Babuye baqhubekisele phambili inqubo yokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu egazini lomntwana.
Ngokungafani ne-jaundice yomzimba, izimpawu zazo zingatholakala ngosuku lwesithathu emva kokuzalwa, i-jaundice ye-pathological ibonakala ngosuku olulandelayo emva kokuzalwa. Isikhumba ne-sclera zamehlo wengane zithola i-hue ephuzi elikhanyayo. Kwenzeka ukuthi umchamo womntwana ogulayo ubumnyama, kodwa umbala wombala wayo awuguquki.
Uma uthola noma yisiphi isibonakaliso se-jaundice - nikela igazi kumntwana ukuhlaziywa. Amazinga aphezulu we-bilirubin azokhombisa ukuthi kukhona lesi sifo.
Ukusungula i-jaundice ye-pathological nakanjani akunakwenzeka. Phela, ngezinye izikhathi kuhambisane nenkinga, evezwa esifo esisha - ukuphefumula kwezikhali zenuzi. Lokhu kunqotshwa kwesimiso sezinzwa zomphakathi, esivela ezingeni eliphakeme le-bilirubin, into enobuthi neyingozi. Kulesi simo, ingane ingaba luvila futhi ingabi nandaba, i-reflex esondayo iyanyamalala, ayikhulisi isisindo (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ilahlekelwa amagremu), ngezinye izikhathi ingane ingase ixhumane.
Kodwa-ke, uma ingane inakekelwa ngendlela efanele futhi yokwelashwa ngendlela efanele, kungenzeka ukuba ugweme ukucindezeleka kwe-nyukliya. Kulesi simo, i-jaundice ye-pathological ingadlula ngaphandle kwemiphumela, njengokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa nokungajwayelekile emntwaneni.
Uma ingane yakho igula nge-jaundice ye-pathological, kufanele uqale uqaphele umsoco wakhe. Uma lesi sifo senzekile ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezikhethekile, akufanele unqume ukubeletha. Uma kunzima kakhulu i-jaundice - odokotela batusa ngokuqinile ukuthi ubeke ubisi lomama ngesinhlanganisela noma ungene njengokungondleki. Uma kunjalo, isinqumo senziwa ngokususwa okwesikhashana esifubeni, umama kumele abonise ubisi ukuze ungabikho nhlobo futhi akudingeki ukuba aguqule ngokuphelele kwifomu.
Uma lesi sifo sinzima, usana olusha lujojowe nge-glucose infusions (kunezinye izidakamizwa ezamukelwa yi-WHO) ngaphakathi. Lezi zinto zinciphisa izinga le-bilirubin futhi lilahla igazi. Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ukuthi i-jaundice inzima kangangokuthi ingane idinga ukumpontshelwa igazi.
Wonke umama kufanele akhumbule ukuthi impilo yengane yakhe ingaphezu kwakho konke, nokuthi ngisho nesifo esinjalo esibonakala sengathi singasenalutho futhi esingenasidingo njenge-jaundice kufanele sibe ngaphansi kokulawula njalo odokotela.