Ukwakhiwa kokuzivikela emntwaneni. Ingxenye 2

Isikhathi sokubeletha sibonisa isikhathi sokuqala esibucayi ekuthuthukiseni nasekuqiniseni amasosha omzimba omntwana. Ngenyanga yokuqala, izivikeli zakho zomzimba zizoncishiswa, kodwa kungenjalo nganoma iyiphi indlela. Emva kwakho konke, edlula emgodini wokuzalwa, umntwana uhlangana namabhaktheriya amasha kuye, futhi endaweni yangaphandle, lapho ethola khona ngemva kokubeletha, akazizi izinyoni ezincane. Futhi uma ukuzivikela kwakuqinile njengabantu abadala, ingane yayingeke ikwazi ukumelana nokuphendula komzimba "kubantu abangabazi." Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izindlela zokuzivikela ezingenangqondo emntwaneni osanda kuphila kahle zithinta cishe u-40-50% wezinga lomdala, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwama-immunoglobulins - ngo-10-15%. I-kid isangene kakhulu kumagciwane nama-microbes, futhi amathuba okutheleleka aphezulu. Kulesi sigaba, kuphela omama bama-immunoglobulins athola ngo-utero ukumsiza ukumelana nezifo ezithile. Zivikela iziqu ezivela kulawo okutheleleka umama ayenayo noma ogonywe (i-diphtheria, i-poliomyelitis, isishukela, i-rubella, isikhwama senkukhu). Futhi ngalesi sikhathi amathumbu aqala ukuba nama-bacterium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-microorganisms awusizo kanye nama-immunoglobulins ingane ithola ngosayizi wokufakelwa noma ubisi lomama. Ukungena emathunjini, lezi zinto zenza kube nzima ukufinyeleleka ezincane ze-pathogenic, ngaleyo ndlela zivikela izifo eziningana nezifo eziningi. Kodwa imvuthuluka yokuncelisa isifuba ivikeleka kangcono. Ngemuva kwalokho, kanye nobisi, bathola izifo ezithathelwanayo ezifweni uMama ayenayo kakade.

Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi ingane isengozini enkulu yezifo, isiyingi sokukhulumisana kufanele silinganiselwe izihlobo eziseduze - labo bantu abahlala nabo. Ukuphuma ekhaya lokubeletha ukuya efulethini nokukhulumisana nabazali, ingane ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa i-microflora "yasekhaya", futhi iba ephephile kuye. Uma izivakashi zingena endlini, zibuze ukuthi zigeze izandla zazo ngesepha futhi zibonise iziqu ezivela kude.

Kulesi sikhathi kuyadingeka, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukugcina ngokucophelela imithetho yokuhlanzeka, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi - ungayidluli. Uma kungenjalo, ama-microbes adingekayo awakwazi ukuhlala esikhunjeni nasezingxenyeni zamangqamuzana, ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo esingumzimba oyinyumba ngeke sikuvumele ukulwa namagciwane futhi uthuthukise amasosha omzimba. Ukuze uhlale ubhalansi, kwanele izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto ukwenza imfucuza ehlanzekile, ukufakela ifenisha ephuthumayo futhi njalo, ngaphambi kokuba usondele kusana olusha, geza izandla zakho kahle ngesepha.

Ukuphendula komzimba
Izinyanga 3-6 - isikhathi esibucayi sesibili. Ama-antibodies omama ahlaselwa kancane kancane futhi ezinyangeni ezingu-6 aphuma ngokuphelele emzimbeni. Izifo ziqala ukungena emzimbeni wezimpumputhe futhi kutholakala impendulo yomzimba, ngakho-ke umzimba uqala ukuthuthukisa i-immunoglobulin A yayo, eyabangela ukuzivikela kwendawo yangakini. Kodwa akanakho "inkumbulo" yamagciwane, ngakho-ke imigomo eyenziwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi, empeleni kamuva, iphindaphindwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulondoloza ukubeletha.

Ukwandisa ukuvikelwa kuzosiza nezinqubo zamanzi. Kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-3 zomntwana emva kokugeza okuncane emanzini ekushiseni okungaba ngu-35 degrees, uthele amanzi, izinga lokushisa okuyizicathulo ezingaphansi. Ungaphinda usule kahle imvuthuluka ngemuva kokuthatha imithini yokugeza, ifakwe emanzini ekushiseni kwama-32-34 degrees. Emaminithini ambalwa, ungakwazi ukusula izandla zomntwana kusuka iminwe kuya ehlombe nasemilenzeni kusukela ezinzwaneni kuya emadolweni, bese usula owomile. Ukushisa kwamanzi kufanele kuncishiswe njalo ngesonto ngezinga elilodwa, kuze kufinyelele emazingeni angu-28.

Izimanga zezingane
Iminyaka engu-2-3 - isikhathi sesithathu esibucayi, isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Oxhumene nabo nezwe langaphandle baqala kakhulu, izingane eziningi ziqala ukuya emanzini noma enkulisa futhi zivame ukugula. Ngokuvamile le nkathi yokuzivumelanisa iphuza izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngonyaka. Isibangela sokushisa okuphindaphindiwe singaba ukucindezeleka, ukungathandi kwengane ukuvakashela i-nursery noma ingadi. Kodwa awudingi ukuyeka isenkulisa. Ama-crumbs angaya engadini noma e-nursery, eqinisweni, angaguli kaningi. Kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho beya ekilasini lokuqala, baqala ukugula kakhulu nakakhulu. Abangane babo "abahlelekile" kule minyaka banesikhathi 'sokumazi' ngezinambuzane eziningi ukuze babambe umkhuhlane kancane kancane.

Ngokujwayelekile, kule minyaka, isifo "sohlobo lwezinhlobo" sihlala isikhathi eside futhi sidlulela komunye nomunye. Lokhu akusho ukuthi banomkhuhlane obuthakathaka. Abancinjana abancane bahlangana nenani elikhulu lezifo eziphilayo, izinambuzane zabo ezinamaqanda ziyingozi, ngoba i-immunoglobulin A ikhiqizwa ngobuncane. Ngakho-ke, amasosha omzimba aqeqeshwe ngokuzikhandla: ngokushayisana "nabangaphandle" umzimba uveza izifo ezithathelwanayo, okuzosiza esikhathini esizayo ukubhekana nezifo noma ukungavumeli ukuthi kwenzeke. Ekugcineni ifomu, ukuzivikela kuyadingeka kuze kufike ku-8-12 "ukuqeqeshwa" okunjalo ngonyaka.

Kule minyaka kungcono ukuyenza ngaphandle kokuzivivinya izidakamizwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kunganciphisa ukuzivikela kwengane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzivikela komzimba kunemibono yokuphikisana nemiphumela emibi. Amavithamini alinganiselayo kanye nezici zokulandelela ukudla, ukuhambisana nombuso wosuku, ukusebenza komzimba kanye nezinqubo zokuzikhandla kuyoba nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu.

Futhi kulesi sikhathi, ngenxa yokushintshaniswa okusebenzayo kwezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-pathogens neontanga, ukukhula okusebenzayo kwama-tonsils nama-lymph nodes kuphawulwe. Lesi sixhumanisi sokuzivikela kwangasese sisebenza njengendlela yokuqala yokuzivikela emagciwane angase abe nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Lapho bethola isifo, bakhula futhi bavutha. Cishe ngalesi sikhathi, iningi lama-revaccinations awela. Zihlose ukugcina ingculazi, eyakhiwe ngesikhathi sokugonywa kwangaphambilini.

Cishe umuntu omdala
Eminyakeni engu-5-7 (eyisikhathi esibucayi sesine), amazinga e-immunoglobulins weklasi M no-G cishe kumuntu omdala, inani le-lymphocyte le-T libuye lisondele kwinani labo kumuntu omdala. I-Immunoglobulin A ayisitholakali. Ngenxa yalokhu, izifo zomphefumulo wokuphefumula ngaphezulu kule minyaka zingaba zihlala zingapheli (tonsillitis engapheli, i-laryngitis engapheli) noma iphinde iphinde iphindwe. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, udinga ukuwaphulukisa ngokucophelela. Futhi ngesikhathi sekwindla-ebusika kunconywa ukunikeza i-multivitamine yengane. Ukuze uthole izincomo ezithile (inkambo yokuthatha kanye namagama amavithamini ama-complexes), kufanele uthintane nodokotela wezingane. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba unikeze izidakamizwa zokuzivikela, kudingeka ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi isixhumanisi sesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba esihluphekayo nokuthi yikuphi okudingeka kuqiniswe. Ukwaziswa okuqondile ngalokhu kunikezwa kuphela nge-immunogram ethuthukile. Kodwa izingane eziningi zigula kaningi kakhulu futhi zivame ukubhekana nezifo. Inani le-immunoglobulin E lifinyelela phezulu, ngakho-ke imvamisa yokuphendula okweqile iyakhula.