Imfundo yangasese
Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ekwakheni uhlelo lwemfundo yaseRashiya. Kodwa ukuze uqonde wonke ama-nuances, sizoxoxa ngokuthi isakhiwo sini, ngokuningiliziwe.
Isigaba sokuqala semfundo yezemfundo kuyinto yemfundo yasenkulisa. Lolu hlobo lwemfundo lubandakanya izindawo zokubeletha nezinkulisa. Manje eRussia kukhona izikhungo zangasese zangasese nezifundazwe. Ngakho-ke, abazali banethuba lokunikeza ingane esikhungweni ababhekwa njengabafanele kakhulu. Kodwa ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni sangasese kubalulekile ukukhokha imali ethile. Unganikeza izingane ku-creche kusukela ngesikhathi lapho ingane iphendulela unyaka owodwa ubudala. Lapho, izingane zingaphezu kweminyaka emithathu ubudala. Enkulisa izingane ziqala ukuthatha ezintathu. Baqedela imfundo yabo yangaphambi kwesesikoleni kule sikhungo ngezinyanga eziyisithupha noma eziyisikhombisa. Kumele kuqashelwe ngokushesha ukuthi ukuthola imfundo yasenkulisa akuyona impoqo. Ngakho-ke, konke lapha kuxhomeke ekufisweni kwabazali. Futhi, ingxenye yesimiso semfundo yiyona ebizwa ngokuthi isikole esingaphambi kwesikole. Bavele bavele nje, kodwa, kunjalo, bathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabazali. Ezinganeni ezinjalo zangaphambi kwesikole zinganikezwa kusukela eminyakeni emihlanu nengxenye. Lapha, izingane zifunda ukufunda, ukubhala, nokuqonda nezinye izihloko eziyisisekelo, okuyizinto zokulungiselela imfundo yesikole.
Imfundo ejwayelekile
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo semfundo sihlanganisa imfundo ejwayelekile. Ngokuhambisana nemithetho yaseRussia, ihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana futhi ihlanganisa imfundo ejwayelekile, imfundo ejwayelekile eyisisekelo kanye nemfundo ephelele.
Ukuthola imfundo yamabanga aphansi, ingane kumele ifinyelele eminyakeni eyi-6 noma eyisikhombisa. Ngaleso sikhathi abazali bangamthumela esikoleni, i-lyceum noma i-gymnasium. Ngenkathi efunda esikoleni samabanga aphansi, ingane inelungelo lokuthola ulwazi oluyisisekelo ekufundeni, ukubhala, izibalo, isiRussia nezinye izihloko.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwesikole samabanga aphansi, eneminyaka eyisithupha, izingane zingena esikoleni esiphakeme. Esikoleni samabanga aphansi, imfundo iqhubeka iminyaka emihlanu. Ngemuva kokuphela kwebanga lesishiyagalolunye, umfundi kumele akhiphe isitifiketi semfundo ejwayelekile yesikole. Ngalesi sitifiketi angafaka isicelo sokwamukelwa ebangeni leshumi lesikole, i-gymnasium noma i-lyceum. Futhi, umfundi unelungelo lokuthatha imibhalo bese efaka esikoleni sobuchwepheshe, ekolishi noma ekolishi.
Isigaba sokugcina semfundo jikelele siyimfundo ephelele. Kuphela iminyaka emibili futhi emva kokuphothula abafundi ukuphothula izivivinyo zokugcina futhi bathole izitifiketi zemfundo ephelele.
Imfundo yezemfundo
Okulandelayo, sizoxoxa ngokuthi izingane zaseRussia zingafunda kanjani ngemuva kwesikole. Eqinisweni, ukhetho lwabo lukhulu ngokwanele. Izakhamizi zaseRussian Federation zinelungelo lokuthola imfundo ephakeme yokufundela, imfundo yesibili yokufundela noma imfundo egcwele yezemfundo.
Imfundo eyisisekelo yokufundela imfundo, etholakala kuma-lyceums professional, ezikoleni zobuchwepheshe noma kwezinye izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme yokufundela. Lezi zikhungo zingasetshenziswa kokubili ngemuva kweyesi-9 nangemva kweshumi nanye. Ukuqeqesha emva kwesigaba leshumi nanye kuthatha isikhathi esifushane, ngoba abafundi abafundeli izifundo ezijwayelekile ohlelweni lweshumi neshumi nanye.
Imfundo yesikole yokufundela yilabo abafundi abangangena ezikoleni zobuchwepheshe kanye namakolishi. Lokhu kungenziwa futhi emva kwesishiyagalolunye, nangemva kwebanga leshumi nanye.
Imfundo ephakeme
Hhayi, manje sithuthela esiteji sokugcina semfundo - imfundo ephakeme. Ngokuhambisana nomthetho weRussian Federation, izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme, amanyuvesi kanye nezikole zibhekwa njengezikhungo eziphakeme zemfundo. Izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme zichazwa njengezikhungo zomphakathi, kanye nezizinda zangasese. Abafundi bangafunda esikhungweni esinjalo kusukela eminyakeni emine kuya kweyisithupha. Uma umfundi efundela iminyaka emine, uthola i-bachelor degree, amahlanu - isazi, ayisithupha - i-master degree. Uma kwenzeka umfundi efunde okungenani iminyaka emibili, kodwa engazange aphumelele esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme, kubhekwa ukuthi wathola imfundo ephakeme engaphelele.
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ngemuva kokuphothula esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme umuntu unelungelo eligcwele lokuthola imfundo yezemfundo esezingeni eliphezulu. Yiqiniso, imfundo enjalo ingatholakala kuphela uma kunemfundo ephakeme yezemfundo. Kuye ngokuthi yikuphi okukhethekile umfundi okhethandayo, angakwazi ukutadisha esikoleni esiphakeme, ukuhlanganisa, izifundo, udokotela noma ukuhlala.
Futhi ekugcineni kufanelekile ukukhumbula enye ingxenye yesakhiwo semfundo eRussia - izikhungo ezinikeza ngezinsizakalo ezengeziwe zemfundo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izikole zemidlalo nezomculo. Imfundo enjalo ayiyona isibopho, kodwa, kunalokho, ithuthuka. Kodwa-ke, emva kokuqedwa kwalesi sikhungo semfundo umfundi uthola idiploma yesampula yesimo esingasifinyelela, isibonelo, esikoleni somculo.
Ukubamba iqhaza, singasho ukuthi isakhiwo samanje sezemfundo saseRussia sisebenzela izakhamizi zezwe ukuba nethuba lokutadisha. Wonke umuntu ofuna, ngolwazi oludingekayo, angakhetha ukhethekile yena kanye nesikhungo semfundo angathola imfundo. Kusukela esikoleni, abafundi banethuba lokukhetha izifundo zokuprofetha, esikhathini esizayo ezizoba yisisekelo sokuthola umsebenzi wabo okhethiwe.