Umlando we-powder

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi igama elithi "powder" lafika kithi ngesiRussia kusuka eJalimane, ekuqaleni kwakusemvelaphi yesiFulentshi. Umlando wokubukeka kwe-powder ubala iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa.

Owokuqala ukusebenzisa i-powder kwakungabantu baseGibhithe lasendulo. Ezikhathini zasendulo, kwabaseGibhithe, kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlukanisa abantu ngokuya kombala wabo wesikhumba ngokugqamile nokukhanya. Ngemva kwalokho, amakhulu eminyaka, umbala wesikhumba omhlophe nangobuciko wawubhekwa njengenye yezimfanelo eziyinhloko zobuhle nobufazi. Ngesikhathi sekhulu leshumi nesithupha leminyaka umdwebi omkhulu uPaolo Veronese wangena eminye yemisebenzi yakhe owesifazane ohloniphekile enesisebenzi, owokuqala wabhala ngekhanda elimhlophe, kanti ubuso bobubili bwenzela i-swarthy and tanned. Ngalezo zinsuku, isikhumba esikhanyayo nobucayi buso babugcizelela isimo sezenhlalakahle futhi sikhuluma ngesifazane ohloniphekile wezinceku, abesifazane abathintekayo nabanye abamele abantu abavamile abashiswa ilanga. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukucwilisa kwakuhlotshaniswa nomqondo wezinto ezinjalo zokuhleleka nokuhleleka njengamaparele, iqhwa nomhlophe omhlophe, ebonakala njengophawu lokuhlanzeka nokuhlanzeka.

Umlando we-powder uwazi izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela eziyinhloko ze-powder - amaminerali nemifino. Ngokwemvelo, lesi sitshalo sasivela ekuqaleni kakhulu, futhi, njengoba umthetho, senziwa ngotshani nelayisi, noma kunalokho kusuka ekupheni okuhle. Umthetho oyinhloko kwakuyi-non-use of powder ezindaweni zomzimba oxhumana nabo, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwawo kulezi zindawo kwabangele ukucasula isikhumba.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, izakhamuzi zaseGibhithe naseMesopotamiya zasebenzisa i-ocher ebomvu nebomvu. Ngendlela, ngisho manje isetshenziswa yizizwe eziningi eNingizimu Melika, e-Afrika nase-Oceania. Izakhamuzi zaseGrisi lasendulo zaziphoqa ubuso babo nabamhlophe abahola, futhi lesi siko, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi abazithatha kumaRoma, ngaphandle kwaleli dongo elimhlophe elimpofu futhi, ngesabisa, ingxube yengwenya.

Njengoba kubikwa umlobi waseRoma u-Ovid, abalingani bakhe ngentengo enkulu babenesi-diazormaty-into efana nebhokisi le-powder yesimanje, okuqukethwe okwenziwe ngomxube wefulawa wekolweni kanye nengxube yemifino. Futhi ngenxa kaPliny Umdala, futhi esikhathini sethu sazi izindlela ezimbalwa zokupheka ezenziwe ngama-antique ekwenzeni i-powder. Ngokuphathelene namehlo, izakhamuzi zakuleli zwe lasendulo zaziholwa ngamapensela amnyama futhi zishaya noma zivele nje nge-soot ye-essence ekhethekile yokushisa. Kodwa-ke, zonke lezi zimfanelo zokunethezeka zazitholakala kuphela kwabesifazane abahloniphekile nabacebile, abesifazane abampofu kanye nezigqila badala ubuhle ngokusebenzisa imaski ebhaliwe inhlama neqanda.

Kakade ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa, zonke izingxenye zabantu zasebenzisa izimonyo. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo imfashini ye-powder ivuselelwe. Esikhathini sesikhumba sasetshenziswa, ngaphambi kokuxubana namahlophe amacembe - futhi okukhudlwana, kungcono. Kodwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ubuso ukuba bube njenge-mask, iNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi u-Elizabeth I yabhala izitsha zegazi ezingabonakali. Ngalesi sikhathi kwakukhona enkambeni yale ncwadi, amakhasi awo ayembozwe ngopende olubomvu olubomvu. Leli phephandaba lalibizwa ngokuthi iSpanishi futhi liqeda ishidi, ungalifaka emathunzini akho. Kwakukhona izizathu eziningana ze-red, powder futhi zimboze ubuso nabamhlophe. Okokuqala, ukuze ufihle iminyaka yakho. Okwesibili, ukuthi ubuso abubuki obuhlungu lapho i-candelabra ikhanya. Okwesithathu, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isiko lokuhlanzeka, kanye nemithi, kwakungekho ezingeni eliphakeme ngaleso sikhathi, ngakho-ke abanye abathandi bezimonyozi kufanele bafihle ngaphansi kobuningi obuningi bokugula okwenziwe izifo ze-venereal kanye ne-ingulube eyonakalisa ubuso bomuntu omkhulu walezo zikhathi .

Ekhuluma ngezwe lakithi, eRussia baqala ukuphefumula ngaphansi kukaPeter I, othandekayo owaziwayo wonke iNtshonalanga, futhi ekugcineni lesi sici sezimonyo sasihlala ezikhathini zikaCatherine. Izinduna zaseRashiya nabesifazanekazi basebenzisa irayisi nekolweni powder, okwakusenesikhathi esicacile futhi esithandekayo. Iphoyisa lalimbozwe kakhulu ngekhanda kangangokuthi kwakudingekile ukugqoka i-elegant kanye ne-wigs ikhava ekhethekile, ngaphandle kwalokho kwakungeke kwenzeke ukuvikela ingubo empova omhlophe. Izindleko ze-powder ngalezo zinsuku zazikhulu kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ePrussia, ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, kuphela abayizigidi eziyisishiyagalolunye kuzo zonke izakhamuzi zaleli zwe bachithe amaphilisi ayizigidi ezingu-91 zalezi zimonyo ngonyaka. Futhi kungakho akumangalisi neze ukuthi abaguquli baseFrance banqume ngokuqinile isimemezelo nge powder, ngoba ukolweni nelayisi, abantu abavamile abangenakho okuningi, basebenziselwa ukukhiqiza. Ewusizo kwekhulu lonke, i-powder ehlanganiswe ne-touch of oblivion, ngoba imfashini yayihlanganisa ubunempilo nesikhumba nemvelo. E-UK, ekuvinjweni kwe-powder, njengezinye izimonyo, uNdunankulu uVictoria ubeka isandla sakhe, ememezela izimonyo nakho konke okuhlotshaniswa nokungcoliswa kwakhe kwendle.

Ukukhula okusha kwefashini nge-powder kwakuyikhulu lama-20. Okokuqala, abalingisi bezemidlalo baqala ukuyisebenzisa ngokugcwele, befihla ukungaphumeleli kwesikhumba esiteji, futhi kamuva ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Khona-ke eFrance, ukujabulisa bonke abathandi bezimonyozi, kwakhiwa isilwane samanje se-powder, isisekelo esasiyi-talc. Le powder yayivele ingenawo ukungcola okulimazayo, njengokuhola, okubangela ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwezinkinga zempilo. Ngemva kwamashumi ambalwa eminyaka, imboni yezimonyozi kungenzeka ukuthi yahlangabezana nokuphindaphindiwe kunomlando omude we-powder ngokwayo. Ngo-1932, inkampani yaseBrithani i-Laughton & Sons yakhiqiza amabhokisi amabhasi alula futhi ahlanganiswe ne-sponge. Emashumini amahlanu, umculi odumile waseHollywood uMac Factor waqala ukukhulula inguqulo engabizi ye-powder-base ebizwa ngokuthi "Pan Cake", eyayingatholakali kuphela ezinkanyezini ze-movie, kodwa nakwabesifazane abavamile, ngokufihla ngokufihla konke ukungapheleli kwesikhumba. Omunye wamapulazi okuqala, angabizi kakhulu aqala ukukhiqiza u-Elena Rubishtein futhi ekhulwini lokuqala ukukhiqizwa kwe-powder kanye nezinye izimonyo zaqala u-Elizabeth Arden. Ngandlela-thile, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngaphansi kweBrith High Brown, kwakhiqizwa i powder yokuqala yokuqala.

Ukubonakala kwe-powder kwanika abantu ikakhulukazi besifazane ithuba elihle kakhulu lokubheka okufanayo kungakhathaliseki isimo futhi ngakho-ke ku-arsenal yabo bonke abahloniphayo abamele ubulili obufaneleko kukhona i-powder noma umlingani walo wanamuhla.