Amakhomikhali ayinambitha nje kuphela, kepha futhi nomkhiqizo onomsoco, ohlanganisa inani elikhulu lezitshalo zamaninosi, amaprotheni, amaminerali namavithamini. Ukukhulisa amakhowe kungenziwa kalula ekhaya, ngoba zonke izindlela zamakhowe ezikhulayo zilula futhi azidingi izindleko ezikhethekile zezezimali. Ukuze ukhule amakhowe ukuze ulethe imiphumela yawo, kumele uhambisane nemithetho yokulima.
Amakhowe ekhaya
Ekhaya, ungakwazi ukukhula kalula futhi uvune hhayi kuphela ama-champignon ne-veshenok, kodwa namakhowe we-shiitake. Yiqiniso, kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zefungi zidinga imithetho ekhethekile yokuqukethwe. Isibonelo, amakhowe yizimo ezifanele ezingekho kuka-25, hhayi ngaphansi kuka-28 degrees, ama-oyster amakhowe - 15-20, nezinkuni zamakhowe - amadigri angu-12, kanye nokunquma izihlahla zomuthi ezikhethekile.
Ngandlela-thile, isikhathi esiphelele sokuvuna amakhowe sihlukile: amakhowe nama-oyster amakhowe angabonwa cishe ngenyanga, kodwa amakhowe amathiwa angaphambanga nonyaka ozayo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukukhetha lezo amakhowe ezingadingi izimo ezikhethekile zokukhula nezidingo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuphula amakhowe ekhaya kumele kusekelwe ezihlotsheni ezihlukahlukene.
Ukulungiselela izakhiwo zokulima amakhowe
Ukulima amakhowe ekhaya, kungcono ukusebenzisa noma yiliphi igumbi elingaphansi komhlaba noma elingaphezulu (isitezi, igaraji, isitolo semifino, igcina). Lesi sikhala kufanele sikuvumele ukuthi udale imodi yokushisa efanelekile, umoya wokukhanya, ukukhanyisa kanye nomswakama. Ngendlela, kusuka kumitha eyodwa yesigcawu ungakwazi ukuvuna kalula amakhilogremu amathathu amakhowe. Ngakho-ke, kufanele nakanjani ucabange indawo yonke yekamelo. Izansi ekamelweni kufanele zenziwe ngekhonkri noma izitini, futhi izindonga zivaliwe futhi zihlanjululwe ngosizo lwesikhumba. Uma nje ulethe igumbi ngendlela efanele, ungakhohlwa ukukhipha amagciwane ngokuphelele.
Ukulungiswa kwe-substrate esemqoka
Ukuhlakulela kwanoma yikuphi amakhowe kuqala ngokukhethwa nokulungiswa komphakathi wezakhi (substrate). Njengehlabathi, ungasebenzisa utshani, okusanhlamvu, ama-husks ezinhlamvu ze-sunflower, i-sawdust. Noma iyiphi yalezi zinto kufanele kuqala ichotshozwe, bese ugoba bese ubilisa ngamanzi abilayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, inqwaba ewumphumela igxiliwe ukuze kuthi uma uyifinyelela emanzini amanzi abonakala kancane.
Inoculation of amakhowe
Manje ku-substrate ehlile kuya ku-degrees angu-30 kuyadingeka ukuthi ulethe i-mycelium ngokulinganayo, ukubala 300-500 amagremu ngamakhilogremu angu-10 wephakathi. Izidingo ezimanjiwe ezimanzi kufanele ziphonswe zibe izikhwama futhi ziboshwe. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamakhowe amakhowe, zingabhidliza ngokuphepha endaweni egumbini elimnyama, lapho kubonakala khona umswakama ofanelekile. Ukuhlela izikhwama emashalofini ukuze kutholakale kalula.
Ukudala izimo ezifanele zokukhula
Ukushisa kwomoya ngesikhathi sokutshala kufanele kube ama-20-25 degrees, kodwa umswakama u-90-95%. Ngendlela, ukuze i-fungus ikhule ngokushesha futhi ithole ukushintshwa kwegesi okudingekile, kubalulekile ukusika izimbobo eziyi-15 emabhuloki amakhowe ngamunye ezinhlangothini ezimbili.
Ukunakekela amakhowe
Ngemuva kokuba izikhwama zibe nombala omhlophe, udinga ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ukuya kuma-degree angu-20. Khona-ke udinga ukuvula ukukhanya okuphansi. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi amabhokisi amakhowe asetshenzisini, amamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingamatshumi amahlanu we-100-watt ibhubhu ayothola. Ukukhanyisa kufanele kuqhubeke amahora angu-9 ngosuku.
Futhi, amakhowe akhula adinga umoya we-ventilation ngezikhathi ezithile, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-fungus iyasebenza kakhulu emkhathini we-carbon dioxide. Ekamelweni elincane, umoya wokuphuza umoya osebenzayo usebenzisa i-fan noma ukukhipha kufanelekile.
Ukuvuna Okufanelekile
Ukuvuna amakhowe kufanele futhi ukwazi ukulimaza i-mushroom block, futhi ngeke kulungele isivuno esilandelayo. Ukuqoqa isivuno, udinga ukufaka izikhwama ezinkampeni ezindala bese wenza izinombolo ezintsha. Akudingekile ukunikeza amakhowe asebegugile, ngoba angeke athole noma iyiphi i-tastier, futhi iyoba yingozi kakhulu ekuvuneni okulandelayo!