Umbono wezwe uhlukile.
Izingane eziyimpumputhe noma ezimpumputhe zibona umhlaba ngezinye izinzwa, kunzima kakhulu ukuzivumelanisa nokuqonda konke okuzungezile. Badinga isikhathi esengeziwe nokusekelwa okukhethekile ukuthuthukisa lawo makghono alula kakhulu kubantwana ababona. Kulula ukuqonda ukuthi amathoyizi ezemfundo ezinganeni eziyimpumputhe yilabo bokuqala nabasebenza kuphela ekusizeni izitho zomqondo.
Amathoyizi.
Amathoyizi ozikhethela izingane kufanele abe ezithakazelweni zawo. Abanye abantwana bathanda imidlalo yangaphandle, abanye bakhetha isikhathi sokuthula. Kubalulekile ukuhlola izidakamizwa zengane yakho futhi uthenge ithoyizi elingeke lijabulise ukuchitha isikhathi, kodwa lizokwenza amakhono namakhono okuphila adingekayo.
Izingane ezingaboni ziyabonga umhlaba ngezinye izinzwa.
Izimpawu zamathoyizi ezinganeni ezimpumputhe.
Amathoyizi ezemfundo ezinganeni eziyimpumputhe kufanele ahluke ekuthunjweni, ngobukhulu, ngesisindo, futhi abe nokunye umehluko emkhakheni wezinzwa ezithintekayo. Yebo, uma amathoyizi enamahlumela amaningi, izimbobo, amashintshi, izindlela zokujikeleza. Lokhu kuvumela ingane ukuthi ifunde ukuhlola uhlobo lwezinto ngokusebenzisa ucwaningo lwabo. Umehluko ekuthunjweni, isibonelo, okulukhuni, okuhluthayo, okugubha kanye nokulala okubushelelezi, kuzovumela ingane ukuba iqhathanise izindawo zezinto futhi ihlukanise kuphela ngokuthinta, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izithombe ezibukwayo. Lena ikhono elibaluleke kakhulu kubantwana abayizimpumputhe. Uma kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokuzwa okwenzela ingane ngosizo lwezithoyizi, nakakhulu uyoba nethuba lokunquma ngokushesha nangendlela efanele imvelo ezungezile esikhathini esizayo.
Amathoyizi amancane amancane.
Ngesizo samathoyizi ahlanganisiwe, njengamapuzzles, izingane zizokwazi ukuqonda izinto ezincane njengengxenye yento yonke, into enkulu. Noma yiziphi izinto ezincane ezinzima ukuthatha ngeminwe yakho zithuthukisa amakhono amancane emoto kubantwana bakho. Futhi lokhu, njengoba ososayensi babonisile, kushukumisa umsebenzi wobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, amathoyizi anjalo awawusizo kuphela izingane ezivamile, zizosiza ikakhulukazi izingane ezinombono onqunyelwe. Amathoyizi amancane kufanele abe ngabantwana banoma yikuphi ubudala. Kwabancane, amathoyizi angeke athathwe emlonyeni noma azilimaze ngokwawo afanelekile. Yebo, uma banephethini encane, etholakala ukuhlola noma ukushintsha isimo. Kufanele bahlanze kahle, njengoba izingane zihlala zidonsa ithoyizi emlonyeni. Izingane ezinokubona okulinganiselwe kwanoma yikuphi ubudala zingcono ekukhetheni amathoyizi afana nokulingana kwengane, kungenjalo kunzima ukuba benze isithombe esiphezulu sendaba.
Indaba-indima yemidlalo.
Fundisa izingane ukuba zikhulumisane futhi zizobenza zizithembele ngokwazo emidlalweni yemidlalo ehlukahlukene. Lokhu kudinga amaqhawe - amadonsa, amathoyizi enkundleni, amathoyizi angaphakathi ezindlini zezingane, izitsha, amathoyizi athambile.
Ukujwayela ngezwe eliyinkimbinkimbi yobuchwepheshe kanye nemithetho yomzimba kungase kuqale ngamathoyizi ahlukahlukene. Kudingeka ukhethwe ngokucophelela, ukuze abaphathi bangabi nzima, futhi ingane eyimpumputhe ingayibhekana nayo ngokuzimela. Kungaba izimoto, abaklami, izinhlobo zezinye izinto zokusebenza. Kubalulekile ukufundisa ingane ukuba isebenzise amathoyizi anjalo, imchaze umehluko ezenzweni zabo, ngoba ingathola incazelo yalezi zihloko kuphela kusukela ekukhulumeni kwabantu abadala nokuzizwa kwayo.
Ikhono lokuhlukanisa imisindo ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izingane ezimpumputhe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, noma yimiphi imidlalo eveza umsindo uma uchofoza izinkinobho noma amathoyizi - uphinda. Ungadlala nomntwana ndawonye, umfundise indlela yokunquma amandla wezwi kuye ngokuthi ibanga. Kunzima ukuzwa. Uza eduze - kangcono ukuzwa. Lokhu kuzofundisa izingane eziyimpumputhe ukuba zihlole kahle ibanga lento, kungcono ukuhamba endaweni. Lena enye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izingane ezimpumputhe.
Amathoyizi ezemfundo nge-Braille.
Amathoyizi akhethwe ngokukhethekile ezinganeni eziyimpumputhe nezingaboni kahle nge-Braille. Ngosizo lwabo ungafundisa izingane ukuba zifunde futhi zibale.
Ukubaluleka okukhulu emfundweni yezingane eziyimpumputhe kunikezwa isimo sabo somzimba. Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi imishini yezemidlalo namadivaysi ezemidlalo kuzokwenza kube lula ukuqinisa impilo yengane, ukugcina imisipha ngezwi. Izingane ezikhuliswe ngokwenyama zizokwazi ukuhlanganyela emidlalweni ehlangene, imincintiswano yezemidlalo, izimpilo zabo ziyoba mnandi futhi zicebile.
Zonke lezi zinto zokudlala zihlukile eqenjini ngalinye leminyaka. Ngokuvamile iminyaka enconyiwe yamathoyizi yisikhathi esinconywayo, noma kunjalo, uma kuthengwa ithoyizi labafundi abayizimpumputhe, kubalulekile ukucabangela iqiniso lokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwabo kungase kube khona ngemuva kwesikhathi. Kulokhu, amathoyizi adinga ukuthengwa, ecabangela izici zomuntu ngamunye zentuthuko, mhlawumbe, ukuthatha lezo ezihloswe ezincane.
Amathoyizi wezingane ezinemibala ekhanyayo.
Ezinye izingane, naphezu kwezinkinga zabo ezibukwayo, ziyakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokukhanya nokubona imibala. Ngakho-ke, ziyizinto ezifanelekayo zamathoyizi ezikhanyayo imibala, nokusetshenziswa kwezibani, ama-light bulbs. Imiphumela enjalo ikuvumela ukuba usebenze umsebenzi wezinzwa ze-optic, uthuthukise impendulo.
Kuyizimpumputhe, ithoyizi yindlela ewukuphela kokunikeza umbono wezinto ezizungezile (empeleni, umuntu akanakuzwa ibhere langempela). Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha ithoyizi, kuyadingeka ukuba uhlole ukufaneleka kobukhulu bawo, ubuqiniso befomu, ezinye izici ezijwayelekile ezihambisana nento eyodwa noma enye into. Uma kungenjalo, ukumelelwa kahle kwengane mayelana nezinto ezinjalo kungaphula.
Amajethi.
Kunezigajethi zanamuhla - amathoyizi, ahlose ukuthuthukisa ubuciko obuyimpumputhe yabantwana abayizimpumputhe. Isibonelo, kunamadivayisi wokwakha imidwebo. Ukudweba kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile, esebenzisa ifonti ye-Braille ukusetha umbala odingekayo. Yiqiniso, ingane ngokwayo ngeke ikwazi ukubona ubuciko bakhe obucwebezelayo, kodwa izojabulisa izihlobo zayo noma iqhaza embukisweni noma eminye imicimbi. Amathoyizi anjalo anikezela ekuhloleni okulungile kwezici zomuntu siqu, unike ithuba lokuzwa ilungu eligcwele lomphakathi, ziphakamise ukuzethemba.