Kunzima ukwazi kahle ukuthi isisindo somntwana siyoba nini lapho sizalwa. Isisindo esijwayelekile samabele asanda ku-3.3 kuya ku-3.7 kg, futhi ukuphakama ngamamitha angu-50. Amathambo e-skull awaxoshwa, lokhu kubasiza ukuba badle kancane kancane, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise ububanzi bekhanda njengoba kudlula emgodini wokuzalwa.
Isikhathi sokubeletha singamaviki angu-40: umntwana
Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi abantwana beza emhlabeni bephethe amakhanda ahlotshiswe amaqanda.
Ngokushesha ikhanda lomntwana likhawulwe ngendandatho yezinyosi, udokotela ususa umcubu endleleni yokuphefumula yengane ngokusebenzisa ipompo kagesi egesi. Lokhu kuzovumela umntwana osanda kuzalwa ukuba athathe umoya wokuqala ekuphileni. Ngokulandelayo, bayacubungula futhi banqume intambo yomzimba, umntwana uboniswa kumama wakhe, futhi kubikwa ubulili bakhe. Emaminithini okuphila oku-1 no-5 isimo somntwana kulinganiselwa esikalini se-Apgar. Khona-ke lowo omncane uthathwa ukuze athole isisindo, ulinganisa, ulinganise ukuphakama, umjikelezo wesifuba nekhanda, uthatha indlu yangasese yokuqala futhi uthola izenzo zokuvimbela i-gonoblenorrhea (zifaka amaconsi okwelapha akhethekile emehlweni).
Kukhona izinguquko ohlelweni lwe-endocrine lwengane. Kukhona ukwanda kwesikhumba se-adrenal futhi izinso ziyanda. Lapho bebeletha, baveza ama-hormone okucindezeleka: i-norepinephrine ne-adrenaline. Le nqubo kusiza ingane ukuthi ikwazi ukuhlanganyela ekusebenzeni kokubeletha futhi iyasiza ukuba izalwe.
Ingane nayo ine "ukujwayela" okusiza inqubo yokuzalwa. Okubaluleke kunazo zonke yisimo samathambo angama-cranial - alula futhi aphelile, ama-suture ama-cranial awazange ahlanganiswe futhi phakathi kwawo kukhona ama-fontanel amabili: i-parietal-ngaphezulu, etholakala ngenhla ebusweni, futhi i-occipital isendaweni yesimo se-occipital.
Emasontweni angama-40 kukhona ukuqhubeka kokuthuthukiswa kwesimiso sezinzwa kanye nezitho zokuzwa. I-kid ibonisa ukusabela emibonisweni yemizwelo evela kumama. Ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, umntwana unikeza umama isisindo - isibonakaliso ekuqaleni kokubeletha, okuyisiqalo sokubeletha.
Ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwengane, i-bilirubin yamahhala, eyakhiwa enganeni, ihamba nge-placenta futhi esibindi sikamama sidlula i-neutralization yayo. Ukwakhiwa kwe-bilirubin kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokubola kwama-erythrocyte. Lapho umntwana ezalwa, intambo yomzimba, ewuxhuma nomama, inqunywa, futhi kusukela manje umzimba wengane uqobo udinga ukubhekana ne-bilirubin eyenziwa.
Imibuzo ethinta owesifazane ngaphambi kokubeletha
- I-Jaundice yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa
Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, i-metabolism ye-bilirubin ingaphazanyiswa, bese okuqukethwe kwayo kwegazi kukhulu. I-jaundice enganeni, ikakhulukazi usana olusanda kuzalwa, ivame kakhulu kunabantu abadala.
Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi abantwana abasanda kuzalwa, abavame ukugcwala, ukushintshaniswa kwe-bilirubin kumane kuphazanyiswe ngenxa yokusebenza okwanele kwe-enzyme okubhekene ne-bilirubin metabolism. Isibonakaliso esicacile se-jaundice ngumbala ophuzi wesikhumba kanye ne-sclera iso.
Ukwelashwa kwenziwa nge-phototherapy. Ingane ifakwa ngaphansi kwezibani ezithile, lapho imilayezo idlula khona esikhumbeni futhi ichithe amaseli e-bilirubin. Akukacaci ukuthi i-bilirubin iphuma kanjani emzimbeni womntwana. Ngokunyuka okukhulu kokuqukethwe kwalesi sici, ukumpontshelwa igazi kusetshenziswa. - Izifo zezingane ezisanda kuzalwa
Okuqukethwe okukhudlwana kwe-bilirubin egazini kubizwa ngokuthi i-hyperbilirubinemia, kuphela ingane ezalwe lokhu ingabangela ukungena kwe-bilirubin yezinso nokukhubazeka kwesikhungo sokuphefumula. Lesi sifo sivame ukubonakala ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Isibikezelo somntwana sincike ekungenikeni komonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa zomphakathi. Uma kuboniswa utshwala, kukhona i-jaundice ye-nyukliya, uma ingane ingafi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-5-7 zokuphila, ngokuqhubekayo ishiya ngemuva kokubili ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. - Ingane ethathwa
Ukukhulelwa kuhlehlisiwe uma sekuphele amasonto angaphezulu kwangu-42 emva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuphela kwesikhathi. Ukuthuthukiswa nokukhula kwengane esibelethweni kuxhomeke emisebenzini emibili eyinhloko eyenziwa yi-placenta - ukondla ingane enezakhi nomoya. Ngokukhulelwa okukhulelwe, i-placenta isivele isebenza isikhathi sayo, ikhula futhi ibeke kahle ingane inikeze izinto ezifanele empilweni yakhe. Ngakho-ke, ingozi yokuphefumula kwe-oksijeni yokuntuleka komntwana kanye nokufa kwayo ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokubeletha kwanda.
Lapho idluliselwa noma ikhulelwe ingane lapho isikhumba sikhulayo, isikhumba sifike ndawonye, sidonsa izipikili noma izipikili isikhathi eside futhi azikho izinwele. Ngokuvamile, lawa bantwana awunayo i-grease yokuqala noma encane kakhulu.
Kulezi zimo, kubalulekile ukwazi inani elifanele lamasonto okukhulelwa, ngoba lokhu kubangelwa indlela izakhi kanye ne-oksijini eya emntwaneni kusukela ku-placenta.
Amaviki angu-40 ukubeletha: izinguquko ezikhulelwe
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-9 kufika usuku lokubeletha, futhi emavikini angu-40 ukuqala komsebenzi akuzange kufike. Kodwa kungase kube khona isikhathi esabekwa kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lwenyanga eyedlule, hhayi ngqo, ngoba kuye, odokotela bacabanga ukuthi i-ovulation yayiphakathi komjikelezo, futhi iqanda lingase lilungele futhi libe nesonto.
Amaviki angu-40 okukhulelwa - ukuqala komsebenzi: ukulethwa kwemvelo
Uma owesifazane enquma ukubeletha ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia, khona-ke kufanele alungiselele ukuzalwa okunjalo.
Yiqiniso, ukubeletha kwemvelo kungase kungabi kuzo zonke izimo futhi hhayi kubo bonke abesifazane. Lapho efika esibhedlela, ukuvulwa komlomo wesibeletho kungu-1 cm kuphela (ukulethwa kuyothatha isikhathi eside), kodwa umama usebuhlungu obukhulu, okusho ukuthi ukuzalwa kwemvelo kuye kuyoba kakhulu. Kulesi simo, kusadingeka ukusebenzisa i-epidural anesthesia.
Kodwa uma ukuvezwa komlomo wesibeletho kungu-4 cm, ukulwa akulona ubuhlungu, khona-ke ukuzalwa ngokwemvelo kungenzeka kube yisinqumo esifanele.
Ngesikhathi samanje, indlela ethandwa kakhulu yiLamaz - ukulungele ukusebenza kokubeletha. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, uthola ulwazi oludingekayo namakhono okusebenza ngaphambi kokubeletha. Ukuqeqeshwa kuqhutshwa ochwepheshe kanye nomama abanolwazi "nabasizi". Kubalulekile ukuthi umama wesikhathi esizayo uhlanganyele naye "umsizi" wakhe, ngoba ukulungiswa kuzosiza ngokwengqondo ukuhlolisisa imisebenzi yemisebenzi.
Ukulungiswa kokubeletha ngale ndlela kuyoba ngcono uma "umsizi" wesifazane okhulelwe eba yingxenye yokuzivocavoca ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi kanye nabo. Owesifazane uboniswa amasu okugxila ezintweni, lapho angakwazi khona ukukhulula ukuzwela kobuhlungu.
Kubalulekile ukuthi owesifazane osebenzayo ulawula uhlelo lokuzalwa futhi alungiselele izinselele ezihlukahlukene, ngoba inkambo yokuzalwa ayikwazi ukuboniswa.
Inhloso yokuzalwa ukuzalwa kwengane enempilo. Futhi uma kunesidingo sesigaba se-cearean, lokhu akusho ukuthi umama wagcwalisa injongo yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwesigaba se-cearean ngalesi sikhathi kuphephile. Futhi injabulo enkulu okwamanje abantwana, ababhujiswa ngaphambili, manje bazalwa.