I-Asperger syndrome ibhekisela emafomu we-autism, okungenani, yilokho okukhethwe khona ezincwadini zezokwelapha. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kuthathwa kaningi kakhulu ebuntwaneni, phakathi kweminyaka engama-4 no-11. Kungashiwo ukuthi i-Asperger syndrome iboniswa ngombono womuntu wezwe ekuziphatheni okungalungile komphakathi, kanye nangesimo sengqondo esingavamile sokuxhumana. Abantu abanalesi sifo bahlangabezana nobunzima ezindaweni ezintathu: ukukhulumisana kwezenhlalakahle, ukucabanga komphakathi kanye nokuxhumana komphakathi.
Ukunquma ekuboneni kuqala umuntu obhekene ne-Asperger's syndrome noma, njengoba kuthiwa nangokuthi "i-autism spectrum disorder", akunakwenzeka. Laba bantu abanakho okungajwayelekile okubonakalayo, ungabona ukuthi kukhona isifo kuphela kule nqubo yokuxhumana. Emithonjeni yezokwelapha, le syndrome ihlukaniswa njengokuphulwa kokuxhumana komphakathi, okuyinto ethinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza okuvamile komuntu ohlelweni lokuphila kwakhe.
Izinkinga eziyinhloko
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi abantu abahlukunyezwa yi-Asperger's syndrome bangadala impilo ejwayelekile futhi egcwele ekudaleni izimo ezifanele kubo. Nakuba ososayensi abathile bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sifo singase sibe nokufana kakhulu ne-autism, njengoba abantu abane-Asperger's syndrome behlehliswa ngokwengqondo, isithombe esiphezulu sibonisa ukuthi le disorder ihlobene kakhulu nokuphazamiseka kokuxhumana komphakathi. Abantu abaningi abaye batholakala ukuthi bane-Asperger's syndrome esemncane, njengoba bekhulile, bazivumelanisa nokuningi nokuhlala emphakathini kanti ezinye izimpawu zivele ngemuva.
Eqinisweni, izinkinga ezinkulu zalabo bantu zilandelayo:
- ubunzima ngombono wezenhlalakahle - bangase bangaqondi ngokugcwele lokho abanye abantu abakushoyo, abakwazi ukucabangela inkambo yokuthuthukiswa kwemicimbi, kanye nobuhlobo, kunzima ukuba bahumushe imicabango nemizwa yabanye. Abantu abane-Asperger's Syndrome baqonda konke ngokweqiniso, musa ukusabela ngamahlaya futhi aboni ukuthi kusho ukuthini izinkulumo ezizinzile (amayunithi ebhaliwe kanye nama-aphorisms);
- ubunzima bokuxhumana nabantu - laba bantu bangase bafune ukuxhumana, kodwa ngenxa yokugula kwabo bahlale behlangabezana nezinkinga ezifanayo. Abanaso ubudlelwane bomngane, abakwazi ukusekela njalo ingxoxo, bangaqala ukukhuluma ngesihloko esivinjelwe ngokuphelele noma babuze imibuzo engalungile. Ngokuvamile, abantu abane-Asperger's syndrome babesabisa abanye abantu ngokungaboni kakhulu futhi basondelene nokufinyelela komunye umuntu, ukuziphatha ngokungalungile, noma ukuxoshwa kubo bonke ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- ubunzima bokuxhumana nabantu - abantu abanjalo abakwazi ukuqonda njalo ukubonakala kwesobuso, ithoni yezwi kanye nemibono yabanye abantu. Uma ukhuluma amagama anzima ukuwakhipha (isibonelo, imigomo yesayensi) noma uma uhlanganisa imisho eyinkimbinkimbi, angase angaqondi ngokugcwele incazelo yawo.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, laba bantu bangaba nomcabango ocebile, amathalenta baze babe abaculi abavelele, odokotela, abameli kanye nokunye. Izinga lobuhlakani babo, ngokuvamile, aliphansi kunezinye, abantu abaphilile kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi kufinyelela ezingeni elingaphezu kwesilinganiso. Amakhono okukhuluma alabo bantu ezimweni eziningi azifani namakhono abanye abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abane-Asperger's Syndrome bangakwazi ukulungisa ngendaba eyodwa noma into bese beyifunde ngokujulile. Ezimbonini lapho kudingeka khona ukwenza izenzo ezenzakalelayo, usuku nosuku wenza umsebenzi ofanayo wohlelo, abantu abanjalo nabo bangaphumelela.
Izici ezihlukile
Abantu abaye bahlushwa ngokuthi "i-Asperger syndrome" basengakhetha phakathi kwesixuku ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, ngaphandle kwalabo abathintekayo kuphela ekusebenziseni ukuxhumana. Lezi zimfanelo zihlanganisa: ukuthakazelisa ngendaba ethile, ukuvela kwendlela yokuzilibazisa, lapho umuntu echitha sonke isikhathi sakhe, isifiso sokuqoqa, ubunzima bezinzwa (izinkinga ngezinzwa, ukubona, iphunga nezinye izitho zengqondo), uthando ngomyalelo nangendlela ethile ehleliwe yokuphila .
Esimweni sokuqala, umdlandla onjalo ungathuthukisa ingqondo kanye namakhono kuphela, kodwa futhi uhlele ukukhulumisana komphakathi, uma ukuzilibazisa komuntu okungenani kuhlangene nabantu noma umphakathi. Lokhu "ukulungiswa" kungakhula ibe isifundo esijulile, futhi kamuva emsebenzini. Ngokuqondene nokuthanda uhlelo oluthile nokuhleleka, kungamane kukhululeke abantu abane-autistic disorder ekucindezelekeni nokwesaba, ngoba basibona thina nezwe ngandlela-thile, ngamehlo abo futhi kubonakala sengathi besaba kakhulu ezimweni eziningi.
Izinkinga ezibonakalayo zingazibonakalisa ngokwayo kakhulu noma ngokuphambene nalokho, embonweni ongathuthuki, iphunga, ukuzwa. Isibonelo, imisindo ephakeme kakhulu, imibala ekhanyayo ingabangela ukwesaba noma ukucindezeleka. Futhi laba bantu babhekana nobunzima nokuzwa kwemizimba yabo, abaziqondisi kahle emkhathini, abahlobanisi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi bangasondela kanjani eduze nabanye. Futhi, kaningi labo abangakubekezeli ukuthinta, abantu abane-disistic disorder bangathola ubuhlungu bangempela kusuka othinta okunjalo.
Kungenzeka yini ukuphulukisa?
Lesi sifo sivame ukutholakala sisebuntwaneni futhi umuntu uphoqeleka ukuba aphile nayo yonke impilo yakhe. Ngezinye izikhathi lapho abantu bekhulayo abantu balahla izimpawu ezithile, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuphulukisa ngokuphelele le-syndrome. Izidakamizwa ezingahle "ziphulukise" kuze kube yimanje azikho. Kungenzeka kuphela ukusebenzisa izindlela ezingezona zokwelapha ezingelapheki, kodwa zizokwazi ukusekela umuntu esifundazweni esiseduze nesimo sabantu abanempilo. Lezi zindlela zingathuthukisa izinga lompilo womuntu, futhi zimsize athuthukise amakhono nokuxhumana namakhono. Izindlela ezinjalo zihlanganisa: i-psychotherapy yokucabanga-yokuziphatha, umzimba wokuzivocavoca umzimba ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhambelana nokuhamba, ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono omphakathi. Uma kunesidingo, ukwelashwa kwezifo ezivumelanako, njengokucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka, neurosis, kuyenziwa.