Ukubheka kuphi
Kukhona izinhlelo ezimbili ezifanayo emzimbeni womuntu: i-blood kanye ne-lymphatic systems. Uma igazi lidla njengento yokudla, i-lymph yinto yokuhlanza. Lesi sitshalo esilula (esiyibiza ngokuthi usitshalo) asiqede futhi sisuse emzimbeni wonke amangqamuzana ayingozi futhi ayingozi, ngisho namaseli ashintshiwe. Emzimbeni wethu uqukethe ngamalitha amabili kwaleli ketshezi. I-lymphatic system iqukethe izitsha lymphatic nezigungu zellymid, njengezelph nodes, i-spleen ne-thymus. Amasayithi wezicubu ezinesifo somzimba i-lymphoid, isibonelo, emathangeni, esiswini, emathunjini amancane nasesikhumba. Ama-lymph nodes (i-lymph nodes) yizithuba zokulinda zesimiso se-lymphatic, esisebenza njengesihlungi sezinto eziphilayo. Isibonelo, i-lymph nodes yentamo ihlinzeka ukuvikelwa ekufakeni izifo kanye nezicubu zekhanda kanye nezitho ezisemqaleni. Emantanjeni ye-lymph akhiqizwa i-lymphocytes (amhlophe amangqamuzana egazi, okuyizona eziyisivikelo esikhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokutheleleka, ama-parasites, ama-microbes). Lona ibutho lomkhuhlane wethu. Lezi zindawo ziyizikhalazo zokuphepha ezivimbela ukungena kwezinto ezinobungozi ezingase zibe yingozi ekuhambeni kwegazi okujwayelekile: ezindaweni ezithatha "ezakhe" futhi zibhubhise "abangabazi", ngaleyo ndlela zilondoloze ukuzivikela kwabo. Ama-lymph nodes atholakala eceleni kwemikhumbi ye-lymphatic, amaqoqo ezicucu ezingafika ku-10 eduze kwemithambo yegazi, kaningi eduze kwemifudlana emikhulu. Amaqembu angaba ngu-150 ama-lymph nodes ahlukanisiwe emzimbeni womuntu. Phakathi kwezinto ezifinyeleleka kakhulu ekuhlosweni nasekuhloleni - entanyeni, ekudleni, emagqumeni, emagqumeni nasemadolweni, endaweni yokuhluma.
Uhlelo lokuzivikela
Esikhathini se-lymphatic system, kukhona "ukuhlukana kwemisebenzi" ecacile, ngakho-ke ama-lymph nodes ayitholakali ngokungahleliwe, kodwa njengokungathi emingcele yenkinga yenkinga. Isibonelo, ama-tonsils ahlala emngceleni wesigcawu se-nasopharyngeal kanye nomgudu wamathunjini. I-node ngayinye ithola i-lymph kusuka kuphela lezo zitho lapho izitsha ze-lymph ezondla zivela khona. Esikhathini se-lymphatic gland kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemikhumbi: izitsha ezifaka i-knot zibizwa ngokuthi ziletha, umsebenzi wazo ukuletha i-lymph. Izitsha ezishiya i-lymph nodes zinezinye izinkinga - ziguqula i-lymph. Ngakho-ke, i-lymphocytes inezakhiwo eziyingqayizivele: ezindaweni eziphazanyiswayo. Uhlelo lwe-lymph evikelayo lune "abasebenzi" - i-thymus, noma i-thymus gland. Leli yilungu elawula umsebenzi we-lymph yonke uhlelo. I-Thymus yakhiwa ngaphambi kwamanye ama-lymphoid formations, ngeviki lesi-5 lokukhulelwa. Itholakala ngemuva kwesigaba esingaphezulu sternum. Ama-stem amaseli egazini abumba emnothweni we-bone, angena ku-thymus, aphenduke ama-T-lymphocyte engavumelekile. Lawa maseli, kanye nama-B-lymphocytes ema-lymph nodes, "ahlasela" izidumbu zangaphandle zomzimba. T-amaseli ahamba emzimbeni kanye ne-lymph. Sekukhulile, i-thymus iqala "ukuma," futhi iphenduke izicubu ze-adipose ngesikhathi iguga. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, izakhi ze-lymphoid zishintshwa ngamanoni, yingakho abantu asebekhulile behluleka ukubhekana nezifo.
Uma ama-lymph nodes ekhulisiwe
Indawo esetshenziselwa ukuhlaselwa kwe-lymph nodes nokukhushulwa kwendawo kungakhuluma ngezifo zezingxenye ezizungezile. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, ukwanda kwama-lymph node engumgogodla kuyinto ephawulekayo, nge-angina kanye nokuvuvukala okuhlukahlukene komphimbo, amahlumela ekukhuleni kwentamo. Umuntu ofanelekayo kuphela onganquma ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka noma isifo ngobukhulu bama-lymph nodes. Esimweni esinempilo, i-lymph nodes ayitholakali. Ngokuvamile zivame endaweni lapho kukhona khona ingozi eqhubekayo emzimbeni - isifo noma isisu. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi ifindo elivuvukile entanyeni lingafakaza nge-ARVI, nokubola kwezinyo, ngisho nokuthi usanda ukushisa elangeni. Mhlawumbe i-lymph node izobuyela esimweni sayo esivamile ngaphandle kokungenelela, ngakho akufanelekile ukwakha izifo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha. Ngezinye izikhathi i-lymph node echazwe kahle iyinhlobonhlobo yesimiso. Isibonelo, ngokuvamile kuvamise kubantu abanesisindo somzimba esincane. Ezinganeni ezincane lokhu kungaba isici sokwakha. Noma kunjalo, kwaziwa ukuthi ukwanda okwenziwe ngobukhulu be-lymph node eyodwa - ngaphezu kuka 2.5 cm - ngokuvamile kubonisa isifo esibi. Ukuxilongwa okuqondile kungenziwa udokotela kuphela emva kochungechunge lwezinqubo zokuxilonga: ukuqala nge-palpation encane, bese usebenzisa idatha ye-ultrasound neyokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa, ikhompyutha ye-tomography ingasetshenziswa, lapho kutholakala khona "tincetu" ezincane kakhulu - izithombe ze-lymph nodes nezindawo eziseduze zesistimu ye-lymphatic. Uma i-lymph node ikhuphukile, akukho-ndlela okufanele usebenzise izindlela zomuntu: amaqanda okushisa, amaqanda abandayo noma abandayo, uya ebhodini noma ku-sauna bese usebenzisa "imishini yamanzi lymphatic" ngomphumela wokupholisa. Ijubane livuvukile, ngoba kukhona ukulwa okusebenzayo nama agent anobungozi, zonke lezi zinto zizosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi usakaze ukutheleleka emzimbeni.
Indawo egulayo
Ngaphandle kokwandisa i-lymph node, kubalulekile ukulalela ukunakekelwa kwezinzwa ezibuhlungu. Kulokhu, ubuhlungu bubonisa ukuthi i-lymph node ngokwayo iyathinteka, futhi ukungabi khona kwayo ukuthi lesi sifo sinendawo ethile eduze nayo. Lona umehluko obalulekile. I-Lymphadenopathy i-lymph node yokwandiswa okungenakubuhlungu, okubonisa ukuthi lesi sifo sisezigumbini noma izicubu eziseduze nale node. Uma i-lymph node eyodwa ivuvukile, kubalulekile ukunaka ukuthi izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-node iyanda ngokwevolumu. Izinqubo ezinjalo zivame ukuvela ngemuva noma ngemuva kokutheleleka. Ekupheleni kwendlela yokwelashwa, ama-node kufanele ekugcineni abuyele evamile. Ukwanda kwenani lama-lymph nodes kungabonisa isifo esibi: i-viral, fungal noma ibhaktheriya. Ngenkinga yokuthola i-diagnosis efanele kanye nenkambo yokwelashwa, i-node nekhathi kufanele ihle ngesayizi. Enye iphuzu elibalulekile ukugoma. Ngokuvamile, ukukhuliswa kwe-lymph node yendawo kwenzeka emva kokugoma ngokumelene ne-diphtheria, i-pertussis ne-tetanus (i-DTP). Futhi, odokotela, banikeze ukusabela kwe-hypersensitivity nemithi ethile kanye nezinto, okungaholela ekunyuseni okwesikhashana kwezitho zamakhemikhali. Inkolelo kaDarwin yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yayithonya kakhulu ososayensi ukuthi yonke into emzimbeni womuntu, engazange ichazwe, yayibhekwa njengento ehlukumezayo (engafani, echo of past). Okokuqala, ama-tonsils ne-appendix awela kulolu hlu. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka lama-XX kwakukholelwa ukuthi bangadliwa ngaphandle kokubeka ingozi empilweni, hhayi kuphela esimweni sokuvuvukala. Abanye odokotela batusa ukuthi basuswe "kusengaphambili" ukuze bangabi nezinkinga uma bevutha. Manje odokotela emhlabeni wonke baye bafinyelela eziphethweni ezifanayo: abantu abanezinhlayiya ezisusiwe noma i-appendicitis basengozini yezifo ezimbi. Amathani - ama-lymph nodes kuphela entanyeni nasekhanda, futhi uwasika - kusho ukunquma ingxenye yesimiso sokuzivikela, hhayi kuphela ukuphefumula, kodwa nokuzwa, umbono, ubuchopho. Ukutadisha okuningiliziwe komsebenzi wamatoni kwaholela ekutholeni okuqhakazile: kwavela ukuthi uhlobo lwe-laboratory ye-immune. Futhi ama-tonsil akagcini ukutheleleka kuphela, ama-microbes afika kithi angaphandle, emoyeni noma kokudla, kodwa futhi ngaphakathi ngaphakathi-kukhona ukuzivikela okusebenzayo ngokushintsha komdlavuza. Iphuzu liwukuthi uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-B-limfocytes, olubhekene nokuphepha kwendlela yokuphefumula nengxenyeni engenhla yendlela yokugaya, iqala lapha. Ipheshana lokugaya isiteshi lapho ukugeleza kwezinto zangaphandle kugeleza khona njalo.
Lapha kulesi sigameko emathunjini futhi "kuvezwe" ngamagundane e-lymphoid, enye yezinamandla kakhulu - esithasiselo. Esikhathini esingqimba samadonga ohlangothini, izinhlanzi eziningi ze-lymphatic ezivikela amathumbu zitholakale, zombili ezivela ezifweni ezithathelwanayo nezifo ezivela ezinganeni. Ngenxa yobuningi besisindo se-lymphoid, ngezinye izikhathi isithasiselo sithiwa "amathumbu emathumbu". Isithasiselo "sinciphisa" izinambuzane ezizama ukwanda emathunjini. Ngaphakathi kwesithasiselo kukhona njalo isamba samasu senduku, okukhiqiza ama-immunoglobulins nama-mucins angaphinde agodle amathumbu uma kwenzeka i-dysbacteriosis. Kukhona futhi inguqulo ukuthi isithasiselo sivikela ngokumelene nezifo kanye nezitho zomzimba. Ngakho-ke, isithasiselo sisuswa kuphela lapho kwenzeka ukuvuvukala kwayo. Uma i-lymph node ingakhuliswa kuphela kodwa futhi ibuhlungu, lesi simo sabizwa ngokuthi "i-lymphadenitis." Kwenzeka futhi ngezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-bacterial or viral. Kodwa umehluko wukuthi ama-antibodies ku-node awakwazi ukubhekana nokutheleleka futhi mhlawumbe nokususwa. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukwahlulela kuphela ngokuzwa okubuhlungu ngengozi yesifo. Isibonelo, ebuntwaneni nasebusheni, i-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo ivame kakhulu, futhi kubantu asebekhulile - i-arthritis ye-rheumatoid. Enye iphuzu elibalulekile lokuxilongwa akuyona kuphela indawo nobukhulu be-node, kodwa futhi nobukhulu bayo. Uma unamahlumela kakhulu, udokotela ngokushesha. Ungacabangi ukuthi lokhu kungukuthi "wen". Udokotela kuphela ongenza ukuxilongwa lapho ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho incike khona.