Ngaphezu kwalokho, edolobheni ngalinye, endaweni ngayinye kunezinsuku ezingakhohlwayo. Futhi uma wengeza kukho konke amaholidi angokwenkolo, agxile ebuBuddhism noma eShinto (inkolo yesizwe yaseJapane), njalo ngenyanga yonke unyaka uzoba namathuba angama-12 ajabule ukugqoka uphinde uhlele umkhosi omkhulu we-matsouri eJapane. Leli yigama leholide eJapane nganoma yikuphi ukungathí sina.
UMatsuri ukuthandaza
Okuvame ukubhekwa njengendlela yokugubha eYurophu - ukuqhutshwa kwemikhosi noma ukudansa, lapho abahlanganyeli bembatha imaski - sekuyisikhathi eside baba yisici eJapan futhi umkhosi omkhulu we-maturi eJapane ube yingxenye ebalulekile yamaholidi angokwenkolo. AmaJapane agcina izinkolelo ngokucophelela, nemidlalo yemidlalo eyenzelwe ukuxosha imimoya emibi eyaziwa eJapane kusukela ekhulwini le-XII, lapho isungulwa ekukhulekeleni kweBuddhist. Bese babizwa ngokuthi "gaga-ku" futhi babele umqhudelwano wezidlali emasikini ngaphansi komculo osithulu. Ingxenye ephoqelekile ye-gagaku iyigumbi lokugcina lomunye wabalingisi "ingubo" yezingubo (kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ingonyama kuphela ingesabisa imimoya emibi). Ngaphandle kwe-gagaku, enye yokukhiqiza yaseshashalazini yaziwa, i- "bugaku", ababambe iqhaza ababegqoke izingubo ezigqamile futhi bebetha kakhulu emidlalweni yamamitha amathathu. I-Gagaku ne-Bugaku yiyona isisekelo lapho i-classic yaseJapane yaseshashalazini yavela khona, kodwa ama-echoes ezinsizakalo zemidlalo yasendulo aye agcinwa kuze kube yilolu suku futhi akhiqizwa ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sezinkolo zenkolo.
Esinye isici esiyisibopho sikaMatsuri, esasinda kuze kube yilolu suku, yi "mikosi" - ama-altare athathwa ezandleni ngesikhathi sokugubha imikhosi. Kukholelwa ukuthi ema-altare anjalo phakathi neholide umoya wodumo wethempeli uhamba, futhi uqhutshwa ngaphandle kwezindonga zendawo engcwele yokukhulekela yonke indawo. I-Mikosi yenziwe nge-bamboo nephepha, elihlotshiswe ngamabellane nezintambo zesilika. Ngaphandle kwe-mikosi, emlandweni wezemikhosi ungabamba iqhaza "i-dasi" - amapulatifomu eselula okubeka kuzo izibalo zezilwane ezingcwele noma zenganekwane, izithombe zamaqhawe emlandweni waseJapane.
Abaculi bahamba ezindaweni ezifanayo. Naphezu kwesisindo esihle se-dasi (singaba ubukhulu bendlu enemibhoshongo emibili), basuswa noma badonsa ngesandla. U-Dacia no-Mycosi asetshenziselwa iminyaka engamakhulu amaningana - kuze kube yilapho amandla esakhiweni abenziwe kuzo anele. Phakathi kwamaholide bahlukana ngokucophelela futhi bagcine emathempelini. Ukuphatha i-mikosi noma ukudonsa i-dasi kuyisihlonipho kunoma yimuphi umuntu waseJapane, futhi bavele bahlanganyele emigodini, begqoka ama-kimonos akhethekile noma ngisho nakwamanye ama-loincloths.
Namuhla, akekho othatha ngokungathí sina izinkolelo ezibangelwa amasiko athile futhi azibathandi ngisho nabo. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kweMykosi, abaphathi batjela kabanzi ngamanani noma iminyaka yobudala ye-altare kanye nemigqomo kunalokho okushiwo umkhosi. Kodwa umkhuba ngokwawo ugcinwa ngokucophelela. Kwababambiqhaza lokhu akusona nje isizathu sokuzijabulisa. EJapane, ubudlelwane bomakhelwane buqinile, ngakho izakhamuzi ziyajabula ukusebenzisa amathuba okukhulumisana: zihlobisa ithempeli nezindlu eziseduze ezinezibani, zihlanza izitaladi, ezizothatha i-altare, futhi zibeke imakethe mini eduze nethempeli lapho zidayisa khona ama-noodle okuthosiwe nama-pancake ezenziwe ngokupheka okukhethekile.
UMatsuri uzojabula
Ezinsukwini zemikhosi yomphakathi noma yezwe, amaJapane nawo athokoza ubuso futhi agqoke ku-kimono noma izingubo ezikhethekile - isibonelo, ama-Samurai lasendulo kanye ne-geisha. Uma ukholwa yirekhodi yesifunda saseTokyo, kuphela lapha ngonyaka kuhlelwe izinkulungwane zamagagasi omgwaqo, ukuze noma ngubani ohlala khona angakhetha izaba zokuzijabulisa. Kodwa kunezinsuku izwe lonke eligubha ngalo. Enye yalezi ziholide ezivamile - futhi, ngokuyisigameko, esiseduze kakhulu ngesikhathi kanye nomoya kubanikazi baseYurophu - Setsubun. Kugujwa ngoFebruwari, lapho ikhalenda yenyanga ilandelwa ukushintsha okungokomfanekiso ebusika entwasahlobo.
Incazelo engcwele yeholidi ihlanganisa nomqondo wokufa nokuvuswa okulandelayo, kanye nokubonakaliswa kwe-unalism yangunaphakade ye-yang-yang. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwemvelo kusukela ebusika kuya entwasahlobo, amandla okubi ayenamandla kakhulu, futhi kufanele kwenziwe imikhosi ekhethekile ukuze baxoshe kude nabo nabathandekayo. Ngakho-ke, kusukela esikhathini esidala kuze kube yilolu suku, abesifazana bayaphonsa ubhontshisi nxazonke endlini yeSbusubun ebusuku, bathi: "Amademoni - away, inhlanhla - endlini!" Uma ubhontshisi bekufanele uthathe futhi udle: ngayinye imindeni yayidla izicucu lapho iguga, kanye nanye ibhontshisi - ngenhlanhla. Namuhla enye yezingane igqoka njengoveli, kanti ezinye izingane zinezibhontshisi ezithokozisa ezimnandi kuye. Ethempelini nanamuhla, futhi, chasani ubhontshisi - uhlanganiswe kahle ephepheni. Kodwa kuqala ukuqhuba inkonzo kaNkulunkulu.
Ngemva komkhosi, amadoda amaningana aziguqula njengamademoni futhi aphume ethempelini, ehlangene nesixuku. Ama-monks kumele abathole futhi agijime emigwaqweni ngokukhala. O-Bon, usuku lwabafileyo, ugujwa futhi kulo lonke izwe. Kukholelwa ukuthi phakathi nale mkhosi omkhulu we-matsouri eJapane, okhokho bavakashela izindlu lapho behlala khona, futhi babusisa izihlobo zabo. Ethempelini lamaBuddha, umkhosi okhethekile uqhutshwa, ukubulawa. Ngemuva kwaloko abantu bavutha umlilo wokuphumula - okur-bi. Ngokuvamile, esikhundleni somlilo, zikhanyisa i-lantern futhi zivumeleke emanzini. Iholide iyathandwa kakhulu kangangokuba ezinsukwini zayo kuyisiko ukunikeza abasebenzi ithuba lokuhamba ukuze bavakashele amathuna abokhokho babo. O-boon, naphezu kwegama elibi, iholide elijabule futhi elijabulisayo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi bagqoka futhi banikeze izipho. Futhi umdanso ojikelezayo wenziwa, lapho bonke omakhelwane bahlanganyela khona. E-Tochigi Prefecture, lesi siko sakhula saba umkhosi wangempela womdanso. Ngobusuku ka-5 kuya ku-6 ku-Agasti izinkulungwane zabantu abagqoke umdanso we-kimono kwesinye sezigcawu zomuzi kaNikko.
Kodwa amanye amaholidi "ahlanganiswe" ethempelini elithile, idolobha noma indawo. I-Sannin Heret-zu Matsuri, noma "Umkhosi Wezinkulungwane Zabantu." Uyaziwa nangokuthi uTosegu Matsuri, egama lethempeli, lapho ligujwa khona. NgoMeyi 1617, umkhumbi omkhulu kakhulu waya kuleli tempile ukuvuselela umzimba we-shogun uTokugawa Ieyasu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, unyaka nonyaka lo mqhudelwano uvuselelwe kabusha, yonke imininingwane. Emkhosini, awukwazi ukubuka kuphela amasiko amadala, kodwa futhi ubone izikhali zangempela, izikhali, izinsimbi zomculo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-Toseg neholidi elikhulu lamaMatsuri eJapane seliba uhlobo lomkhosi wendabuko: ngaphezu komkhankaso omkhulu we "inzalo yendlu kaTokugawa," bahlela ukudansa nemidlalweni yabantu. Usuku lokuqala lweholide lunikezelwa enkumbulweni ye-shogun. Njengoba kuhambisane nomkhumbi ohlanganisa "igceke" le-shogun nabapristi, izibuko ezintathu zensimbi zenziwa endaweni engcwele yethempeli, lapho imiphefumulo yamaconsi amathathu amancane - iMinamoto Eritomo, To-iti Hideyoshi noTokugawa Ieyasu zihlanganisiwe, futhi zifakwa emi-kosi. UMikosi udluliselwa ethempelini laseFutaarasan, lapho ezohlala khona kuze kube usuku olulandelayo. Futhi ngosuku olulandelayo luqala ngempela "iholidi lezinkulungwane zabantu": ukuhamba kwesiqubuthu esikhulu esibonisa izakhamuzi zaseJapane izikhathi eziqhoshayo. Esikhathini samaprosesa sasihileleka ama-samurai, ama-spearmen, ingxenye yokwakhiwa kwe-shogun, abazingeli abanezintambo ezigxotshiwe ezandleni zabo (i-falconry kwakuyizokuzijabulisa ezithandayo ezihloniphekile).
Ukusuka emimoya emibi umkhumbi uvikelekile "yizingonyama" (abantu abagqoke izimbongolo zezingonyama ezinamazinyo amade) kanye "nezimpungushe" - ngokusho komlando, umoya we-fox uvikela ithempeli likaToseg. Futhi esixukwini kukhona abafana abayishumi nambili-ama-minions, abonisa izilwane ze-zodiac. Ukuphela kweholidi ukubonakala kukaMikosi. Iholide engatholakali encane ingabonwa maphakathi noJulayi eKyoto. UGion Matsuri uphinde wasuka emlandweni. Ngo-896, idolobha laseKyoto lashaywa isifo, kanti izakhamuzi zahlela umkhuleko ohlanganyelwe wokuphulukiswa. Manje abantu abangaba yizigidi bafika eKyoto njalo ngonyaka ukuze bajabulele umgodi kanye ne-hoko ipaki. Umgodi uhlobo lwe-palanquins, olwenziwa emahlombe abo ngabantu abaningana. Futhi i-hoko - izinqola ezinkulu, ezihanjiswa ngesandla. Ukuphakama kwabo kufikela phansi.
Ngaso kanye kakhulu, abaculi bahlala futhi badlale amathoni abantu, ngaphansi kwalabo ababambiqhaza abaqeda i-hoko. Enqoleni enkulu ingane, ebonisa ubuNkulunkulu bethempeli likaJasak. Umqhudelwano uqukethe umgodi ongamashumi amabili nanhlanu nendawo eyisikhombisa. Zihlotshiswe ngokucebile - ikakhulukazi ngenhloso yokuhlobisa ukusebenzisa i-nissin cloth. Ekupheleni kwe-fireworks iholide. Futhi ngo-Septhemba eKamakura ungabheka emincintiswaneni yokushaya umnsalo. Ngo-Septhemba 16, uJabusame ubanjwe lapha, idili lomkhosi, lapho abacibishelayo abagibela khona bedubula khona. Kubalulekile ukushaya izinhloso ezintathu futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukucela onkulunkulu ngokuvuna okucebile nokuphila okunokuthula okunokuthula. Igoli liwukuthi umbusi wenza lesi siko kuqala ngekhulu lesithupha. Ucele onkulunkulu ukuthi babe nokuthula esifundazweni futhi, njengoba bebekele izinhloso ezintathu, bawashaya ngokugcwele. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umkhosi usuwumkhosi owawusemthethweni waminyaka yonke, olandelwa yizo zonke izigameko.
Kusukela ngesikhathi sokudubula ihhashi idabula, akulula ukushaya isisindo samasentimitha angu-50 kuya kwangu-50 ngobukhulu. Ngokwesiko, izinhloso zibekwe ebangeni elilinganayo ukusuka komunye nomunye kude kumamitha angu-218. Yonke into eyenzeka ngaphansi kwempi yamadubhu. Abacibishela bahamba nabagibeli, futhi bonke bagqoke izingubo zenkantolo zendabuko.
Kodwa ukuze uthole isithombe esigcwele ngobukhazikhazi beJapane, ufanele uvakashele u-Didai Matsuri, ohlala eKyoto ngo-Okthoba 22. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko yi-procession ebizwa ngezindleko, abahlanganyeli abagqoke ngokuhambisana nezikhathi ezahlukene zomlando. Igama leholidi lihunyushwa ngokuthi "uMkhosi wama-Epochs". Ngomunye "omncinyane" omkhulu wama-Matsuri amaholide eJapane, owaqala ukuqala ngo-1895 ukugubha iminyaka engu-1100 yokusungulwa kwenhloko-dolobha edolobheni laseKyoto. Ukuhambisana nezigubhu nemicu evela ensimini yombusi ukuya ethempelini laseHeian kushukumisela ukuhamba kwabantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbili. Ilula amakhilomitha angaphezu kwamabili. Umhlobiso oyinhloko we-parade - umfundi we-geisha nomfazi ogqoke kimono yomkhosi. Kuthatha cishe amakhilomitha amahlanu, lapho izilaleli zithanda khona ababukeli abayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ayizinkulungwane.
Kunezikhathi ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili amaholide omlando anemifanekiso yonyaka, futhi ahlelwe, okokuqala, hhayi izivakashi, kodwa amaJapane ngokwabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuyisizathu sokuzijabulisa nokuzilibazisa, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi - ngesikhathi seholide enkulu ye-matsouri eJapane abavumelanga ukukhohlwa ngalokho okwakunjalo ngempela izolo, futhi namuhla kancane kancane kuba umlando.