Ukukhishwa kwamafoni
Izingxabano mayelana ne-radioactivity yayo zigcinwe kusukela ekuqaleni. Abanye abacwaningi bathi imizuzu engama-30 yokukhulumisana efonini kaningi iyanciphisa umsebenzi wezobuchopho. Abanye, ngokuphambene nalokho, bakhulume ukwanda kwezihlakaniphe phakathi kweqembu lamavolontiya. Kanti abanye baqhuba "ukugqugquzelwa" kwamakhompi futhi bathola ukuthi emagundeni inkumbulo yendawo yancipha, kanye nokukwazi ukuhamba endaweni. Noma kunjalo, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi konke lokhu kuyisusa. Ngempela, amafoni angeniswa impilo yansuku zonke eminyakeni engamashumi amabili namashumi amabili edlule. Futhi ukwanda kokufa ngenxa yezizathu "ezingachazwanga" akukwenzeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akumelwe sikhohlwe ngemiphumela engakaziwa engabonakala ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo. Isenzo kwanoma imuphi umthombo wemisebe ye-electromagnetic ifinyelela kude. Uma uhambisa ithubhu 10 cm endlebeni, ukuqina kwe-irradiation kuyokwehla ngesilinganiso se-100. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi kungcono ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwezandla uma ukhuluma. Futhi angayithwali ephaketheni lesigqoke, nasesikhwameni. Ungahlali eduze ne-TV: ithipha imisebe - lokhu kungukubusa, sikhumbule kusukela kusencane. Yiqiniso, akukwazi ukuthi yini abazali ababesaba kakhulu: ukushisa noma ukubuka okungadingeki kwezinhlelo zabantu abadala. Kodwa leli qiniso lihlala: manje futhi sinciphisa ngokuqinile izingane zethu ukubuka i-TV. Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi izimpikiswano zethu akuzona ize: umzimba usengozini yamuva ye-kinescope TV kanye nabaqaphi abanezici ze-CRT (cathode ray tube). Isimiso se-CRT sisekelwe ekuphumeni kwama-electron kanye ne-braking yabo esikrinini, esihlanganiswe nokubunjwa okhethekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhanya okubonakalayo kwe-wavelength ethile kukhishwa (empeleni, isithombe sombala sivela esibukweni). Eqinisweni, lokhu kuyimisebe ye-X ray, kodwa ngamandla aphansi. Izikrini zazo zonke i-TV ze-CRT nabaqaphi zihlonywe ngezingubo ezikhethekile zokuzivikela, okuvimbela kancane kancane imisebe yingozi.
Ukushiswa kwemisindo evela kuma-TV
Isixazululo esicacile ukufaka esikhundleni se-CRT TV ngephethini yamakhemikhali noma i-plasma panel. Ukuze kungabonakali ithonya eliyingozi, ochwepheshe batusa "ukugcina ibanga": ukuze kutholakale kude kungakapheli 1.5 m kusuka ku-TV. Zama ukuhlala ngemuva kokuhlola abaculi be-CRT namathelevishini, ungawafaki ezindongeni ezikhonjiwe, njengoba lokhu kuholela ekuboneni imisebe "ebonakalayo". Ibanga ukusuka ngemuva kwecala kuya odongeni alikho ngaphansi kuka-50 cm.
Ukushiswa kwemithi kusuka emahovini ama-microwave
Umqondo othi "i-microwave oven" empeleni awuyiqiniso, ngoba imisebe ye-microwave isebenzisa ububanzi obungamamitha angu-12 (ngevaysi ye-2.45 GHz). Ama-Waves angena ngaphakathi angaphakathi komkhiqizo aze abuye afudumele futhi afudumele ama-molecule amafutha namanzi. Khona-ke ama-molecule evuthayo adlulisa ukushisa okuqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwe-dish. Ukutadisha isikhathi eside ngomphumela wemisebe ye-oven microveve kubantu akuzange kuqinisekiswe ingozi ekhulayo yomdlavuza. Iqembu lezazi zezinto eziphilayo ezivela eTrinth University, eSan Antonio, eTexas lichitha unyaka nengxenye lihlola umphumela wemisebe ye-microwave ezilwaneni. Amagundane ayikhulu anezinambuzane zomdlavuza afakwe kuma-guides evelele avaliwe, lapho ahlaselwa khona nge-irradiation eqhubekayo izinyanga ezingu-8. Amagundane angama-cent alawula ama-waveguides afanayo akhanyiswa ukukhanya okuvamile. Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela akuzange kubonakalise noma yikuphi umehluko ophawulekayo ekuthuthukiseni izicubu nokuphila kwesikhathi eside kwezilwane. Yeka ukwesaba nokwesaba, kodwa ujabulele ithuba lokufudumala noma ukukhipha isidlo ngokushesha. Ngesibhavini se-microwave esebenzayo, ebangeni elingamamitha angu-5 ukusuka kulo, imisebe ihamba kancane kuneleyo yefoni yeselula e-GSM ngasendaweni efanayo. Kodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa sicindezela ifoni ephathekayo, futhi ngeke sicindezele kanzima kuhhavini le-microwave. Emva kwengozi yaseChernobyl sekudlule iminyaka eminingi, kodwa abantu besaba ukushisa imisebe. Kuyinto yemvelo, ngoba ama-radionuclides athile angabhubhisa izinqwaba namakhulu eminyaka, engcolisa inhlabathi namanzi. Njengoba evezwe yimisebe, imvelo ephilayo iyingozi. Ukwesaba kwethu "kuphazamiseka" ngemininingwane edumazayo ye-SES ihlasela emakethe yemidolobha emikhulu: izinkulungwane zamakhilogremu "imikhiqizo engcolile" zithathwa minyaka yonke.
Imisebe yamafutha
Uma i-particle nyukliya noma i-quantum edlula ngamathambo ephilayo akubanga imbangela yokuzijabulisa kepha ionization yama-athomu, khona-ke iseli eliphilayo elihambelana nalo libonakala lingenaphutha. Lokhu kuholela ekubunjweni kwenani elikhulu lama-radicals amahhala, okuzobhubhisa izinhlobonhlobo ze-macromolecules (amaprotheni nucleic acids), okuholela ekufweni kwesisindo esikhulu, ukuvela komdlavuza nokuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana avamile. Amathuba okuhlangana edolobheni onomthombo onamandla wokushisa imisebe amancane. Izindaba mayelana nendlela ezakhiweni zakhiwo ezintsha ezitholakala ngayo izingcezu zezinto ezivuthayo, ngenhlanhla, zahlala ngasekuqaleni kwawo-90. Futhi manje imvelaphi yemisebe yezakhiwo ezintsha ihlolwe amakhomishini akhethekile ngaphambi kokuvuma kwesifunda sendawo. Kodwa ama-echoes engozini yaseChernobyl asaqhubeka ezwakalayo: ngonyaka ngonyaka ngaphezulu kuka-100 kg amajikijolo nama-mushroom asetshenziselwa ukuthengiswa. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba udle ukudla, okusiza ukususa i-radionuclides emzimbeni. Okokuqala, lezi yimikhiqizo equkethe i-selenium, okuyisisetshenziswa esihamba phambili, futhi ivimbela ukwakheka kwezidumbu. Itholakala olwandle usawoti, inyama yesilwane, amaqanda, izilwane zasolwandle. Emikhiqizo yemvelaphi yemifino, i-selenium inothile kakolweni, ikhiqiza okusanhlamvu kakolweni, kanye nommbila kanye negalikhi. I-X-ray iyamagagasi kagesi anamandla okuhamba noma angena kuwo noma yikuphi okuphilayo okuphilayo. Imishini ye-fluoroscopic, i-mammogram noma ikhomphyutha yekhomputha - la madivayisi nawo asebenza kuma-x ray ray.