I-Ultrasound (i-ultrasound) yindlela yokujwayela ukuhlola izifo zesifuba. Kulaba besifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-35, lokhu kuyindlela eyinhloko futhi evame ukuba yindlela yokuhlola i-pathology yezinhlayiya ze-mammary. I-Ultrasound nayo iyindlela ebalulekile yokuxilonga eyengeziwe yokuthola noma yikuphi ukufometha kwezicubu zesifuba ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo noma i-mammography. I-ultrasound yesifuba kanjani? - ku-athikili.
I-Ultrasound yebele
I-mammary gland iyisakhiwo esiphambene kakhulu, ngakho-ke izinguquko ezithinta izicubu zayo azibonakali njalo. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile, i-high-frequency ultrasound ukuskena kuyadingeka. Isiguli sigqoke ngemuva ngemuva kwenkambiso, kanti ukuqina kwamathisamu amathumbu ngaphansi kwe-sensor kunciphisa kuze kube ngu-3 cm. Udokotela angakwazi ukuhlola ngokucophelela ugqozi ngalunye ekuhloleni okuhlukahlukene.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ultrasound ku-mammology kunezimo ezithile ezingalungile:
- akunakwenzeka ukucacisa ngokwethembeka isimo se-neoplasm;
- ubunzima bokubukela isikhala ngaphansi kwengono;
- ukwehluleka kwezinkomba ezincane ngesinqumo esanele ngokwanele;
- ukungabikho kokuhlukana kwezicubu ezizungezile, okwenza izinguquko ezithile zingabonakali;
- Ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa njengesivivinyo sokuhlola ngenxa yobuzwe obuphansi besindlela.
Izakhi zezicubu ezakha i-gland gland zingabonwa nge-high-frequency ultrasound ukuskena.
• Isikhumba: umehluko omkhulu ophindwe kabili emkhathini wegland.
• I-Fat: iboniswa ekubunjweni kwezingxenyana noma ngaphansi kwesigcawu, ngokuvamile i-thickness of 3 cm kanye nobumnyama obuningi uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhumba kanye nezicubu ezincibilikisayo.
• I-Cooper ligaments: ichazwa njengezakhiwo ezigobile, lapho izicubu ezinama-glandular zixhuma esikhwameni nasesithombeni se-thoracic.
• I-Parenchyma (izicubu ezinamahloni): izicubu ezihlukumezayo ngaphakathi kwezicubu ze-adipose zesifuba, isimo esilandelayo ezingeni lama-hormone ocansi.
• Izivumelwano: ziboniswa ngendlela yezintambo ezide kakhulu eziphambene nobukhulu obungaba ngu-2-3 mm.
Izinguquko ze-Benign
Izicubu zesifuba zitholakala kuma-estrogen futhi zithinta imiphumela yazo ngokukhulisa ubukhulu bezicubu ezinamahloni futhi zinciphisa amadoksi. Izinguquko ezishintshashintshayo zolu hlobo zibhekwa phakathi kwezibonakaliso ze-premenstrual syndrome.
I-cyst elula
Ama-cysts alula (angashadile noma amaningi) ayakhiwa yi-hormone-dependent, okubonakala okuhlobene nokuvinjelwa komgwaqo kanye nokwandiswa okulandelwayo kwe-lobule ye-gland. Ama-cysts amancane ashintsha usayizi nobujamo bawo ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Ama-cysts amakhulu angabangela ukungakhululeki, okudinga ukuphuma kwabo.
Fibroadenoma
I-Fibroadenoma iyisisu esivamile kakhulu sezinsana zezinsana kubesifazane abasha. Ngokuvamile kunesi-echogenicity ephansi noma ephakathi (okuphambene), inikeza isithunzi esivumayo sokukhanya ngemuva kwayo futhi singahlukaniswa ngama-lobules amaningi.
Umdlavuza webele
Ukutholakala kwe-microcalcifications kungase kube uphawu olulodwa lomdlavuza webele ngisho nalapho kungabikho ukubonakala okubonakalayo. I-Mammography izobona izimpawu zokuqala zokubalwa, futhi i-ultrasound izosiza ekunqumeni isimo esibuhlungu noma esibi se-tumor.
Ukuskena kweDoppler
Ukuskena kwe-Doppler kunikeza ukuboniswa kwemithambo yegazi ngaphakathi nangokwakheka kwamathambo okuzungezile. Le ndlela ivumela ukucacisa ukuthi ingena yini ngaphakathi kwe-tumor noma ifakwe eceleni kwe-periphery, futhi nokugwema ukulimala kwesitsha ngesikhathi se-biopsy. Ukuze unqume uhlobo lwemfundo, kubalulekile ukuthatha indaba yokuhlaziywa. I-Ultrasound ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukucacisa indawo ngqo yokwakheka ngesikhathi se-biopsy. Le ndlela ivumela ukuthola amasampula amathisipula kokubili izakhiwo ezingaphezulu futhi ezijulile. Izentuthuko zakamuva emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe be-ultrasound zibandakanya ukuskena okuphezulu kanye ne-Doppler ukuskena. Imishini yanamuhla, eyakhiwe ngokukhethekile ngamammologists, ifakwe izinzwa ezincane ezithinta ngesandla ezinezimpawu ezingu-7.5 kuya ku-20 MHz. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-high-frequency ultrasound kungathola ukubunjwa okuncane kwezinkinga ze-pathological ngokunemba okukhulu. Ukusebenzisa inzwa ngevama ka-10-13 MHz, udokotela uveza kalula ngisho nezicubu ezincane kakhulu. Kwakukhona nethuba lokunquma ngokunembile imingcele yokwakheka, okubuye kube lula ukuxilongwa. Lezi zithombe ezitholakala nge-low-and-high-frequency ultrasound zibonisa i-lymph node ngaphakathi kwebele.