Yiziphi odokotela abadinga ukwelashwa nengane engaphansi konyaka ongu-1 ubudala

Ngubani osembuthweni wezihlobo eziseduzane zomntwana? Yiqiniso, umama nobaba, kanye nogogo, abakhulu, abafowethu, odadewabo kanye nodokotela wezingane. Ubani owokuqala ukuthatha umntwana osanda kuzalwa? Udokotela. Ubani obeka umntwana ozozalwa kuqala "ukuhlola", kumsiza ukuba athathe umoya wokuqala futhi azihlanganise naye esifubeni sikamama? Futhi udokotela. Mayelana naluphi uhlobo odokotela okudingayo ukuthatha nengane engaphansi konyaka owodwa, futhi kuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

Uma ulalela lokho omama abantwabantwana abakhuluma ngakho ngenkathi behamba nezingane zabo epaki, ungathola izihloko ezintathu ezidumile kakhulu: izinkumbulo zokukhulelwa nokubeletha - ngalesi sikhathi, zidla imvuthuluka - lezi zibili futhi zivakashela i-polyclinic yezingane - ezintathu. Ubani ovela kumama okhulayo ngokuvamile ogulayo, okungakaze atholakale phakathi nonyaka wokuqala-konke okudingekayo ukuvakashela abantu abagqoke izingubo ezimhlophe. Ngakho-ke, zingaki izikhathi nokuthi yini ebantwaneni ababonisana nodokotela kuyadingeka?

Udokotela wokuqala

Udokotela oqaphele, ukubeka ngaphandle kokubonakala ku-karapuzik ekhanyayo esiswini sikaMama, umfundisa ukuthi afake isicelo esifubeni, ubeka imvuthu kuqala "ukuhlola." Ubani lo dokotela? I-Neonatologist. Ukhona eceleni komama ekamelweni lokulethwa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane (noma ku-unit yokusebenza uma kunesigaba se-caesarean). Udokotela uhlola ingane, ehlola isimo sakhe sonke ngemuva kokuzalwa (emaminithini angu-1 no-5), ngokusho kwezinkomba ezinhlanu ze-Apgar esikalini: umbala wesikhumba, ukuphefumula, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, uhlobo lokunyakaza okuzimele kanye ne-tone muscle, kanye nombala wokuqina kanye nomzwelo ukumemeza. Amaphesenti aphezulu okukhomba ngayinye amaphuzu amabili. Lokhu kungukuthi, uma i-crumb ithola amaphuzu angu-10 ku-Apgar, kusho "okuhle kakhulu-okuhle". Nakuba ku-9, no-8 no-7-nakho kuhle, kodwa amaphuzu angu-6 nangaphansi kuyisizathu sokuba udokotela, oqaphela ukuthi ngabe ingane idinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, umama onomfutho ushiywe e-nursery amahora amabili - ngenkathi ingane ilele emathunjini omama.

Phakathi nalezo zinsuku ezingu-3-4 (noma cishe isonto emva kwe-cearean), i-neonatologist efanayo izohlola ingane nsuku zonke ekhaya lokubeletha.

Uhlobo luni lwadokotela ezineminyaka engu-7 ubudala?

Ngesikhathi sokuphumula ekuseni, udokotela uhlola ingane, uphendule imibuzo ngokuhlengikaza nokuncelisa, futhi umhlengikazi ulinganisa imvuthu, aqhube isilonda esiswini, agcobe izikhumba zesikhumba ngamafutha omntwana. Ingane esikhungweni sokubeletha iyophoqelelwa futhi ihlaziywe yi-phenylketonuria (ukukhubazeka kokubeletha kokushintshaniswa kwama-amino acid we-phenylalanine) kanye ne-hypothyroidism (ukungasebenzi kahle kwegciwane le-thyroid). Igazi elisesithende sezingqimba zamachashazi lizosetshenziselwa iphepha elikhethekile futhi lihanjiswe esibhedlela, imiphumela izohanjiswa emtholampilo wesifunda sakho.

Umkhandlu. Uma ukuziphatha kwengane uzoba into yokukhathazeka ngayo - ungalindeli imoto yokusa, xhumana nomnyango wezingane ukuze uthole usizo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Uma sekuyisikhathi sokubuya nge-crumb esibhedlela, ungakhohlwa ukukhishwa emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa kwengane. Uzosinika ingane yokuqala yangakini, futhi ungadinga ikhophi uma kudingeka uthintane nochwepheshe emtholampilo.

Ukuvakashelwa kwesidokotela sesazi sesifunda

Ngaphambi kokukhipha esibhedlela, umhlengikazi uzocacisa ikheli lapho umndeni wengane uzohlala khona. Lokhu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha emntwaneni idluliselwa emtholampilo wesifunda. Ungamangazi uma, ngosuku olulandelayo emuva kokubuyela ekhaya, udokotela wezingane wesifunda uza kuwe - ngokwakhe, ngaphandle kocingo. Kungumsebenzi wakhe - udinga ukuvakashela umntwana osanda kuzalwa ngosuku olulandelayo (ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, hhayi ngemuva kwesithathu) emva kokukhishwa. Ngenyanga yokuqala udokotela wezingane wesifunda uzohlola ingane kanye ngesonto - lokhu kubizwa okuthiwa ukuphathwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Udokotela ekuvakasheni kwakhe, ekhuluma ulimi lwezokwelapha, uzoqhuba ukuhlolwa kwezingane. Yini ehlanganisa? Ukuhlolwa kwesimo sesikhumba somntwana, izibilini zakhe (umlomo, amehlo, izitho zangasese zangasese), ukulalela izinhliziyo, ukuphefumula, ukushaya umoya, ukucacisa izici ze-tone muscle nokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Umkhandlu. Buza udokotela ukuthi yini okufanele akwenze uma ingane iziphatha ngokungaqondakali: inqabela isifuba, ikhala, nakuba igcwele futhi isomile, ixhumene ngokuqinile ngamapeni nemilenze.

Emkhosini!

Uma ingane yakho iphenduka inyanga, kufanele uvakashele i-polyclinic. Ungesabi ukuthi ingane yakho eyigugu iyaphiliswa ngumfana othile okhukhulayo - ukuthola izinsana ku-polyclinic, usuku olukhethekile olunikezwa ezinye izingane ezingathathwa. Uma kungazelelwe ufike emtholampilo ngosuku olujwayelekile - akunandaba, ngoba omama abanezingane balahlekelwa ngaphandle komgca. Irekhodi lezokwelapha? Kuyinto, uma odokotela befuna ukuhamba nengane kuze kube unyaka, bayohlala ehhovisi lesazi sesidokotela sesifunda, ngakho-ke ngeke kudingeke ukuba ulandele emabhukwini. Ngakho-ke, usehhovisi likadokotela. Isikhathi sokuqala ngemuva kwesibhedlela, ingane izokala, kulinganiswe umjikelezo wekhanda lakhe nesifuba, izothola ukuthi umntwana usukhulile kangakanani futhi waba nesisindo ngenyanga yokuqala. Makungakhathazeki ukuthi ingane ayilinganiswanga inyanga: uma isisindo somzimba ekuzalweni sanele, khona-ke asikho isidingo sokubeka izicucu esikalini kanye ngesonto. Ingabe konke "ukuhlola" sekuphelile? Khona-ke udokotela wezingane ubhala isiqondiso kubachwepheshe abancanyana ...

Umkhandlu. Lapho ulungiselela uhambo oluya e-polyclinic, ungakhohlwa ukubeka ama-diapers angu-2-3 esikhwameni, ukupakisha ama-wipes okumanzi kanye ne-diaper engenamanzi kanye nama-slide noma ama-slip.

I-neurologist kanye nenkampani

Kuhlolo lokuqala lwezokwelapha lwe-prophylactic (futhi kuzoba nezinye ezimbili - ezinyangeni ezintathu nonyaka) umntwana uvakashele isazi sezinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo wamazinyo, i-oculist, i-car, i-cardiologist. Udokotela wezinzwa ngenye yezazi ezivakashelwa kakhulu uma kuziwa kwengane kuze kube unyaka. Kubalulekile ukuthi lo dokotela aqaphele njalo ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yezinzwa zomntwana, ukubukeka kwamakhono amasha nokunyamalala kokuzindla kokubeletha ngezikhathi ezithile. Isazi sihlola isimo somntwana jikelele, ukusabela ngokomzwelo, ukubonakala komzimba, ukuklabalaza, ukuhamba kwemoto, ithoni ye-muscle, isimo se-fontanel enkulu, njll. Ngokuvamile ukuthola ucwaningo oluningiliziwe, izingane zinikwe i-neuro-sonography (NSG) - i-ultrasound yobuchopho ngokusebenzisa i-fontanel enkulu. Le ndlela akufanele isatshwe, ngoba ingane ayilona irradiated.

I-orthopedist (udokotela ohlinzayo) uzohlola ukuthi uhlelo lwe-musculoskelet luyakhelwe kahle emntwaneni, ngabe amalunga akhe ahlakulele kahle. Ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kunazo zonke ukuhlolwa kwezingxube ze-hip ukuze kube khona i-dysplasia. Ngezinye izikhathi izingane (ezivame ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwethemu) zibekwe i-ultrasound yamalungu okuqhafaza, kuyilapho zifunda ukuma nokuqina kwazo zonke izingxenye ze-joint, ukutholakala kwe-ossification nuclei. Uma ingane inenkinga ngamalunga, udokotela uzoqeda inkambo yokwelashwa enhle noma afundise ukuvocavoca okukhethekile ekuvimbeleni i-dysplasia. Ngaphezu kokuhambela okusemthethweni kumathambo omzimba, vakashela ihhovisi lakhe uma ubona ukuthi ingane ilungiselela ukuhlala, izama ukuma emilenzeni. Udokotela uzokusiza ukhethe izicathulo ezifanele zengane yakho, okuzosiza ukwakha umthamo wonyawo, ukutshela ukuthi udinga ukutholakala okungaphezulu kwe-calcium noma i-vithamini D.

I-ophthalmologist izohlola ilanga lomntwana phansi ukubona ukuthi i-discs yezinzwa ze-optic zakhiwe kahle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona imvuthu ye-strabismus, i-myopia, i-astigmatism, izifo ezibangelwa ukubola, izinkinga zokuhamba kwezinyembezi, ezingasongela ngokuvimba. Ngokuvamile abazali bakhathazekile ngeso "elimuncu" ezinganeni ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila (okuhambisana nokunciphisa umzimba kwemisele yamanzi). I-optometrist izokusiza ukhethe indlela enhle yokwelashwa.

U-Lor (noma kubantu "indlebe-i-throat-ekhaleni") uhlolisisa umuthi ovulekile kanye nezindlebe zengane. Kubalulekile ngokusemandleni ukukhomba ukukhubazeka kokuzwa emanzini, uma uqaphela ukuthi ingane ayiphenduli ngezwi lakho, umsindo okhaliphile noma ukuphazamiseka ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala.

I-cardiologist izolalela inhliziyo yengane ukuze ingaphuthelwa ukuphulwa kwegazi okungenzeka noma i-vice, okumele iphathwe ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila. Inhliziyo yabadala neyengane iyashaya ngokuhlukile, ngakho-ke akusilo ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi isazi se-cardiologist silalele inhliziyo nje nge-phonendoscope, kungani engabhalela i-crumb ne-ECG - i-electrocardiogram.

Ngizokubona maduzane!

Yebo, ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwezokwelapha kudlulile, esikuhalalisela ngakho! Kodwa kuthiwani, ngoba kufana nokubhapathizwa komlilo wokuqala! Manje kuzoba khona into yokutshela ugogo nomama ongenalwazi epaki. Kodwa ngokungathí sina - akufanelekile ukunganaki ukuhamba e-polyclinic. Ku "zabudddomovskih" ukhathalela futhi imisebenzi yasekhaya, kungenzeka, uNkulunkulu angavumeli, ukulahlekelwa isifo esiqale ingane noma ukwephulwa. Kungani sidinga izinkinga ezinjalo? Sifuna umntwana akhule umnichko onempilo futhi oqinile! Futhi-ke kuyoba-iqiniso! Futhi ngalokhu udinga ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi odokotela abadinga ukuthatha umntwana unyaka owodwa, futhi uyenze njalo:

- izinyanga ezingu-6 njalo ngenyanga;

- kusuka ku-6 ukuya ku-12 - njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili.