Ukuze ingane ene-Down's syndrome, ukufunda ukukhulumisana kubalulekile. Ngokuqonda kahle kakhulu amagama akhulunywe kuye, ingane ikwazi ukukhuluma kakhulu. Inkulumo yabantwana abane-Down's syndrome ithonywe yizici zesakhiwo se-anatomical zezinto zokukhuluma, izici ze-neurophysiological nezokwelapha, kanye nezici zesigaba sokuqonda. Konke lokhu kubangela ubunzima obengeziwe ekwakheni umsindo ocacile, kubonakala ngezici zezwi nenkulumo. Indlela yokuthuthukisa inkulumo enganeni ene-Down syndrome? Umbuzo okhathazayo abazali abaningi. Kulesi sihloko, uzothola impendulo ephelele.
Izincomo kanye nokuzivocavoca okuhlongozwayo kuzosiza ukulungisa umhlabathi wokuthuthukisa amakhono okukhuluma. Ukuqakatheka okuyinhloko kumele kuhokhwe ekuqeqeshweni nasekuqiniseni imisipha yezindebe, ulimi, i-palate elula, ukuthola amakhono okukhuluma ngokuphefumula. Ukusebenza nengane kancane kancane kusukela ekuzalweni, okwenza lokhu ngokumelene nengemuva kwemizwelo ecacile, ungakwazi ukukhokhela izinkinga zemvelo yengane ene-Down's syndrome futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yamagama akhulunywe. I-Lepet yikhono eliyisisekelo ekuthuthukiseni inkulumo, liqinisa izindlela zokukhuluma futhi lenze kube lula. I-Lepete iphinde inikeze impendulo yombiko wokuphendula, i.s. Ingane isetshenziselwa ukuzwakala nokuhluka kwazo ekukhulumeni komuntu. Nakuba kubhala abantwana nge-Down syndrome futhi kufana nokukhuluma izingane ezijwayelekile, kodwa kungadli isikhathi esiningi futhi njalo, kudinga ukuvuselelwa njalo nokusekelwa kwabantu abadala. Iqiniso lokuthi izingane ezine-Down's Syndrome azilaleli kancane, ngokusho kososayensi, izizathu ezimbili. Owokuqala uhlobene ne-hypotonicity evamile (ubuthakathaka bemisipha) ehambisana nalezi zingane, ezibuye zifinyelele kumadivaysi okukhuluma; enye ingenxa yempendulo yokuhlola. Ngokujwayelekile izingane zithanda ukulalela ukukhuluma kwazo. Ngenxa yezici zomzimba zesakhiwo sosizo lokuzwa, kanye nokutheleleka kwezindlebe njalo, izingane ezine-Down syndrome azizwa neze izwi labo. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuqeqeshwa komsindo ngamunye kanye nokufakwa kwabo ngamazwi. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kokuqala kokukhubazeka kokuzwa kunomphumela omuhle wenkulumo eyengeziwe nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kwengane.
Ukukhuthazwa kwempendulo yokuhlola kuqondiswa yizivivinyo ezilandelayo. Qala ukuxhumana kweso nengane (ibanga 20-25 cm), khuluma naye: tshela "a", "ma-ma", "pa-pa", njll. Smile, shaya, khuthaza ingane ukuba ilalele. Bese umisa isikhashana ukuze umenze asabele. Zama ukuqhuba inkhulumomphendvulwano naye, lapho wena kanye nokuphendula kokushintshaniswa kwengane. Yenza kahle. Uma umntwana ebeletha, ungamphazamisi, kodwa gcina, ugcine uxhumane naye. Uma eyeka, uphinda imisindo emva kwakhe bese uzama futhi "ukukhuluma" naye. Vary izwi. Zama ngezwi nomthamo. Thola ukuthi ingane yakho isabela kanjani kangcono.
Ukuzivocavoca okunjalo kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi eziningana ngosuku imizuzu emihlanu. Kungcono ukuqala kusukela ekuzalweni futhi uqhubeke ngezindlela ezehlukene aze ingane ifunde ukukhuluma. Le nqubo ingasetshenziswa futhi ukubuka izinto noma izithombe. Kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ingane ukuba ibathinte. Ekuqaleni, umntwana uyabetha. Lokhu kuyisenzo esivamile esingakwazi ukumiswa. Ukubonisa nge-index yakho umunwe kuwumphumela wokuthuthukiswa okuthuthukisiwe. Umgomo oyinhloko ukugqugquzela ingane ukuba iphendule. Shayela izinto nezithombe, mkhuthaze ukuba aphinde abuyele umsindo ngamunye emva kwakho.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo emva kokubamba ukukhulumisana kwenkulumo. Uma ukubambaza kungahambi ngokuzenzekelayo enkulumweni, khona-ke umsebenzi wabazali nothisha ukuwuklama. Inendima ebalulekile kulokhu idlala ngokulingisa, noma ukulingisa. Njengomkhuba wokubonisa, izingane ezine-Down's Syndrome azilingisi ngokuzenzekelayo. Ingane kumele ifundiswe ukugcina futhi isabele kulokho akubonayo nokuzwayo. Ukufunda ukulingisa kuyisihluthulelo sokuqhubeka nokufunda.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okulingisa kuqala ngokulingisa izenzo ezilula zomuntu omdala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka ingane etafuleni noma ephezulu. Hlala ngaphesheya kuye. Qiniseka ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana kwamehlo phakathi kwakho. Yithi: "Gxila etafuleni!" Bonisa isenzo bese uthi komculo othile: "Tuk, tuk, tuk." Uma ingane iphendula, mhlawumbe inesibindi (mhlawumbe okokuqala ngesandla esisodwa), thokozani, nimdumise futhi niphinde nisebenzise izikhathi ezimbili. Uma ingane ingasabeleli, mthathe ngesandla, ubonise indlela ongqongqoza ngayo, uthi: "Tuk-tuk-tuk." Uma ingane ithatha ukuhlala kwayo, ezinye izinyathelo zingasetshenziswa, isibonelo, ukugubha ngezinyawo, ukugoqa ngezandla, njll. Njengoba amakhono alingisayo ahlakulela, ukuqeqeshwa okuyisisekelo kungase kuhlanganiswe ngeminwe yeminwe ngemidvwebo elula. Ungaphindi ukunyakaza okufanayo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesithathu, njengoba kungamcasula ingane. Kungcono ukubuyela emuva ekusebenzeni umzimba izikhathi eziningana phakathi nosuku. Lo mthetho usebenza kuzo zonke izabelo ezilandelayo.
Ingane ekhethekile.
Ukuze ukhuthaze ukulingisa imisindo yokukhuluma, ungenza lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo. Bheka ingane. Phatha emlonyeni ovulekile ukuze wenze umsindo "wah-wah-wah." Thepha izindebe zomntwana ukuze umenze enze umsindo ofanayo. Ukuze uthole okunye okubonisayo, faka isandla sakhe ezindebeni zakho. Yakha ikhono ngokushaya ingane emlonyeni wakhe bese ukhuluma umsindo. Ukuphinda uphendule imisindo ye-vowel A, I, O, Y ihlinzekwa ngokulingisa ukuphendula kwezimoto.
Umsindo A. Beka inkomba yakho ngomunwe, wehlisa umhlathi ophansi bese uthi: "A".
Umsindo I. Yisho "Mina", ukwelula iminwe emagumbini omlomo emaceleni.
Umsindo O. Yisho umsindo omfushane, ocacile "O". Yenza isithonjana se- "O" ngeminwe yakho ephakathi neminwe uma uthi lokhu kuzwakale.
I-Sound W. Yisho isikhathi eside eside u-U "u", ugcizelela isandla sakho ebhukwini bese uyifaka emlonyeni wakho, bese uyisusa uma wenza umsindo. Ungakhohlwa ukudumisa ingane yakho njalo. Ngezinye izikhathi kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenza. Uma ingane ingaphenduki, ungayikuphoqeleli. Iya kwenye into. Hlanganisa ukulingisa inkulumo nomunye ukulingisa, okunika ingane yakho injabulo.
Ukuphefumula okulungile kunethonya elikhulu ngekhwalithi yezwi. Izingane ezine-Down's syndrome ziphefumula kakhulu futhi zihamba emlonyeni, njengoba amakhaza avame ukukwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula ekhaleni. Ukwengeza, ulimi lwe-hycconic olune-flaccid lwamasayizi amakhulu aluhambisani nomlomo womlomo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokuvimbela amakhaza
kudingekile ukuqeqesha ingane ukuvala umlomo wayo nokuphefumula emakhaleni akhe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izindebe zomntwana zihlanganiswa ndawonye ngokuthinta kalula, ngakho uvale umlomo futhi uphefumule okwesikhashana. Ngokucindezela umunwe wenkomba endaweni ephakathi kwe-lip engenhla nekhaleni, ukuphendula okuphambene nakho kutholakala-ukuvula komlomo. Lezi zivivinyo zingenziwa izikhathi eziningana ngosuku, kuye ngokuthi isimo. Kubuyeleka ukuba ufundise izingane ezincane nge-Down syndrome kumhlathi owenzela ingono. Uma uncelisa umlomo wengane uzovalwa, futhi ukuphefumula kuzokwenziwa ngekhala, ngisho nalapho ekhathele noma elele.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-air air jet kukhuthazwa yizimo zokuvuthwa emoyeni, okubuye kuncike ekutheni ingane ikwazi ukulingisa. Imisebenzi yenziwa efomini yezemidlalo engavamile. Kubalulekile ukusekela noma yikuphi ukuzamazama komntwana, aze aqale ukwenza okulungile. Isibonelo: ukushaya ngezimpaphe zokulenga noma ezinye izinto ezilula; Ukudlala ku-harmonica, okwenza imisindo uma inhaling and exhaling; ukushaya izimpaphe, ukotini, amaphepha aqoshiwe amashekhi, amabhola for tennis table; phonsa umdlalo noma ikhandle lamakhandlela; ukudlala emathinini amathoyizi namacilongo, uphazamise amasondo omoya; gcoba izinyoka zephepha ezihlungwe, amabhola; ukushaya ngebhayisikili emanzini ase-soapy bese uqala ama-bubbles; izikhwama zamaphepheni ezihola kanye namathoyizi athambile ngesimo sezilwane ngokushaya umoya emoyeni; ukushaya nge-tube futhi ngaleyo ndlela ubeke izimpaphe ezihambayo nezingcezu zoboya bekotini; thinta amabhulogi ensipho; thumela phezulu noma ukhule; ukushaya ngesibuko noma ingilazi bese udweba okuthile lapho. Lezi zindlela zokuzivocavoca nezinye zingashintsha kumafomu wegeyimu ahlukene ngokusho kwengane yengane.
Okubaluleke ngokukhethekile izingane ezine-Down's syndrome zizama ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kolwimi, ngoba ulimi oluvamile lwemoto luyimfuneko ebalulekile yokuncelisa kahle, ukugwinya nokuhlafuna, nokukhuluma. Ukuzivocavoca ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsana zokuhamba kolulwimi kanye nezinsimi zihlanganisa ikakhulukazi ukusikhipha kanye nokusiza ekusetshenzisweni kokudla okufanele.
Uma ulimi luxiliswa, ulimi luhlehlela eceleni ngakwesobunxele futhi ngakwesokudla lucindezelwa iminwe yenkomba kuze kube khona ukuphendula okungafani. Izinga lokushintsha livela ngesivinini sempendulo. Ngokunyakaza okuqaphele komunwe wenkomba, ungakwazi ukuhambisa isici solimi ngakwesokudla nangesobunxele, phezulu nangaphezulu. Ukunyakaza okunjalo kubangela ukukhipha okuncane kwe-tube yokuphuza noma i-toothbrush. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube usizo ukuhlanza emaphethelweni olimi nge-brush tooth. Izibhamu ezifanelekayo nezincane ezivela kwisethi yokuqeqesha ukuxubha amazinyo. Ukududuza komunye kwesinye kwesinye futhi ukucindezela okwesibini kungabangela ukunyakaza kokujikeleza kolwimi emlonyeni.
Izibonelo zokuzivocavoca ekuthuthukiseni ukuhamba kolwimi:
• iziphuzo zokukhokha (uju, pudding, njll);
• u-honey smear noma u-jam kumlomo ophezulu noma ophansi, ngakwesobunxele noma ngakwesokudla emlonyeni, ukuze ingane ikhohlise isici solimi;
• yenza ukunyakaza kolimi emlonyeni, isibonelo, ukubeka ulimi ngakwesokunene, bese ungaphansi kwesigama sesokunxele, ngaphansi komlomo ophezulu noma ophansi, chofoza ulimi, uqhube ulimi ngolimi lwakho;
• cindezela ngokukhululekile ngolimi (ulimi luhlala ngemuva kwamazinyo);
• faka indebe yepulasitiki ngamazinyo akho, ufake izinkinobho noma amabhola kuwo futhi, unyakaze ikhanda lakho, wenze umsindo;
• cindezela inkinobho ngentambo ende bese uyihambisa ngamazinyo ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi.
Ukuzivocavoca ekuthuthukiseni ukuhamba kwemihlathi kanye nolimi kuhlanganiswa emidlalweni yokuhlobisa okulingisa imisindo ehlukahlukene noma izenzo (izinkukhu zezinkambu, inja ihloma amazinyo kanye nezikhukhula, unogwaja ubamba amaqathe, njll).
Ukuguqulwa kwe-Lip ezinganeni ezine-Down's syndrome kuhlotshaniswa nokugeleza njalo kwamathe kanye nokucindezelwa kolimi, ikakhulukazi umlomo ophansi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufundisa ingane ukuvala umlomo wayo. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi izindebe zikhululekile ukuvala, umngcele obomvu wezindebe uhlale ubonakala futhi izindebe azizange zithathwe. Izinsana nezingane ezincane zingashunwa ngeminwe ephakathi nendawo yezinkinobho ngakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla kwempumulo phansi, ngaleyo ndlela uletha uphiko oluphezulu oluphakanyisiwe eduze nomuntu ophansi. Umlomo ophansi ungasondelwa eduze kwephaphu eliphakeme ngokucindezela isithupha. Kodwa-ke, isikhunta akufanele sikhuliswe, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi umlomo ophansi uzoba phezulu. Ukunyakaza nokweluleka kwezindebe, ukusetshenziselwa okunye kwesilwane esisodwa kuya kwesinye, ukukhukhumeza nokudumala kwensimbi engenhla kuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwazo. Ukuze uqinise imisipha, ungamnika ingane ukuba igcine izindebe ngezinto ezinokukhanya (utshani), thumela izinkanuko ze-air, emva kokudla, ubambe isipuni emlonyeni wakho futhi uqine ngokucindezela ngezindebe zakho.
Ukukhathazeka okuvamile ezinganeni ezine-Down syndrome kubangela ukwehla ukuhamba kwekhadini le-palatine, elivezwa ngezwi elizwakalayo nelokuzwakalayo. Ukuzivocavoca nge-palate kungahlanganiswa nokunyakaza okulula: "aha" - izandla ziyazula phezulu, "ahu" - ukotini ngezandla ezinqulwini, "ahai" - ukotini ngezandla, "indawo" - ugcizelele unyawo olulodwa. Ukuzivocavoca okufanayo kwenziwa ngezwi "n", "t", "k". Ukuqeqeshwa kwendwangu ye-palatine kusizwa ngokudlala ngebhola, ngokumemeza imisindo ngayinye: "aa", "ao", "apa", njll. Kuwusizo ukukhombisa imisindo yemvelo (ukukhwehlela, ukuhleka, ukuhleka, ukuklolodela) nokugqugquzela ukulingisa ingane. Ungasebenzisa izivivinyo zezemidlalo zokuphindaphinda: faka futhi uhumushe "m"; khuluma ama-syllable "mammy", "me-meme", "amam", njll; phefumula esibukweni, ingilazi noma isandla; phuma ngesimo sezinsimbi zokukhuluma njengokungathi umsindo "a"; phuma nge-snap encane phakathi kwamazinyo angaphezulu ne-lip ephansi; faka iphoyinti yolimi entweni engenhla bese wenza isizinda, khona-ke emazinyo nangaphansi komlomo; yisho umsindo we "n" ngekhala eliphosiwe; uma ukhulisa, hamba kusuka ku- "n" kuya ku- "t". Ukuqeqeshwa okuhle inkulumo ehlekisayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo ehambisanayo kuqondiswa ukusetshenziswa kwamazwi. Kumele uqambe lezo zihloko ezithinta kakhulu ingane yakho. Isibonelo, uma ingane ifuna ikhukhi, bese uyikhomba, udinga ukubuza: "Amakhukhi?" Futhi uphendule: "Yebo, lena ikhukhi." Kumele usebenzise inombolo encane yamazwi, khuluma kancane futhi ngokucacile, phinda igama elifanayo izikhathi eziningana. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ukunyakaza okuvezwa kwezindebe zomuntu omdala kungena emkhakheni wombono wengane, kubangele isifiso sokuzilingisa.
Izingane eziningi ezine-Down syndrome zisho amagama nezenzo ezishintsha amagama. Lokhu kufanele kusekelwe futhi kusize ukuba baxoxe kuleli zinga, ngoba ukuqaphela kwencazelo yesenzo ngasinye ngamagama kusebenze ulimi olukhulunywe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzithokozisa kungakuthola ngendlela efanele njengokwesezela ekukhulumeni ngezikhathi lapho kunzima ingane ukuba idlulisele umlayezo wakhe ngamazwi.
Kungenxa yokuthi ukubiza eceleni kwengxoxo yezingane ezine-Down's syndrome kungathuthukiswa kuyo yonke impilo, eziningi zezivivinyo ezibalulwe ngenhla zingaqhubeka ngisho nalapho ingane isifunda kakade ukukhuluma.