I-genus of nightshade yonyaka, utshani obungapheli, izihlahla, ama-semi-shrubs, okungajwayelekile ukuthi izihlahla ezinamathela noma ezikhuphukayo. Amaqabunga aphelele, ahlanganiswe noma ajwayelekile, aphephe noma ahlasele. Izimbali ezimweni eziningi zilungile, zithandana nabesifazane, zodwa noma ezise-inflorescences, ezinamalungu amahlanu. Isithelo salolu hlobo lwesitshalo yi-berry eningi enezinhlobo ezimbili ezimila. I-Nightshade ngendlela yayo inezitshalo ezibalulekile zamasiko - ama-eggplant, amazambane, ngezinye izikhathi utamatisi.
Izinhlobo.
E-Russia, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 ezikhulayo zasendle ezikulolu hlobo.
Isibonelo, i-nightshade enomuncu (S. dulcamara) iyinxenye-shrub enezinhlanga ezikhuphukayo, izimbali ziyi-lilac, futhi amajikijolo abomvu. Ikhula engxenyeni eseningizimu yeNtshonalanga Siberia futhi cishe kuyo yonke ingxenye yaseYurophu ezindaweni ezinamanzi amanzi, imifula, amahlathi, eduze kwamabhangi.
I-nightshade emnyama (i-S. nigrum) - isitshalo sonyaka esinezimbali eziningi ezimhlophe, ngamabhisikidi amnyama (ngezinye izikhathi kukhona amajikijolo ombala ohlaza). Ngendlela yokhula ikhula eduze kwezindlu, emasimini nasemasimini.
Zombili lezi zinhlobo ekubunjweni kwazo zinezinto ezinobuthi - i-alkaloid solanine, engabangela ubuthi.
I-nightshade ethintekayo (S. laciniatum). Izwe lalezi zinhlobo i-Australia. Ekubunjweni kwayo kune-glycoalkaloids (solamargin ne-solasonin), esetshenziselwa ukuthola ama-hormone anjalo njenge-cortisone ne-progesterone. La mahomoni asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa. Ngendlela yesitshalo sonyaka esakhula eNtshonalanga yaseKrasnodar.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-nightshade zitshalwe njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa emasimini. Nazi ezinye zazo: i-nightshade emnyama-emnyama, i-nightshade ene-fringed. Emagumbini okugcina izithombo nasezigumbini izimo ze-pepper nightshade zikhulile.
Ezimweni zegumbi, i-nightshade idinga ukunakekelwa okunye: ukupuniza njalo, ukusika izikhathi ngesikhathi, ukushisa okupholile ebusika. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, lesi sitshalo sizolahlekelwa masinyane ubuhle bayo.
Ukunakekela i-nightshade.
I-Nightshade iyisitshalo se-photophilous, ngakho-ke kudingekile ukukhanya okuhlakazekile okuqakathekile okudingekayo. Imisebe eqondile yelanga ihlupheka kabi. Ikhula kahle eduze kwefasitela lasentshonalanga nefasitela lasempumalanga. Eceleni kwefasitela eliseningizimu, i-nightshade kufanele ibe yi-pritenyat.
Ehlobo, isitshalo segumbi kungcono ukukhipha i-nightshade emgwaqweni, kodwa akumele kuvikelwe kuphela emisebeni yelanga (ukugwema ukushisa kwelanga), kodwa kusuka emaphethini kanye nemvula. Emgwaqeni ovulekile emoyeni uzoletha izithelo eziningi, kunokuthi uma ukhula ekamelweni.
Ebusika, udinga ukucabanga ngokukhanyisa okungeziwe. Ukuntuleka kokukhanyisa kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi lesi sitshalo siqhakaza kakhulu, sihluma futhi kukhona amaqabunga ambalwa kuso.
Plant nightshade hhayi kuphela entwasahlobo, kodwa futhi ehlobo kululekwa ukuba uhlale kuma-18-25 degrees. Futhi ekwindla nasebusika lesi sitshalo sizoveza izithelo ku-12-15 degrees. Uma izinga lokushisa ebusika lingaphezu kuka-18 о С, amaqabunga aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi futhi aphephe, futhi amajikijolo akhuphuka futhi aqala ukuqubuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo sidinga umoya omusha, kodwa hhayi uhlaka.
Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi (ngo-Ephreli-Septemba).
Ezimweni egumbini kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuFebhuwari, lesi sitshalo siphoqelelwa ngenxa yokunciphisa umswakama womoya nokukhanya okunciphisisiwe, kungesikhathi sokuphumula. Ekuqaleni kwalesi sikhathi, i-nightshade ifakwe ekamelweni elipholile, lapho kugcinwa khona umswakama ophezulu. Ukunisela ngalesi sikhathi kufanele kube nokulinganiselwa futhi kugcinwe kuze kufike ukuvela kwamahlumela amasha, bese ukuphuza kufanele kwandiswe kancane.
Ama-humidity indices asithinta isikhathi se-fruiting, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukugcina okungenani amaphesenti angu-65.
I-Nightshade kufanele ihlanjululwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi kuyifiseleka ukubeka isitsha ngesitshalo emgqeni, esandulela ukugcwaliswa ngamatshe amakhulu, ubumba obunwetshiwe noma i-peat. Ingaphansi yesitsha kufanele ibe ngaphezu kwamanzi, kodwa hhayi emanzini.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyenziwa ngo-Meyi-Septhemba ngezikhupha ezikhethekile eziketshezi kanye ngesonto noma amasonto amabili. Umanyolo kufanele uthathwe ukuze kutholakale izimbali zasendlini.
Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sasebusika, amajikijolo ahlanganiswa futhi amaqabunga aphuzi, bese-ke i-nightshade idinga ukunqunywa ku-1/3 yokuphakama, bese isetshenziselwa ukuba inhlabathi entsha. Ekwindla, ukuphela kwezinhlumela ezingekho izimbali kudingeka zifakwe.
I-nightshade yokutshala isenziwa emva kokusika izihlahla njalo ngonyaka.
Substrate efanelekayo: izingxenye ezilinganayo zeqabunga kanye ne-turf emhlabathini, peat. Noma okunjalo: isihlabathi (ingxenye engu-1) nezingxenye ezimbili ze-turf, i-peat, i-humus emhlabeni. Ukukhipha amanzi okuhle kunesibopho, lokhu kuzogwema ukubola phansi uhlelo lwempande.
Ukukhiqiza.
Lesi sitshalo sangaphakathi siyancipha nge-cuttings kanye nembewu.
Imbewu iyanda kaningi entwasahlobo, ngoba le mbewu ihlwanyelwa emhlabeni ohlanziwe (ngempela uhlumela) futhi ihlume ngaphansi kwesibuko ekushiseni kwama-degrees angaphansi kuka-20, kodwa hhayi ezingaphezu kuka-22 degrees. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ebusweni bomhlaba futhi ihlanganiswe nengqimba encane yesihlabathi esilisiwe. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili kuvela. Emva kokufakelwa kokubili, isitshalo esincane sitholwa emabhokisini nge-substrate elandelayo: i-humus (izingxenye ezimbili), isihlabathi nesihlabathi se-turf (1 ingxenye ngayinye) futhi kunesibopho sokunqunywa. Ehlobo, izitshalo ezincane zidinga ukunqunywa izikhathi eziningana, lokhu kuyadingeka ukugqugquzela i-branching.
Ukukhiqizwa ngokusika kungenzeka ngesikhathi sehlobo sasehlobo. Ngenxa yale nhloso yokusika imifino enotshani kangcono isitshalwe enhlabathini enomanzi noma e-perlite (ungathatha ingxube ehlanganisa izingxenye ezifanayo zeshlabathi ne-peat). Uma isiqu sesiqalile, sisuke singene embizeni enomhlaba ohlanganisa: isihlabathi kanye ne-turf (1 ingxenye ngayinye) kanye nezingxenye ezimbili ze-humus, ukuphoqelela kuyadingeka. Ehlobo, izitshalo ezincane zidinga ukunqunywa izikhathi eziningana, okuzokwenza ukugqugquzela ukuhlanganisa kangcono.
Ukuqapha: amajikijolo ahlelwe kahle futhi ahlanzekile, kodwa aqukethe izinto ezinobuthi, ngakho uma indlu inezingane ezincane, ukugwema ubuthi, kunesidingo sokuqapha.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka.
Zimbalwa amajikijolo. Kulesi simo, ungakwazi ukufaka impova izimbali ze-nightshade ngebhayisikili elithambile.
Ebusika, izithelo namaqabunga awela. Isizathu ukuthi igumbi lome kakhulu futhi umoya uyashisa.
Ukulimala: ama-aphid, isicabucabu (ikakhulukazi uma isitshalo sigcinwa ekamelweni lomoya omile), i-aphid, i-whitefly.