Ingabe ukukhula kwengane kuxhomeke kubazali?

Ezinganeni eziningi, inqubo yokukhula iqhubeka kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kugcwaliswe isikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukukhula okufinyelelekile kuxhomeke ekuziphatheni kwemvelo kanye nemvelo, futhi kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile ukuthi kudlulela ngaphandle kokujwayelekile. Ukukhula okungenzeka komuntu kuxhomeke ekukhuleni kwabazali bayo. Ezinye izingane zingaphansi kweontanga, ezinye ziphakeme. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukukhula okungaphezu kweminyaka yobudala kungenxa yokutholakala kwesifo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhula kwengane kuncike kubazali - isihloko sesihloko.

Inqubo yokukhula evamile

Kunezikhathi ezintathu zokukhula kwengane: usana - olubhekiswe ekukhuleni okunamandla kakhulu, okuyinto kuxhomeke ekutheni ukondliwe nokulinganisela kwe-hormonal yomzimba wengane;

Yeka ukukhula

Ukukhula kokugcina umuntu azuzayo kuncike ekutheni ubukhulu bezinthambo zethambo elide, ikakhulukazi i-shin nomthanga. Emaphethelweni amathambo omzimba we-long tubular, kukhona ipuleti lokukhula, ngenxa yokuphindaphinda kwamaseli, amathambo alula. Ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala, i-plate cartilaginous ishintshwa ngamathambo, kanti ukukhula okungeke kwenzeke. Kodwa-ke, amathambo abantu angakwazi ukulungisa kabusha (ukubuyisela isakhiwo). Yingakho baxhunyeka emahlathini ngokubuyiswa kwefomu evamile namandla. Esikhathini sokusakaza, kukhona ukwanda okuphawulekayo ekukhuleni, futhi kumantombazane kwenzeka esikhathini esingaphezu kwabafana. Ezinye izingane ziphakeme kakhulu noma ziphansi kunezontanga zabo. Nokho, kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile lokhu kungenxa yesifo esithile. Inqubo yokukhula nentuthuko yengane ihlolwe yimingcele emithathu eyinhloko - ubude nobukhulu bomzimba kanye nesigamu sekhanda. Ama-indices e-head circumference ebuntwaneni kubalulekile ekuhloleni ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba nokukhula kobuchopho. Ukulinganisa okunembile kokukhula, imishini ekhethekile isetshenziswa. Kuze kube neminyaka emibili ubude bomzimba wengane bulinganiswa endaweni ephezulu ekumamitha okukhula okukhethekile. Uma usola noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka kokukhula, isilinganiso saso sivame kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.

Amathebula okukhula

Imingcele yokukhula kwengane (ubude bomzimba, isisindo somzimba kanye nesiphambano sekhanda) kubhaliwe emagrafu afanelekayo amatafula okukhula. Babonisa ngokucacile inqubo yokukhula kusukela ekuzalweni kuya eminyakeni eyishumi nesithupha. Isibonakaliso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa komzimba jikelele, kanye nokukhula kobuchopho ebusana kuyanda kwesikhala sekhanda. Amagrafu ematafuleni okukhula amakwe yizinto ezibizwa ngokuthi izinhlanzi. I-centile yama-50 itho ukuthi amaphesenti angu-50 ebantwini kubantu banokukhula okufanayo noma okuncane; I-75th centile ibonisa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-75 ebantwini abenokukhula okufanayo noma okuphansi. Izinkomba zokukhula okujwayelekile ebuntwaneni nasebuntwaneni zingahluka kakhulu. Lapho ukukhula kwengane kungangeni phakathi kwemingcele phakathi kwezingxenye eziyi-97 no-3 (ezichaza uhlaka lokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile esikhathini esinikeziwe), lokhu kubonisa ukuba khona kwanoma yisiphi isimo sokugula esibangela ukukhula kakhulu noma ukukhula okuphakeme kakhulu. Ukuphakama akuyona inkinga yezokwelapha, futhi ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengenzuzo. Noma kunjalo, izingane ezinokukhula ngokweqile zingabhekana nezinkinga zomphakathi nezengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude bungasetshenziswa nesifo. Mayelana nesikhulumi ukhulume, lapho ukukhula kwengane kudlula okungaphezu kwe-95th sentimenti. Ngamanye amazwi, izingane ezide zibizwa ngokuthi izingane ezingaphezu kuka-95% zabangane babo.

Izinkinga

Ukuphakama ngokuvamile kuyinkinga encane kwengane kunesikhashana esifushane. Ukuphakama kwezinto eziningi kusho ukuthatha izinzuzo zomphakathi. Noma kunjalo, izingane ezide ngokuvamile zibukeka zikhulile kunezizukulwane zabo, futhi zingase zikhohliswe yiontanga. Ukuze intombazane, ukukhula okuphezulu ngokweqile kungaba yinkinga yengqondo esikhathini sokukhulelwa.

Izimbangela

Kunezimbangela ezintathu eziyinhloko zobude:

Ubude buxhomeke ezimweni eziningi ekukhuleni nasebuzweni bobazali.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone ye-metabolic kanye nama-hormone ekukhuleni nakho kungaholela ekude.

Enye ye-pathologies evamile kakhulu ye-chromosomal eholela ekude ubude yi-Kleinfelter syndrome (isiguli sinama-chromosomes amathathu angokwesilisa kunama-amabili-XXY), okwenzeka kumvuthwandaba we-1 kumadoda angama-500 asanda kuzalwa. Ubude bungabuye buhlotshaniswe nokukhulelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukwelapha

Ubude ngokwalo akudingi ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kungase kudingeke ukuqeda imbangela yayo, isibonelo isifo se-pituitary.

Ama-hormone ocansi

Uma kungabikho isizathu esibucayi sobude, ukwelashwa kunqunywe kuphela kulawo maso lapho kunesimo esicacile sokukhula kwamazinga okukhula okuphezulu. Ukunquma ngokuqokwa kokwelashwa akulula - ngokuvamile ekukhulumisaneni kwalolu daba kuhilela umntwana yena, abazali bakhe kanye nabasebenzi bezokwelapha. Indlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke zokwelashwa ukuqokwa kwamahomoni ocansi (testosterone ne-estrogen). Leli gciwane alitholakali lihlelelwe amantombazane. Ukwehla okuphezulu kwe-hormone yezocansi kunciphisa ukukhula ngokusheshisa ukuvalwa kwezindawo zokukhula ezinama-long tubular. Le ndlela yokwelashwa ilingisa inqubo yemvelo eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lapho ukukhula kweqa kuphela. Ezingxenyeni ze-MRI zobuchopho, isisu se-pituitary sibonwa (siboniswa ngumbuthano). Kungenzeka isizathu sokukhula ngokweqile kwalesi siguli. I-tumor iphazamisa isimiso esivamile se-hormonal yezinqubo zokukhula.

I-Gigantism

URobert Pershing Wadlow wayengumuntu ode kakhulu emlandweni wezwe. Ngesikhathi sokufa eneminyaka engu-22 ngo-1940, ukukhula kwakhe kwakungaphezu kuka-2.72m. Lapho eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye wayeneminyaka eyi-1.88 m, futhi eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala - 2.24 m. Ukukhula ngokweqile kwalona muntu kwakungenxa yesifo - kucatshangwa ukuthi yi-pituitary gigantism. Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu, esibonakala ngokutholakala kwe-tumor pituitary eyenza i-hormone yokukhula. Ukukhiqizwa okwedlulele kwe-hormone yokukhula kungabuye kubonwe emathunjini we-hypothalamus. Ukukhula okuphansi ezinganeni kungaba nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene. Uma ingane ikhula ngemuva kokukhula kusukela enkathini evamile, cishe cishe enhliziyweni isifo esithile. Iphansi kakhulu ibhekwa njengokukhula, ama-indices angaphansi kwe-centile yesithathu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingane ezingu-3% kubantu zinokukhula okufanayo noma okuncane kule nkathi yobudala.

Ukulinganisa ukukhula

Isilinganiso esisodwa sokukhula sikwanele ukukhomba okuncane, kodwa izilinganiso eziphindaphindiwe zibonisa ngokugcwele amaphethini okukhula kwengane. Isibonelo, unganquma ukuthi isikhathi sokukhula okujwayelekile sihamba phambili, noma ngaso sonke isikhathi singaphansi kwesimo esijwayelekile.

Ukulinganiswa kokuphakama nesisindo

Ukungafani phakathi kokuphakama nesisindo kungabonisa imbangela yokungavamile. Isibonelo, uma ingane encane inesisindo esincane, ngisho nokuphakama okunjalo, umuntu angase asole ukungabi nondla noma ukugula okungapheli. Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nesisindo somzimba esikhulu kakhulu ngokukhula kancane. Lokhu kungaba umphumela wezifo ze-hormonal eziholela ekutheni ukukhula kwesikhathi.

• Kubalulekile ukuqapha njalo isisindo sezingane ezinokukhubazeka kokukhula. Isilinganiso esingalungile sokuphakama kwesisindo somzimba singabonisa imbangela.

• Ezimweni ezingavamile, isiqu esifushane singabangelwa izifo ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo i-achondroplasia - ukwephula ukukhula kwamathambo ama-tubular eside. Izitho zomntwana onjalo zincane uma ziqhathaniswa nokujwayelekile. Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha zezizathu eziyinhloko:

Abazali abaphansi bahlale benabantwana abaphansi; Lesi yisizathu esivame kakhulu.

Isimo lapho ukuphuza ukukhula kuyisici ngasinye futhi akuhlobene nanoma isiphi isifo.

Ngokudla okungondleki (ngokudla okunganele noma okungavamile), izingane zivame ukwanda okunamandla kanye nesisindo somzimba esincane. Ukuntuleka kokudla ngesikhathi sokubeletha kanye nasebuntwaneni, kanye nezifo ezingelapheki, njengezinso zezinso, zingaholela.

Ukukhula kuhlotshaniswa ne-hormone yokukhula, ama-hormone wegciwane kanye ne-corticosteroids. Ukuntula kwabo kuholela ekubambezelekeni ekukhuleni.

Ukukhula okuphansi kuhambisane nama-Down syndromes, i-Turner ne-Silver-Russell.

Ngaphansi kokunciphisa umzimba kuqondwa njengokukhula okuphansi okungavamile ngokuhlukumeza komzimba, okuyinto ejwayelekile, isibonelo, ngenxa ye-achondroplasia (i-dysplasia yokukhula kwephabethe le-cartilaginous). Izingane ezine-achondroplasia zinezikhali nezinyawo ezincane, kodwa ubukhulu obujwayelekile be-trunk nekhanda. Ukuphakama okujwayelekile komuntu omdala nge-achondroplasia kungaba ngu-1.2 m.

Ngenye indlela yesimo esifushane, zonke izingxenye zomzimba zincane kakhulu. Kulesi simo, ukuphuza ukukhula kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokuntuleka kwe-hormone. Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kokumangalisa nokubona imbangela yayo, izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zokuphakama nesisindo ziyadingeka. Siza ukuxilongwa incazelo ye-bone age ngokuya kwe-radiograph ye-shayela. Ibuye ivumele ukunquma ukukhula okungenzeka okukhona kwesiguli ngesigamu esifushane.

Ukunqunywa kwezinga lama-hormone

Ukunquma izinga lama-hormone kungasiza ekutholeni ukuthi imbangela yokumangalisa i-hormone ishida. Izinga lamanye ama-hormone kulula ukucacisa, abanye - kunzima kakhulu. Isibonelo, okuqukethwe kwe-thyroxine egazini kungalinganiswa ngqo. Ukunqunywa kwe-hormone yokukhula kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngoba izinga layo liyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesikhathi sosuku, ngakho-ke, uchungechunge lwezingcingo zokufafaza luyadingeka ukuze lubone ukuntuleka kwalo. Izindlela zokuxilonga eziphumelelayo zakhiwe, isibonelo, amasampuli ngokuvuselela ukukhulelwa kwe-hormone yokuvimba. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo, kuhlanganise nokugqugquzela nge-insulin, kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela, njengoba bephethe ingozi enganeni. Ngokuvamile, isiqu esifushane asidingi ukwelashwa, ngoba ngobuningi bamacala kubangelwa izidalwa zefa futhi awunayo i-pathological basis. Ukwelashwa kunqunywe ngokungaqiniseki kahle kwe-hormone yokukhula. Ukuntuleka kwe-hormone yokukhula kungakhokhiswa ngokuqokwa kwesidakamizwa se-hormone yokukhula komuntu. Ijojowe nsuku zonke. Phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuphathwa, ukukhula okukhula kungaba ngu-10 cm, futhi ngonyaka ngamunye olandelayo, u-5-7.5 cm.

Ukukhula kweHormone

Esikhathini esidlule, i-hormone yokukhula ingatholakala kuphela emgodini we-pituitary womuntu oshonile. Njengamanje, ngosizo lwe-biotechnology, ukukhiqizwa kwemboni yamalungiselelo ayo kusekwe, futhi asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa izicubu zomuntu. Lezi zidakamizwa ziyasebenza hhayi kuphela ekulahlekeni kwe-hormone yokukhula. Isibonelo, zisetshenziselwa ukuphatha isifushane esifushane nge-chromosomal engavamile (i-Turner's syndrome), ukulimala kwe-intrauterine yokukhula, nokuhluleka okungenangqondo kwe-renal. Ukulungiswa kwe-hormone yokukhula kunenani elincane lemiphumela emibi. Nokho, uma zisetshenziselwa, kunengozi encane yokuthuthukisa i-leukemia esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokusobala, lokhu kubungozi kuhlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwabantwana be-tumor yangaphambilini.

Amanye ama-hormone

Ukwelapha i-hypothyroidism, i-thyroxine ingasetshenziswa ukuphathwa ngomlomo. Ukukhiqizwa kwaleli hormone kulula, futhi kungabizi kakhulu. Ukuze kuphuthumise izinga lokukhula, ukuqala kokukhulelwa nokwandisa ematheni ubudala, abafana abanokukhubazeka kokukhula komthethosisekelo banganikezwa i-testosterone ngendlela yokujola njalo ngenyanga. Ukwelapha okunjalo akusikho njalo kuholele ekwandeni kokukhula kokugcina, kodwa kuvumela ingane ukuthi ingene esikhathini sokusakaza futhi ikwazi ukugxuma ekukhuleni ngesikhathi esifanayo nontanga.