Abazali abafisa ukujwayelana nesisekelo sesayensi lapho kunconywa khona izincomo zokusungulwa kokudla kokuqala okuhambisanayo kwezinsana, sincoma ukuthi ufunde ngokucophelela izinto zokwenziwa kweWorld Health Organisation kanye ne-International Dairy League ("LLL") .Izincomo ezisemthethweni kuphela ukuncelisa ingane ngokukhethekile okungenani izinyanga ezingu-6 Ngemuva kokubeletha, kuze kube yileli minyaka, ingane ayinikezwa ngamanzi, ama-juice, noma okunye ukudla. Izinyanga ezingu-6 ngumkhawulo ophansi wokuqala kokudla okuhambisanayo. futhi kamuva. Ukwengeza okudingekayo: ngaphansi kokuncelisa i-WHO okukhethekile, i-WHO isho izimiso ezinjalo.
1. Ingane encane ithola ubisi lwebele njalo kaningi ngendlela ayithandayo. Noma kunjalo, isikhathi sesicelo ngasinye esifubeni asikhawulelwe.
2. Izinkanyezi ziyadingeka, futhi uma kungenzeka, ukulala ngokuhlanganyela nomama.
3. Ngesikhathi sokusungulwa kwesondlo sokuqala okuhambisanayo, umntwana akhishwe ekusebenziseni ama-pacifiers, izingono namabhodlela.
Kukhona iqembu elikhulu lezingane ezineminyaka engama-6 ubudala, ezingakakulungeli ukufunda okuthile ngaphandle kobisi besifazane. Lokhu kubangelwe ngokuyinhloko ekuqaliseni kokuvuthwa kwepheshana lomzimba. Ngabe hlobo luni lwezingane ngokuvamile alulungele ukwethulwa kokudla okuhambisana nonyaka wesigamu? Lezi zingane, ezivame ukugula, zisengozini yemithi ebelethwe yi-caesarean section (noma ngokunye ukungenelela kwezokwelapha), okuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezihamba kancane, futhi okungeyona engavamile ekuthuthukiseni isimiso sezinzwa. Futhi nezinsana, ezitholile esikhathini esidlule, ngaphezu kobisi lwebele, ukudla okungeziwe, uketshezi noma imithi. Kodwa kulokhu akukho lutho olwesabekayo! Ungalinda ngokuphephile isikhathi sakho, uqhubeke ngokubeletha ngokugcwele futhi ubheke ukuhambisana nesisindo nokuphakama kwengane ngezinga lakhe leminyaka.
Indlela yokulungisa kahle ingane ngokuqala kokudla okuhambisanayo nokuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani ukwethulwa kokudla kokuqala okuhambisanayo ezinganeni?
Esinye sezici eziyisisekelo zokuqeqeshwa, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, ukutholakala kokuncelisa. Ubisi lomama ukuthi izinto ezibangela ukuvuthwa kwesimiso se-enzymatic esiswini, ukwakheka kwe-microflora emathunjini enempilo, ukudala umgoqo wokungena kwamagciwane egazi lomntwana, kanye nezinye izingxenye eziningi zokulungela ziqukethe.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo esilandelayo ekusungulweni kokudla kokuqala okuhambisanayo kuyoba yintsana eyaziwayo ngokuphila kwekhishini nokuziphatha etafuleni. Kungukuqondisa kwazo zonke izindlela zokudla okuzokwenza ukuba umuntu omncane akhe isimo sengqondo esifanele sokudla. Ingane inentshisekelo kuyo yonke into: lapho imikhiqizo igcinwa khona, indlela ebukeka ngayo efomini eluhlaza, ukuthi benzani ngokulungiselela ukudla, yikuphi iphunga elikhona, ukuthi ukudla ngokudlulela kuhambisana kanjani futhi ngokuvumelana. Ngelinye ilungu, ilungu elisha lomndeni kuzo zonke izindlela ezitholakalayo kuye lithatha isiko lesimo sengqondo ngokudla okuyisici salo mndeni, futhi lihlanganisa imithetho eyisisekelo yokuziphatha etafuleni. Iseluleko esiwusizo ngalesi sigaba:
Vumela umntwana ukuba abe khona eduze kwakho ngenkathi upheka;
Ngokuvamile ukuthatha nawe etafuleni ngesikhathi sokudla.
Izingane ezineminyaka engama-4-6 izinyanga zivame ukubonisa isithakazelo esiqotho kulezi zihloko abazibonayo etafuleni ngesikhathi sekuseni-ukudla kwasemini. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuthatha isithakazelo esijabulisayo kuthathwa ukuzwa ukulamba futhi, "ngokuzisola" ingane, baqala ukwethula ukudla okuhambisanayo. Ukwethulwa kokudla kokuqala okungeziwe kumntwana akukwazi kube nzima kumama, umntwana angakwazi ukuzethemba.Ungeke wenze iphutha elinjalo! Umntwana akadingi ukudla nhlobo, kepha kuphela amapuni , amapuleti, napkins kanye nezinye izinto eziziqhenyayo ezise phambi kwakhe.Ufuna ukulingisa izenzo zabantu abadala: udonsa i-spoon emlonyeni wakhe, uphebe indebe, uyilethe emlonyeni wakhe bese uhlamba emgqeni wezingubo. Ufuna ukutadisha ngokugcwele izindawo zetafula: indlela abamba ngayo, aphunga, kodwa ukuthi ukubeka olimini, ubheka indlela abantu abadala abahlafuna ngayo futhi badle ukudla, baphumelele kumama noma ubaba emlonyeni wakhe, bazama ukuphinda baphinde baphathe ukudla, ngakho-ke sizomnika ingane etafuleni konke esikucabangela ukuthi kuvunyelwe - lezo zinto , engamlimazi futhi ungakhathazeki ngokuphepha kwayo.) Uma ingane ibopha ezandleni zakho, mnike ithoyizi, uyibeke phansi phansi, makenze ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa ekhishini (izimbiza, izilinganiso, njll).
Ake sibone lokho okwakushiwo futhi sigcizelele imisebenzi eyinhloko yesigaba sokulungiselela ukujwayela ukudla kwabantu abadala bese ujwayele ukwethulwa kokudla kokuqala okuhambisanayo kwengane.
1. Izingane zigcina izinyathelo zokupheka nokubukeka etafuleni ekhishini.
Uhlola izakhiwo zalezo zinto ezisetshenziselwa ukudla.
3. I-crumb ithola umbono wokuqala mayelana nemithetho yokuziphatha etafuleni.
4. Yakha umqondo jikelele womqondo womuntu ekudleni.
Usulungele kakade?
Indlela yokunquma ukuthi ingane isilungele ngempela ukwethulwa kokudla okuhambisanayo? Iqembu lokuqala lezimpawu
kubangelwa ukuqala kwesigaba esithile sokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo yengane. Ngabe lokhu kubonakaliswa kanjani?
I-crumb yafinyelela ezingeni elidingekile lokuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba.
Ingane ingakwazi ukuzitholela ngokuzithandela ukudla ngesandla, isilethe emlonyeni, ifake tincetu zokudla emlonyeni wayo, ukuhlafuna, ukugwinya noma ukuyihlakaza uma engayithandi.
Uyakwazi ukucela ukudla, ubonise izimpawu zokuhamba, izimpawu noma imisindo, yimuphi wemikhiqizo ayifunayo manje.
Kungabonisa ngokucacile ukwehluleka ukuhlala etafuleni ngokuqhubekayo.
Ukucabanga kwakhe okucishayo kolimi kuphelile: ululaza kalula izinsini zokudla, hhayi ukuwaphika futhi angazizwa unesifiso sokuhlanza. Ukwethulwa kokudla kokuqala okuhambisanayo kumntanami kulungile ngamakhono afaneleko wengane.
Ukuvela kwesithakazelo sokudla kwangempela emntwaneni
Intshisekelo yukudla, hhayi izinto ezisetafuleni.
Ingane ayitholi phansi, uma esikhundleni sokudla ihlinzekwa ukudlala ne-tableware, amathoyizi, ama-napkins kanye namaphoyinti.
Ingane ayinaso isithakazelo ikakhulu ukuthi abantu abadala bayidla kanjani, abafinyeleli kubo emlonyeni lapho behlafuna.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzovuma ukuncelisa ibele esikhundleni sokudla.
Kunesithakazelo sokudla okuqhubekayo: lokhu kuziphatha kuyahlelekile, hhayi isikhathi esisodwa. Iqembu lesibili lezibonakaliso zokulungele ukwethulwa kokudla okuhambisanayo kungenxa yokuqala kwesigaba esidingekayo sokuvuthwa kwesigcawu somzimba. Yini ehlanganisiwe kuleli qembu?
Ukungabi nhlobo kokuphendula okweqile ngemuva kokwazi umkhiqizo omusha.
Ukungabi nokuhlanza ngemuva kokuthatha ukudla "omdala".
Azikho izinkinga zokugaya ngemva kokusampula kokudla okungavamile (ukumbumbuluzwa, isifo sohudo, ukuvuvukala).
Uma okungenani kunesinye salezi zimpawu ngemuva kokwethulwa kokudla okuhambisanayo, masingasheshi! Ingxenyana yomntwana ayisakakulungeli ukugaya nokufaniswa kokudla okuhambisanayo. Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuncelisa ukondla okukhethekile, ulinde ukunyamalala okuphelele kwemiphumela engajabulisayo yokusungulwa kwesidlo esisha nokuphinda imizamo ngekhefu elingekho kwesonto elilodwa. Okusho ukuthi, ingane ikhula ngokwanele, inzalo yokudla okuzinzile futhi ayikho into engathandeki yokusabela emathangeni omzimba ukuze kuphekwe ngokuhambisana. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, ukwethulwa kokudla kwabantu abadala kuzobhekwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Izimiso ezibalulekile zokusungulwa kokudla kokuqala okuhambisanayo
Into esemqoka futhi ebaluleke kunazo zonke: ukuncelisa kufanele ngokuqinisekile kuhlale empilweni yomntwana emvuthweni ofanayo. Asikho isizathu sokunciphisa inani lezinamathiselo esifubeni.
Isingeniso sokudla okuhambisanayo nokuncelisa amabele yizinqubo ezimbili ezihambisanayo ezenza imisebenzi ehlukene futhi zinenhloso ehlukile. Ngendlela, umntwana ubeka ngokucacile le misebenzi: isibonelo, ukulala, udinga isifuba, hhayi ama-gramu angu-50 we-cottage shizi, nokuzolalisa ngemuva kokucindezeleka okutholiwe - naye.
Isimiso sesibili esibalulekile : ukukhanga kwakhiwa kusukela emikhiqizweni yokudla komama. Kwakungenxa yokuthi ingane yazi kahle isikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa, izoqinisekisa ukuthi ukujwayela okubushelelezi nokungenabungozi nokudla "okudala".
Kunconywa ukunikeza ingane ukudla okufanayo okwenziwa ngaleso sikhathi etafuleni jikelele. Sithemba ukuthi ukudla kwakho kuphelile futhi kuyahlukahluka ukuze kufanelane nemivuthu. Uma kungenjalo, sekuyisikhathi sokuqinisekisa ukuthi imenyu yakho yomndeni iyasiza kakhulu: imikhiqizo yemvelo ephekwe ku-steamed, abilisiwe noma ibhakiwe; izithelo nemifino eningi; okusanhlamvu okuphelele, hhayi isinkwa esimhlophe. Gwema ama-sauces asezimboni, ama-sausage, ama-sweetries amnandi, kanye nemikhiqizo eqeda ukuphela, okungaqinisekako. Umbuso wesithathu: ngokushesha sijwayele ingane ukuba sidle ngokuzimela. Yiqiniso, usizo oluncane lungavumelekile: umama uqapha ukugcinwa kokuhlanzeka nxazonke zengane, kukhuthaza ukuhamba kahle, ukulawula ukuziphatha kwakhe, ukubeka imvuthu emadolweni. Kodwa umntwana oye waphila ngokugcwele isikhathi sokwakheka kokudla okuhambisanayo futhi waqala ukujwayelana nokudla kwabantu abadala ngesikhathi esifanele kuye, okwazi kahle ukusebenzisa indebe, isipuni, angakwazi ukuletha ngokunembile ukudla okungena emlonyeni. Isimiso sesine esisisekelo: umntwana okokuqala uhlinzekwa ngemikhiqizo ehlukene. Amafutha okushisa ahlukene, amazambane ahlambulukile, izingcezu zemifino noma izithelo, izimpahla ezinobhakabhaka, okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu. Kubalulekile ukufundisa ingane ukuba isebenzise ngokugcwele amakhono amashishini omhlathi, kanye nokunikeza izikhuthazo ekuthuthukiseni amakhono wokuhlafuna nokugwinya.
Isimiso sesihlanu esibalulekile : umjikelezo ogcwele wokudla okuhambisanayo yisikhathi sonyaka owodwa.
I-WHO incoma ukuthi izinga lokunyuka komuntu omdala likhuphuka kancane kancane, ligcizelela ukuthi kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka eyodwa nengxenye, ubisi lwebele kufanele bube yisidlo esikhulu somntwana.
Ungeke nini uqale ukukhanga?
Izimo lapho ukwethulwa kokudla okuhambisanayo akufanele kuphuthumiswe, empeleni, akunjalo.
Ingane igula ngento ethile, ihlolwa, iphuza imithi noma iya esibhedlela.
Kwafika isikhathi sokusebenza okubuhlungu nokubuhlungu. Umama waya emsebenzini, afundela, noma ngokuzumayo wagula.
Umndeni usanda kuthuthela endaweni entsha yokuhlala. Ekuphileni komntwana kwakukhona unanny noma elinye ilungu elisha lomndeni.
Umndeni unezimo ezicindezelayo: isibonelo, isehlukaniso, ukulungiswa, ukufa kwezihlobo, izingxabano zasekhaya. Kwakukhona izinguquko eziphawulekayo futhi eziphawulekayo enhlanganweni yokuphila komntwana (waqala ukuvakashela echibini, ukuthuthukisa amakilasi, wahamba nonina waya olwandle, njll).
Okokuqala, kanye nokwethulwa kokudla kokuqala okuhambisanayo, kubalulekile ukuthi izinsana zikhethe umzuzu ofanele ongahambisani nemibandela engenhla. Kunconywa ukulinda kuze kube yilapho impilo ihamba kahle, ingane izokwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha, impilo yakhe izoba yinto evamile futhi kuphela emva kwalolu hlelo ukujwayela ukudla okusha.