Umdlavuza weMfula yizinhlobo zomndeni wama-decapod crustaceans we-Astacidea oda. Umzimba womdlavuza uqukethe:
- I-cephalothorax, enezingxenye ezimbili: i-anterior (ikhanda) ne-posterior (thoracic), ifakwe ndawonye. Engxenyeni yekhanda kukhona umgogodla obukhali. Ezingxenyeni zaso emagqumeni ayo emigqumeni ehambayo kunama-convex amehlo. Ngaphambi komdlavuza womfula kunamabili amabili wezintuthwane ezincane, phakathi kweyodwa emfushane, enye enye ende.
- I-Flat, isisu esisodwa, esakhiwa ngamagceke angu-7. Isisu somdlavuza sinemibhobho emibili yemigqa emibili, okuyinto amanzi ahlanzekile asetshenziselwa ukubhukuda. Ama-6th no-7 amabili emilenzeni yesisu enza i-caudal fin.
Amakhemikhali amanzi ahlanzekile afaka isicelo sokuvikelwa nokuhlaselwa. Izinsikazi zincane kunamadoda futhi izingxenye zesisu zikhulu kakhulu kune-cephalothorax. Abesilisa banezinsipho ezinamandla kakhulu. Uma umdlavuza womfula ulahlekelwe umlenze, ngemuva kwenqubo ye-molting, iyokhula inja entsha esikhundleni sendawo yangaphambili. Umbala we-crayfish umfula ungashintsha ngenxa yezindawo zamanzi nendawo yokuhlala. Ngokuvamile, umdlavuza womfula unombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ama-crayfish aseMfuleni ahlala emanzini amasha eYurophu. Lesi sidumbu sitholakala emanzini ahlanzekile amasha: emifuleni, emachibi, emachibini, emifudlana esheshayo noma egelezayo (kuze kube yi-5 m kuya ejulile, enezintambo ezifika ku-12 m). Umdlavuza weMfula uya ekuzingeleni ebusuku kuphela. Emini, ihlala kuyo yonke indawo yokuhlala - ngaphansi kwezimpande zemithi, amatshe, iminyango kanye nezinye izinto ezingase zilale phansi. Uvikela indawo yakhe yokukhosela kwamanye ama-crayfish. Amanzi ahlanzekile angadala imifula kuze kufike ku-35 cm ubude. Ehlobo, i-crayfish imifula ihlala emanzini angajulile, futhi ebusika - iya ngokuya enhlabathini enamandla, yobumba noma enhlabathini.
Njengomuntu, amaqabunga omfula asetshenziswe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa yizinsalela zezingxobo zezilwane ezitholakale "emakamelweni ekhishini" ngesikhathi seNeolithic. Ngaphambi kokukhonza, amanzi ahlanzekile acubungulwa ngokubilisa ngamanzi anosawoti, athole ngemuva kokubomvu okubomvu kanye nephunga elimnandi, elimnandi. Ama-crayfish asephekwe asetshenziswe etafuleni efafazwe nanoma yimaphi ama-herbs (iparsley, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, amadill, njll).
Umbala we-crayfish ngesikhathi sokupheka uchazwa ngobuningi be-carotenoids kuzo. Esikhumbeni kukhona i-Astaxanthin enemibala, ewuhlobo oluhlanzekile olubomvu obomvu. Ngaphambi kokwelashwa kokushisa ezilwaneni eziphilayo ze-crustaceans, i-carotenoids ihlangene namaprotheni, ngakho-ke umbala wengubo yamanzi ahlanzekile unombala obomvu, obomvu noma obomvu. Ngesikhathi sokubilisa, lezi zinhlanganisela ziyahlukana, futhi ukukhululwa kwe-astaxanthin kuveza umbala obomvu.
Ngaphambi kokusika i-crayfish, kufanele ibiliswe ngamanzi abilayo, ukuze inyama ihlukaniswe kalula negobolondo.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo zomdlavuza womfula:
Inyama enomsoco kakhulu yomdlavuza wamanzi itholakala esiswini nasemagqumeni. Umthamo omkhulu uqukethe esiswini.
Inyama yomdlavuza womfula imhlophe ngombala, ngezimvino ezincane ezingavamile. Kuyinto enempilo kakhulu futhi enhle kakhulu ukunambitha. Ekubunjweni kwayo, inyama yomdlavuza inamaprotheni amaningi kanye nokuqukethwe okungenani okungenani kwamafutha. Inyama yalesi sidumbu ibhekisela ekudleni okuphezulu nokukhiqiza okumnandi, okukhishwa kalula futhi iqukethe inombolo enkulu yezakhi eziwusizo. Lezi zihlanganisa: amaprotheni (kufika ku-16%), i-calcium, amavithamini E no-B12. I-meat of crayfish yemifula iqukethe ubuncane be-cholesterol namafutha, kanye nama-khalori.
Yiqiniso, umdlavuza wamanzi awuwona irekhodi lomthamo wenyama kuwo uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imindeni yamanzi angama-crustaceans abantu abasebenzisa ukudla. Kumuntu omdala, kukhona inyama encane. Isibonelo, ngo-kilogram yama-shrimp aqukethe amagremu angama-400 enyama, kanye ne kilogram yama-crayfish - cishe amagremu angu-100-150. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-crayfish ama-river anezikhathi ezingu-3-4 ezibiza ngaphezu kwama-shrimps. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-crayfish kusekelwe ekubukeni okukhangayo kwezitsha azihlobisa.
Ukwakhiwa kwenyama yomdlavuza womfula iqukethe inani elikhulu lesulfure, ngakho-ke akufanele ligcinwe ku-cookware e-cookware. Ngemuva kokuxhumana nezitsha zensimbi, inyama iphendulela abamnyama kanye nezinyathelo. Kutuswa ukusebenzisa i-glassware.