Okokuqala, bahlanganyela ekwakhiweni kwamandla adingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle yonke inyama, ukulawula umzimba kanye nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zomsebenzi obalulekile - kusukela ekuphefumuleni kuya ekusebenzeni okuzala. I-hormone ye-thyroid inikeza ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa komzimba, ukulawula isisindo somzimba, isistimu yomzimba.
Kodwa ingubo ye-thyroid enempilo ibaluleke kakhulu kubesifazane, ngoba ayihlinzeki nje kuphela uhlelo lokuzala, kodwa ilawula imvelaphi ye-hormonal ngokujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi phakathi nokushaqeka kwe-hormonal njengobusuku bokukhulelwa, ukukhulelwa, ukukhulelwa komama. Ukukhubazeka kwe-thyroid phakathi nale nkathi kuholela emiphumeleni engathandeki - ukwephulwa komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, ukungabi namuntu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha ukusebenza kahle kwegciwane le-thyroid kanye nokulinganisela kwe-hormone. Uma izifo noma ukuphazanyiswa komsebenzi wakhe kubonakala, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ukuze kubuyiselwe ukusebenza. Okokuqala, lokhu kungukudla kwezidakamizwa ze-hormonal.
Ngokuvamile, isifo se-thyroid sihlotshaniswa nokuntuleka kwama-hormone akhiqizwa yi-hypothyroidism noma nge-overabundance ye-hyperthyroidism. Zombili zilawulwa ngamalungiselelo akhethekile aqukethe amahomoni angokwemvelo noma ayenziwe.
Ukuze uhlaziye ukungabi khona kwamahomoni e-thyroid, okuthiwa yi-substitution therapy eyenziwa, usebenzisa i-thyroid. Lesi sidakamizwa senziwa ezigulini ze-thyroid zezilwane zezilwane ngokumisa nokuziqeda. Itholakala ngendlela yamathebulethi noma ama-powders futhi isetshenziselwa kuphela njengoba iqondiswa udokotela. Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwalesi sidakamizwa kunomthelela ekwenzeni okujwayelekile ukusetshenziswa kwe-metabolism, ukucebisa izicubu nge-oxygen, ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wesimiso nesifo senhliziyo. Ukuze ukhokhele i-hypofunction ye-gland yegciwane, umuthi unqunywe i-tablet 1 izikhathi ezintathu ekuseni emva kokudla. Isilinganiso esiqondile sinqunywa udokotela esekelwe imiphumela yezivivinyo. Isidakamizwa asikwazi ukuthathwa sisodwa, ngoba ngesilinganiso esingalungile, i-tachycardias, i-angina pectoris, ukukhuphuka okukhulu, ukuphazanyiswa nezinye izinkinga kungenzeka. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa i-thyroid ngesifo sikashukela.
Ungasebenzisa futhi i-thyroxine. Kuyinto imithi ephindaphinda ukuntuleka kwamahomoni wegciwane. Ikhuthaza ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa komzimba, ukugaya umzimba kwamaprotheni, amafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenqubo yesifo senhliziyo neyesifo senhliziyo. Njengoba imiphumela emibi ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-hyperteriosis (i-tachycardia ne-angina pectoris, ukuleleka nokukhathazeka) - ngakho-ke, ukuqapha okubaluleke kakhulu udokotela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa iziguli ezine-angina, i-infarction ye-myocardial kanye nokungasebenzi kwe-cortex yesikhangiso.
Ukuze ukwelashwa kwe-hypofunction, ungasebenzisa i-thyrotome, umlomo omusha ukuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa. I-Thyreotom ikhishwa ngendlela yamathebulethi futhi inokuphikisana okufanayo njenge-thyroxin, kanti nemiphumela emibi ingabonakali - ngaphansi kwemibandela yokwelashwa ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela. Ukusabela okweqile kungase kwenzeke futhi uma kukhona ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, isimo siyaqhubeka. Isilinganiso sinqunywe ngabanye ngesikhathi sokubonisana nodokotela, futhi umuthi unikezwa kuphela ngomuthi.
Kufanele ukhethe isidakamizwa esifanele kuwe kuphela udokotela emva kokuhlolwa okufanele, kuhlanganise nokuhlola kwegazi le-hormonal kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ye-gland yegciwane. Ukudla njalo kwezidakamizwa ezikhethiwe kahle kuzolawula ukungalingani kwe-hormonal ngenyanga.
Uma i-gland yegciwane ikhiqiza i-hormone kakhulu, khuluma ngengqondo yayo. Lesi simo asiyona engozini kakhulu kunokwanele, futhi sibangela lesi sifo enhliziyweni yedolobha. Kulolu daba, udokotela ukhetha izidakamizwa ze-hormonal ezicindezela ukucindezeleka - lokhu kuyi-thiamazole (mercazolil), i-perchlorate ye-potassium. Lezi zinto zinciphisa i-hormone ye-thyrotropic ye-lobe yangaphakathi ye-pituitary gland, evamile ukulinganisela kwe-hormonal emzimbeni.
I-Thiamazole kufanele iphinde isetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kukadokotela futhi ihambisane ngokugcwele nemigomo yayo, ngoba ngokuyeka ukuqala kokwelashwa kwe-thiamazole, ukubuyela emuva kwe-hyperfunction kunokwenzeka. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuqhubekayo kuyimpoqo, futhi uma imiphumela emibi (umkhuhlane ophuthumayo, umkhuhlane, ukuphuza isikhumba noma ukukhwabanisa, ukucabangela nokuhlanza) kwenzeka, yeka ukuthatha imithi.
I-perchlorate ye-potassium i-agent e-antithyroid esiza ukuvimbela ukuphefumula kwe-thyroid futhi iqondise ibhalansi ye-hormone. Isidakamizwa sitholakala ngendlela yamaphilisi okusetshenziswa nsuku zonke emva kokubonisana nochwepheshe. Ukuqhathaniswa yi-ulcer peptic yesisu ne-duodenum.
Ukusetshenziswa okunamandla kwezidakamizwa ze-hormonal, elawulwa udokotela, kuzosiza ukujwayela i-gland yegciwane kanye nesimo sangemuva se-hormonal, kanti ukusetshenziswa okuzimele kwezidakamizwa kungabangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwezinhlelo eziningi, ngoba ama-hormone alawula umsebenzi wenyama yonke. Manje uyazi ukuthi yiziphi izidakamizwa ze-hormonal ezidingekayo ukuze uthole igciwane le-thyroid.