Iningi lamacala e-meningitis libangelwa amagciwane, futhi ngokuvamile lesi sifo siba ngesimo esibucayi. Ngokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya, lesi simo singasongela ukuphila ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane.
Ama-pathogens avamile
Izinhlobo ezintathu zamabhaktheriya njengama-pathogens oyinhloko ezibangela i-75% yazo zonke izimo ze-bacterial meningitis:
- I-Neisseria meningitidis, noma i-meningococcus, i-pathogen evame kakhulu ethinta izingane, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-5, nasezintwaneni.
- I-Streptococcus pneumoniae - le bacterium ibhekene nokuthuthukiswa kwe-pneumonia, kanti futhi iyimbangela ye-meningitis ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala nakubantu abadala.
- I-Haemophilus influenzae - ithinta ikakhulu izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5, nakuba zingavamile kakhulu ngenxa yokugoma kwendawo yonke.
Ukuze kuqashwe ukwelashwa okwanele, kubalulekile ukunquma i-agent causative yesifo. Ku-meningitis, hlola i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) negazi. Amasampula atholakala esigulini athunyelwa ukuhlaziywa kwi-laboratory microbiological.
Amasampula we-CSF
I-CSF igxuma ubuchopho nentambo yomgogodla, futhi ngokuvamile kuvame uketshezi olungenambala, olubala. Uma kubhekwa ukuba ne-meningitis, isampula ye-CSF itholakala ngokugqunywa kwesibindi, lapho inaliti eyinyumba ifakwa khona endaweni ejikeleze umgogodla osemuva. I-Smooth CSF iqinisa ukusola kwe-bacterium meningitis. Isampula ithunyelwa ku-laboratory.
Amasampula wegazi
Ku-meningitis yebhaktheriya, ukutheleleka ngokuvamile kuvame ukungena egazini ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-septicemia, ngakho igazi lesiguli liqondiswa nokuhlolwa kwe-microbiological. Ngemuva kokungcola kwesikhumba, igazi lihoxiswa emthanjeni. Igazi lijova libe yipayipi yokuhlola enekhambi lezakhi zokulima amabhaktheriya. Ukuxilongwa kwe-bacteria meningitis kusekelwe ekuqaliseni izifo ezifuywayo kwi-CSF isampula. Kuyadingeka ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuthola umphumela wokuhlaziywa kokuqashwa okwesikhashana okwelashwa okwanele. Esikhatsini se-laboratory microbiological, abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile bathola amasampuli bese baqale ngokushesha isifundo ukuze banikeze umphumela kudokotela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ucwaningo lwe-CSF
I-tube ne-CSF ifakwa kwi-centrifuge - i-apparatus ejikelezayo esheshayo, okuqukethwe kwayo kuthathwa isinyathelo ngamandla we-centrifugal. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi amangqamuzana namabhaktheriya atholakale phansi kwebhubhisi njengesikhala.
Microscopy
Isampula se-sediment sihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ngokubala inani lama-leukocyte. Ku-meningitis ye-bacterial, kunyuke inani lamaseli ku-CSF. Ukuthola amabhaktheriya kusilayidi, idayi ekhethekile (ukugaya i-Gram) isetshenziswa. Uma isampula iqukethe ama-pathogens avela kuma-pathogens amathathu asemqoka, angatholwa yi-staining staining of the bacteria. Umphumela we-microscopy nokugcoba nge-Gram ngokushesha kubikwa kudokotela ukuze akwazi ukuhlinzeka ukwelashwa okufanele.
Ukulima kwe-CSF
Okusele kwe-CSF kusakazwa izitsha eziningana zePetri nge medium culture ukutshala amabhaktheriya. I-CSF ngokuvamile iyinyumba, ngakho ukutholakala kwanoma yikuphi amabhaktheriya kubalulekile. Ukuze uhlukanise lezi noma ezinye izilwanyana ezincane, abezindaba bezakhi ezahlukene kanye nezimo zokulima kudingeka. Izitsha zikaPetri zifakwa ngobusuku obubusuku e-thermostat futhi zihlolwe ngakusasa ekuseni. Ukwandisa amakoloni amabhaktheriya agcwele iGrama. Ngesinye isikhathi sibheka ekuhlaleni okuqhubekayo kwama-microorganisms akhula kancane. Isampula segazi esitholwa yisiguli, isazi selebhu sisakaza ema-tubes amabili wokuhlola okulimalayo. Kwelinye lazo, izimo ze-aerobic zokukhula kwe-colony (phambi kwe-oksijeni) zizogcinwa, kwesinye - i-anaerobic (endaweni engcolile). Ngemuva kwamahora angu-24 okufakwa ngaphakathi, isampula encane yezinto ezibonakalayo sisusiwe ku-tube ngayinye futhi ikhuliswe ngokuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo njenge-CSF. Noma yikuphi okukhona kwamabhaktheriya azobonakala, enemibala futhi ekhonjisiwe. Umphumela uba kubikwa ngokushesha kudokotela oya khona. Eminyakeni yamuva, izindlela zenzelwe ukuthola ukutheleleka futhi zikhomba i-pathogen ngqo kwi-CSF noma egazini.
Imiphumela Esheshayo
Ukuhlolwa kwe-latex agglutination kusekelwe ekuphenduleni kwe-antigen-antibody. Ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa kuyasiza kakhulu uma isiguli sinikezwe imithi ngaphambi kokubanjwa. Izindlela zendabuko zinikeza umphumela kuphela ngosuku, kanti lolu hlelo lwanamuhla luhlinzeka ngolwazi ngokushesha kakhulu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu esikoleni esisheshayo se-meningitis, esingaqeda ukubulala.