I-scarlet fever
I-scarlet fever yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangela amabhaktheriya e-streptococcus. Izimpawu zibandakanya umkhuhlane, i-tonsillitis, ukuvuvukala kwezigulane zomlomo wesibeletho, ukubonakala kwamabala anesifo esikhumbeni. I-scarlet fever ivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-2-10, ngokuvamile ukuqhuma kubonakala ebusika noma entwasahlobo. Cishe ngesinye isisodwa ezingamashumi amabili ezinganeni ezinomphimbo obuhlungu nomkhuhlane kutholakala umkhuhlane omnyama. Isikhathi sokugxilwa sincane (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-1-2). Amachashazi avela ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2 emva kokuqala kwesifo, okuvame kakhulu entanyeni nasesifuba, kusakazwa yonke indawo. Izifo ezihambisana nokugqama kwezikhumba zingase zibe nezinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngokuthi izici ziphi, kepha ngokuvamile azibangeli izinkinga eziyingozi futhi ziyakwazi ukukhulelwa ukwelashwa. Amachashazi aphikelela cishe isonto, ngemuva kokunyamalala kwawo, isikhumba esithombeni kanye nasezincekeni zeminwe nezinzwane zingakwazi ukucima. Umkhuhlane we-scarlet uphathwa, njengama-throat infections, nama-antibiotic abhubhisa amabhaktheriya, kanye nokuphumula, ukuphuza okuningi, ama-analgesics nama-antipyretic. Ngaphandle kwama-antibiotics, umkhuhlane omnyama, njenge-tonsillitis, ungangena ezindlebeni zezindlebe, sinusitis, ukuvuvukala kwezingqungquthela zomlomo wesibeletho (lymphadenitis), ukuxhaswa kwamathani. Izinkinga eziyingozi kunazo zonke ziyi-rheumatism kanye nomonakalo wezinso (glomerulonephritis) noma inhliziyo (cardiopathy ye-rheumatic). Isilinganiso esiphumelele kakhulu sokuvimbela ukugoma.
I-Rubella
I-Rubella iyisifo esithathelwanayo segciwane lesandulela ngculaza, lapho ukubonakala kwamachashazi noma ukuqubuzana esikhumbeni nokuvuvukala kwezingubo zomlomo wesibeletho kuyafana. Iningi livame ukuvela ebuntwaneni. Uma umuntu omdala egula, i-rubella kubesifazane abakhulelwe ngezinye izikhathi kuholela ekufeni kwengane engakazalwa. Isikhathi sokugxilwa kwezinsuku siyizinsuku ezingu-10-23, ukutheleleka kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2 ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-rash, ukutheleleka kuqhubeka nezinye izinsuku ezingu-6-7 ngemuva kokunyamalala kwayo. I-Rubella idlula cishe ngokungenakulinganiswa noma ihambisana nokunyuka okuncane kokushisa. Ukushona okubomvu (kungabonakala ngendlela ehlukile) kuqala kubonakala ebusweni nasesifuba futhi kusakaze emzimbeni cishe emahoreni angu-24. Ukuqhuma ngokuvamile kuyanyamalala ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-1-5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigulane ezivuvukayo, ngezinye izikhathi zibuhlungu kakhulu. Ayikho yokwelashwa okusebenzayo kwe-rubella. Uma kuhambisane nomkhuhlane kanye nokungahambi kahle, kutuswa ukuthatha imithi yokudambisa lezi zimpawu. Umgomo wokulwa nesimungumungulu, i-rubella nama-mumps (MMR) uqinisekisa ukuvikelwa ekubhekeleni i-rubella yokuphila. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umgomo uvikela lesi sifo kanye nokudluliselwa kwawo, ngakho-ke, kuvikela izingane ezizayo.
Izisulu
Imisipha yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa abamele umndeni we-paramyxoviruses. Ama-measles asakazeka kakhulu, adluliselwa ngokuxhumana ngokuqondile nomthwali noma ngomoya (isibonelo, ngokukhipha). Imvuthwandaba evame ukuvela ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-1 -4 ubudala, kodwa emva kokugoma okukhulu, ukuqubuka kuvele kungavamile. Isikhathi sokugxilonga siphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-10, ukuphakama kokutheleleka kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-4-5, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo zivele. Isivunguvungu esivame ukugcina izinsuku ezingu-10 kusukela ekubukeni kwezimpawu zokuqala. Njengoba usuphelile isishukela, ingane ithola umkhuhlane kuye impilo. Ekuqaleni, kunesifo somkhuhlane, ukuphelelwa yithemba, izimo ze-catarrhal, ukuguqulwa kwamagciwane ukukhanya, i-conjunctivitis, ukukhwehlela owomile. Ebusweni nasentanyeni kukhona ukuqhuma okuqala ukusakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba futhi kuwuhlanganisa esikhathini esingaphansi kwezinsuku ezimbili. Kulesi sigaba, ingane ingase ibe nokushisa okuphezulu - kufika ku-40 C, kwezinye izimo - ubuhlungu besisu, isifo sohudo kanye nokuhlanza. Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu emasimini, ikakhulukazi ezinsaneni, ziyizifo eziphakathi nendlebe kanye nezifo zokuphefumula ezifana ne-pneumonia. Izimpukane azivami ukudala izifo ze-neurologic. Ngezinhlelo zokugoma zanamuhla, ukuqubuka kwesisimungumane kungavamile, nokutheleleka okuphakanyisiwe ekuphumuleni kokuqala kanye nezidakamizwa ezinciphisa izinga lokushisa nokukhulula ukukhwehlela.
I-Chicken Pox
Lesi sifo esithathelwanayo sibangela i-varicella zoster virus (VZV), okuyimbangela ye-herpes zoster (lichen) kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Kuzo zonke izifo ezihambisana nokuqhuma kwesikhumba, inkukhu yezinkukhu ibhekwa njengento evamile kakhulu. I-virus yenkukhu yezinkukhu ivame ukutholakala ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-2-8, kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMeyi. Abantu abadala bangenwa yi-HIV kuphela uma bengakaze bafike ebuntwaneni babo. Isikhathi sokugxilwa sithatha ngokungapheli, cishe amasonto amabili. Kulandelwa ukukhushulwa okungazelelwe kokushisa nokuphefumula, emzimbeni kunamachashaza aqhubekayo asakazeka ebusweni nasemlenzeni kwezinsuku ezingu-3-4. Khona-ke amabala aphenduka ama-bubbles. Njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka, ama-vesicles ayomile, endaweni yawo akhiwa ama-scabs, okuphela kancane kancane. I-Varicella ivame ukuhanjiswa ngokuxhumana ngokuqondile nama-vesicles, esiteji ngaphambi kokubunjwa kwe-scab, ngoba uketshezi okuqukethwe kuwo kunomsoco omkhulu wegciwane. Lesi sifo singasakazwa futhi emoyeni, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphefumula zabathwali bokutheleleka. Ukuphakama kokutheleleka kugcinwa izinsuku ezingu-1-2 ngaphambi kokuvela kwamabhule bese kuqhubeka izinsuku ezingu-5 emva kokuqala kwayo.
Izinkinga ezivame ukwedlula zonke izinkukhu zezinkukhu ziyizifo eziyisibili endaweni ye-vesicles, evame ukubangelwa yi-bacapia Staphylococcus aureus ne-Staphylococcus pyogenes. Esibindi, ngezinye izikhathi izilonda ezilonda izilonda ezibangelwa i-varicella-zoster virus ngokwayo, futhi nakuba zingavamile ukunikeza izimpawu, noma kunjalo, kungenzeka zibe nemiphumela yezinzwa. I-virus ye-varicella-zoster nayo ibangela i-pneumonia kubantu abadala. Uma ukuvimbela ukugonywa noma ukuphathwa ngezidakamizwa zokuzivikela (i-chemotherapy, i-corticosteroids), ingozi ye-varicella zoster enamandla nge-pneumonia nezinye izinkinga ziphezulu kakhulu. Izinkinga ezinkulu ezinganeni azivamile. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukunciphisa ukushaywa okubangelwa ama-vesicles, futhi kwezinye izimo ukusetshenziswa kwe-acyclovir, isidakamizwa esihlasela igciwane le-varicella.
I-erythema esithathelwanayo
I-erythema esithathelwanayo, noma i-megaloeritis, ihambisane nokukhishwa kwesici esifubeni kanye nezandla nokuvuvukala okuqinile kwezihlathi. Kwakungelona lutho ukuthi lesi sifo sabizwa ngokuthi "ukushaywa ebusweni". I-Parvovirus ibangela i-erythema esithathelwanayo. Ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma, izimo ze-catarrhal noma i-pharyngitis kungenzeka, kanye nokwanda kancane kwezinga lokushisa. Ama-Rashes ahlonishwa ngezikhathi zamasonto ambalwa noma ngisho nezinyanga, ngezinye izikhathi avuselelwe ilanga noma ukushisa. Kubantu abadala, i-erythema ihambisana nokuzwa okuvuthayo ebusweni, ubuhlungu obuhlangene, ngisho nezimpawu ze-arthritis. Izifo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa azibangeli izifo ezingavamile ezinganeni, kodwa zandisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu.
I-roseola yezingane
I-Roseola (i-exanthem subitum), eyaziwa nangokuthi "isifo sesithupha", ibangelwa i-herpesvirus yesigaba sesithupha, ibonakala yi-fever ephezulu nokukhwabanisa isikhumba. I-Roseola ithinteka cishe ngamaphesenti angama-30% ezinsana ezinezinyanga ezingu-4-24, zitholakala ezinganeni ezindala, kodwa kuncane kakhulu. Ubude benkathi yokufaka incubation yizinsuku ezingu-5-15. Lesi sifo sitholakale kalula ngokushisa okuphezulu nokushona. Ukushisa kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-3-4, futhi uma kuwela, ukuqhuma okubomvu kubonakala - kuqala esifubeni, ebusweni, esiswini nasezingeni eliphansi emilenzeni. I-Roseola ayiniki izinkinga, ngezinye izikhathi itholakala ukuthi ibuyiselwa emuva, ngemuva kokubonakala kokushona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungadideka nge-pharyngitis noma ukutheleleka indlebe ngenxa yokushisa ngokuhlanganiswa nesisu somlomo noma endlebeni. Manje siyazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokugula kwezikhumba ezinganeni.