Ama-orchid yizimbali ezinhle kunazo zonke emhlabeni wethu. Futhi kukhona eziningi kakhulu kubo! Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 nezinhlobo. Usosayensi waseJalimane u-Alexander Humboldt wake wathi umculi omkhulu kakhulu wokuphila akwanele ukuthatha ukuhlukahluka kwale mibala yezingelosi. Khulisa isimangaliso esinjalo ekhaya - iphupho labalimi abaningi be-flower amateur. Kungenzeka yini? Yebo! Ngakho, izimbali zase-orchid zasendlini nokuzinakekela - isihloko sezingxoxo zanamuhla.
KUNGAKHONA KUNYE, Pardon
Ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-orchids "angelosi" awazange amangalise abantu. Kwakukhona umzabalazo wokuphila, futhi ... badla. Okhokho bethu bathola ukuthi i-orchis (i-orchid yaseYurophu) inezilimo eziyizigaxa ezimbili ngaphansi komhlaba - abancane nabadala. Futhi ezincane - amandla amakhulu. Wenziwe ngomkhiqizo wezokwelapha kanye namandla. Amaqhawe e-Golden Horde ayehlale enamazambane omisiwe nge-knapsack: inhlama encane yafaka isidlo sasemini nesidlo kubo. Izilimo eziyizigaxa, ezifana namathambo, futhi zanikeza igama emndenini. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-300 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu, i-Greek Phosphrastus ibiza ngokuthi i-orchis orchis (kusukela kuma-Greek orchis "- testicles) Futhi kuze kube namuhla siyakujabulela ukudla izithelo zama-orchid. Isibonelo, izithelo zikaVanilla ziyiqabunga elincani. Futhi eThailand kunoma imuphi imakethe uzothola amaqoqo ama-Orchids ayigugu njengesaladi. Ngakho umbono ngemuva kombono uyanyamalala. Ngendlela, ama-orchid ethu asenyakatho alotshwe eNcwadini Ebomvu.
I-MAL GOLDEN ROAD AND ROADS
Ama-orchid izimbali ziyathandeka. Ngisho ne-cymbidiums, i-phalaenopsis nezinkomo zibiza imali eningi. Lokhu kuchazwa yizinkinga zokulima. Phela, ngaphambi kokuba i-orchid ikhule, kuzothatha cishe iminyaka emihlanu. Futhi bathengisa, njengomthetho, banda. Ukusabalalisa ngokuhlukaniswa kwama-rhizomes, izilimo eziyizigaxa, ama-cuttings, amahlumela aso. Kulesi simo, kutholakala izitshalo ezimbili. Ngokuzala imbewu, umuntu angakhula. Kuyinto ethakazelisayo, kodwa futhi kuletha ukuhlupheka okuningi nokukhungatheka. Ukusabalalisa ama-orchid ezishisayo ngembewu akufundile kungekudala. Ngo-1909 kuphela amaFrance aqonda isizathu sokuhluleka. Kwakukhona ukuthi imbewu yama-orchid amaningi iqhuma phambi kwesikhunta esincane, lapho lezi zimbali zihlala khona ngokubambisana. Kodwa kukhona nezinto ezihlekisayo, ezitshelwe kusukela ngekhulu ukuya kwekhulu. Ngakho-ke, uWilliam Cattles, umthandi wezimbali ze-exotics, wathola i-Brazil ipulazi nezitshalo ezishisayo eziboshwe emaqabunga amhlophe. Shiya usosayensi waphonsa ikhoneni le-greenhouse. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva imbali yobuhle obungakaze ibe khona yavela "ekulahleni". Kwakuyi-orchid engaziwa eYurophu. Wazibiza ngokuthi izinkomo.
UNGAZIQONDE NGABASEBENZI
Ezindaweni zethu zokuhlala, izimbali zase-orchid zasendlini azihlali, kepha kunalokho zisinda: kubanda, kusomile, kumnyama. Ukuzinakekela kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zesigcawu, ezingenangqondo kakhulu futhi ezifuna ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa, umswakama. Kodwa azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-simpletons. Iqiniso liwukuthi ama-orchids awadingeki izidingo ezihlangene kokuqukethwe. Uhlobo ngalunye ludinga indlela eyodwa. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-orchid inesikhathi sokuphumula. Uma ngesikhathi sokugubha izinso ukuhambisana nezidingo zayo, izobonga izimbali ezimnandi.
I-Phalaenopsis ingenye yama-orchid avamile. Ngaphambili yanikezwa amathoni amhlophe nebomvu, manje i-gamma ivulekile. Isici-kabanzi, amaqabunga anamanzi. Bambalela amanzi. Amazinga okushisa angaphansi kwama-degrees angu-16 kunzima ukubekezelela. Sika insimu ekhulile.
I-Cymbidium ilula ukubona ngamahlamvu amancane amancane. Ngisho namafomu amancane aphakeme kakhulu. Umoya omuncu uthanda. Esikhathini sokukhwabanisa kudinga umehluko wokushisa. Njengoba le nkathi iwela ehlobo, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlale emoyeni kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSepthemba. Into esemqoka ukuletha ekhaya ngesikhathi.
Izinkomo zihlukile. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo, imbali ifinyelela ku-30 cm. Ukudla, njengomthetho, kunomlomo wemibala ehlukile. Lokhu kunikeza imbali ithuba elikhethekile. Kudinga ngisho nokushisa ngaphandle kwezinguquko, umswakama ophezulu. Kungcono ukugcina i-pallet ene-claydite emanzi. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa nomswakama liyancipha. Uthanda ukukhanya.
I-Cetoglina iningi-elihlangene. Izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-200. Okudumile kunazo zonke ikhekhe le-celinine: izimbali ezimhlophe ezigcwele ezimhlophe nge-yawn ephuzi. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ukuchelela kunciphile. Ungadluli! Ehlobo kungcono ukuthatha umoya omusha emthunzini. Isibonelo, ngaphansi komqhele wesihlahla.
I-Dendrobium enegama layo ithi uyathanda ukukhula emithini. Epiphyte, njengama-orchids amaningi. I-genus eningi kunazo zonke ezivela emndenini wama-orchid cishe yizinhlobo ezingu-1500. Kukhona izitshalo zamamitha amabili ukuphakama, kunezincane ezincane. Izidingo kubo bonke zihlukile. Abaningi emva kokuqhakaza balahle amaqabunga, futhi ngesikhathi sokuphumula badinga ukuphola. Kodwa kunezikhathi ezivuthiwe.
I-Lycasta ingenye yama-orchid amahle kakhulu. Mhlawumbe ngoba ababelethi basebenze kahle ngaleli gciwane. Ukuma kwezimbali nemibala kuyamangalisa. Ubusika uhlahlela amaqabunga ebusika. Uthanda umoya omusha, awubekezeli ukushisa.
I-Miltonius ivame ukubizwa nge-groundes. Phakathi kwembali ngayinye kukhona isithombe esifana nesimanga esimangalisa. Kudinga ukushisa kwansuku zonke okuchazwe ngokucacile. Ikhula ngomthunzi okhethekile.
I-Paphiopedilum - I- Venerin iyinhlayiya. Ngenxa yesikhumba sejazi, le nhlobo isuke ibhekwa ngabaningi ukuba yi-orchids "yangempela". Ngokungafani nezihlobo ze-epiphyte, izicathulo ziyizitshalo zomhlaba. Kuleli qembu kukhona ama-orchid amabili amakhulu. Izimbali zazo zifinyelela ngamamitha ayi-1.5. Bathanda i-penumbra futhi ababekezeli ukukhanya kwelanga.
Izidingo eziqinile zomhlabathi - isici sazo zonke izimbali ze-orchid zasendlini nokuzinakekela ngoba lokhu kunzima nakakhulu. Njengoba iningi lawo li-epiphyte elondla oksijeni, inhlabathi kufanele ibe mnene futhi ibe nomoya omanzi. I-substrate kumele ihlolwe (izicucu zamagxolo, isihlabathi esinamafutha, i-peat fibrous, moss). I-epiphyte (i-phalaenopsis, i-cowya), "iresiphi" ingasetshenziswa: izingxenye ezintathu ze-cortex, izingxenye ezingu-3 zesikhumba (enye ingenwe esikhundleni se-foam echotshoziwe), ingxenye eyodwa ye-sphagnum, ingxenye eyodwa yobumba obhakawa, ama-gramu angu-2 we-lime ngetitha ngalinye le-substrate. I-orchid yomhlaba (i-Venin isihlangu), thatha izingxenye ezingu-5 zamagxolo (i-pine bark iyabiliswa, i-tar ezamahala, igaye), ingxenye engama-1 engxenyeni, i-1 part sphagnum, i-1 ingxenye ye-vermiculite, i-2 amagremu i-lime ngalinye le-litre substrate.