Izitshalo zalolu hlobo zihlanganisa izintende ngesithambo esincane (ngokuvamile iziqu eziningana), okukhona kuzo izibazi ezinemibala. Amaqabunga ezitshalo ayingqayizivele, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eluhlaza, amaqabunga angama-lanceolate, i-comb-erect, ehlukaniswe esiphezulu, ayatholakala kakhulu.
Isundu esakhula ekhaya le-ark linembewu enobuthi, lapho izakhamuzi zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia zenza ukuhlafuna negama elifanayo elithi "betel". Le gum i-chewing ithandwa kakhulu - isetshenziselwa ukuvuselela nokuhlukumeza.
Izinhlobo.
- Areca triandra Roxb. ex. Buch. - nginguye. noma i-Areca imithombo emithathu. Ikhula esiqhingini saseMalacca naseNdiya. Kuneziningana ezimbalwa ezincane, ezigcwele izibazi ezinjengezindandatho zeziqu, okuyilowo nalowo okhula ngamamitha amabili noma amathathu. Ububanzi bezinsika zingamapentimitha angu-2.5-5. Amagqabha amachibi amathathu-ubude ukusuka kumunye kuya komunye nomunye amaminithi amahlanu, ngokuqondile. Amapheshana esitshalo ngobude kusuka ngamasentimitha angama-45 kuya kwangu-90, ngobubanzi kusuka ku-2,5 kuya ku-3,5 amasentimitha, ahlambalaza. I-axlary ye-Inflorescence, kuze kube yimitha ende. Izimbali zimhlophe futhi ziphunga. Isithelo singamamitha angu-2.5 ubude. Lolu hlobo lwe-areca lubonakala luhlobisa kakhulu, futhi luyalinywa ikakhulukazi emakamelweni afudumele.
- I-Areca lutescens hort. noma i-Areca yellowing. Lezi zinhlobo nazo zinamanye amagama: Dypsis lutescens H. Wendl. I-Beentje & J. Dransf.) Noma i-Dipsis i-yellowing ne-Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl. noma i-Chrysalidocarpus i-yellowing. Ikhula eMalaysia. I-Areca yellowing ine-trunk eqondile, encane, elineziqu, ngokuvamile efinyelela kumamitha angu-10 ukuphakama. Amaqabunga asitshalo angaphansi, i-arcuate ephihliwe, cishe 1-1.3 amamitha ubude. Amaqabunga aqinile kakhulu futhi afinyelele ubude bama-20-35 amasentimitha, nobubanzi bamamentimitha amathathu. Kuthathwa njengezinhlobo ezihlobisa kakhulu.
- Areca catechu L. noma Areca catechu. Elinye igama ngu-Palma betel. Ikhula ogwini lwesifundazwe saseMalacca, eMpumalanga India naseziqhingini zaseMalaysia Archipelago. Isiqu kuphela sesitshalo siqondile, sigcwele izibazi ezinyakazayo, amamitha angu-25 ubude, ngobubanzi bamamitha angu-5 kuya kwangu-12. Amaqabunga aphikisana futhi aphephe, afinyelela kumamitha angu-1.1-1.8 ubude. Amaqabunga aqinile, ama-40-45 amasentimitha ubude futhi afike kumamitha amathathu ububanzi. I-inflorescence i-axillary (okungukuthi, ivela emaceleni amaqabunga, ngokuvamile ephansi) kuya kumamentimitha angu-60 ubude. Izimbali ngokwazo zimhlophe futhi ziba nephunga elimnandi. Isithelo ubude singama-4-5 cm, ububanzi bezinhlamvu ngu-2 cm. Imbewu ye-catechus iphuzi ephuzi futhi ibizwa ngokuthi "i-betel nut". Lezi zinhlobo zezitshalo zonakalisa kakhulu.
Ukunakekela isitshalo.
I-Areca ingumuthi wesundu othanda kakhulu ukukhanya okukhanyayo futhi ubekezelele ilanga eliqondile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isitshalo sinjengokukhula kumafasitela aseningizimu. Nokho, ezinsukwini ezishisa kakhulu nezelanga, kungcono ukuphonsa emini. Lesi sitshalo sibekezelele kahle futhi sibe nomthunzi okhethekile, ngakho kufanelekile ukukhula emafasitela asenyakatho. Ukuthengwa noma ukungajwayele isitshalo selanga kumele kube kancane kancane ukujwayela ukukhanya kwelanga, ngaphandle kwalokho kungathola ukushisa kwelanga kwe-canola.
Ehlobo, kungcono ukugcina isitshalo endaweni yokushisa emoyeni ka-22-25 ° C. Esikhathini kusukela ekwindla kuze kufike entwasahlobo, izinga lokushisa kufanele lihlise kancane ku-18-23 ° C, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kuka-16 ° C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isundu sinesidingo esiphezulu somoya omusha. Nokho, gwema ama-drafts.
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ukuchelela kufanele kube luningi njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba luyoma. Amanzi okuchelela kufanele athathwe alula futhi ahlala njalo. Kusukela ekwindla, lesi sitshalo sinisela ngamanzi futhi sivimbela umhlaba ukuthi usomile. Qaphela ngokucophelela ukuthi ekwindla nasebusika akukho ukuchichima, njengoba kuyingozi kakhulu kuma-areca. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, nisela amanzi entendeni ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili ukuya kwezintathu emva kokuqothula kwenhlabathi.
I-palate ye-doe ikhetha umoya ngomswakama ophezulu, ikakhulu ehlobo. Ehlobo, godu uhlanza isitshalo ngeplastiki ngamanzi asithambile ahlala njalo. Amanzi kufanele abe sezingeni lokushisa. Ukuphalaza kufanele kukhishwe ngenkathi ebandayo.
Ukutshala isitshalo kuyadingeka unyaka wonke. Ama-Areques afaneleka kakhulu kumanyolo wamaminerali ane-concentration ejwayelekile. Ungasebenzisa umquba ophilayo. Ukondla umuthi wesundu kunesidingo kabili ngenyanga ehlobo kanye kanye ngenyanga ebusika.
I-Areca ihambelana kabi nokufakelwa isitshalo, ngakho-ke kuhle ukutshala isitshalo, ukufaka amanzi futhi ukugcwalisa umhlabathi. Izindebe ezincane ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulayo kumele zifakwe njalo ngonyaka, abadala - kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemibili. Ukuze uthole ama-specimens akhula emabhawulweni, ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi kufanele lushintshwe njalo ngonyaka ngaphandle kokushintshaniswa. Kungcono kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi elandelayo: umhlaba oqabile, umhlabathi onogwadule, umhlabathi nesihlungi esilinganiselwa ku-2: 4: 1: 1. Umuntu omdala umuthi wesundu, lapho kudingeka khona umhlaba omningi. Futhi ngaphansi kwesibindi udinga ukufaka amanzi amanzi.
Lesi sundu sesandla siveza imbewu ngesikhathi sehlobo sasehlobo. Ukuze imbewu ihlume ngokushesha nangempumelelo, kubalulekile ukuyihlwanyela enhlabathini efudumele ekushiseni kwe-23-28C.
Khumbula ukuthi i-areca - isitshalo esinobuthi, iqukethe ezinye ze-alkaloids, kuhlanganise ne-arecoline, ne-tannins. I-Areku isetshenziselwa imithi - isitshalo sisebenza njenge-anthelmintic enhle kakhulu futhi sisiza ukuqeda uhudo.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka.
- Ngenxa yokuguga ngokwemvelo, amaqabunga aphansi e-areca angase agweme futhi awele.
- Amathiphu amaqabunga omuthi wesundu angase abole ngenxa yobomvu bomoya noma uma isitshalo sigcinwe egumbini elibandayo.
- Amaqabunga e-ark angahle aphuzi - lokhu kungumphumela wokuntuleka komswakama noma ukukhanya kwelanga.
Izinambuzane ezilandelayo ziyingozi kulo mhlobo: i-mealybug, isikhumba, isicabucabu nesi-whitefly.