Nakuba amaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa kokuqala asungulwa emuva ngo-1960 e-United States, futhi amakhondomu abe indlela evamile yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, sisasebenzisa ngezikhathi ezithile izindlela zokuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela inzalo. Kungani? Kuneziningi zazo, kodwa umphumela wodwa - awujabulisi (kuzo zonke izinzwa) imiphumela yezikhathi ezimnandi zokusondelana.
Ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa okungokwenkolo (isonto alisekeli ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo zokufakelwa kokubeletha, kuphela kuvumela umuntu ukuba "aphile" ngomunye nomunye ngendlela engokwemvelo), umuntu akanakukungazibali ukungazi nokuhlazeka okuhlobene nokukhuluma nodokotela wamazinyo. Okufanelekile, umqalisi wokuvakashela okokuqala intombazane eneminyaka eyishumi nambili kuya kumama-gynecologist kufanele abe ngumama wakhe, emyisa kudokotela othembela kuye. Lokhu akusho ukuthi intombazane kusukela esemncane kufanele iqale ukuthulula amaphilisi, kodwa kufanele kancane kancane ifinyelele esimeni futhi ithole umkhuba wokuvakashela "udokotela wamantombazane." Ukuvakasha okulandelayo kudokotela, mhlawumbe, kuyokwazi ukuqala ingxoxo ngokuphathelene nokukhulelwa komzimba (umama kufanele azibuze yena - ngabe ngabe unelungelo lokukwazi lokho).
Abesifazane abasebasha namuhla banenkululeko enhle. Ngaphandle kwezidakamizwa ezaziwa emakethe yethu emashumini ambalwa eminyaka, kunezinsuku eziningi eziningana. Yini ongayikhetha?
Izazi ze-gynecologists ziphawula ukuthi uhlobo lokukhulelwa kwengculaza luncike eminyakeni yobudala, ubudlelwano bobudlelwano, inani labalingani kanye nempilo. Iqiniso lokuthi sisisebenzisa ngaleyo ndlela, hhayi enye, indlela akusho neze ukuthi izosebenza kahle. Abanye besifazane abakwazi ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngenxa yokugula, abanye ngokuyinhloko abafuni ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi. Noma kunjalo, ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo noma izingozi ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi wanamuhla.
Amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala
Lezi amaphilisi aqukethe ama-synthetic analogues amahomoni wesifazane omvelo. Imakethe yaqala ukuvela izidakamizwa ezine-estrogen yemvelo. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi amaphilisi zenza ngokuvimbela ukuvunguza. Iqanda, elingenayo i-ripened, likhishwa e-ovary futhi alikwazi ukuxhuma kulesi sifo. Amathebulethi nawo enza ushintsho embukheni wesibeletho (lukhuni futhi lukwazi ukungenakulinganiswa nesidoda). Ngakho-ke, akadluli isibindi emzimbeni wesifazane.
Amathebulethi ahlukaniswe abe yiyodwa futhi amabili-ingxenye, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi ama-hormone ayenayo. Izindlela ezimbili zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa ziqukethe i-estrogen ne-progestin. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu zesigaba se-E - zonke amaphilisi anemibala efanayo nokubunjwa. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa ngoba zinesethi esincane futhi isibalo samahomoni angathinti ikhadini impilo yowesifazane. Uhlobo lwesibili lwesigaba se-E yizinhlobo ezimbili zamathebulethi anombala ohlukile. Zonke ziqukethe inani elifanayo le-estrogen, kodwa ivolumu ye-hormone yesibili, i-progestin, ishintshiwe. Uhlobo lwesithathu lwesigaba se-E luyizinhlobo ezintathu zamathebhulethi anemibala ehlukene nokubunjwa. Zisetshenziswa, isibonelo, uma ngesinye isizathu umzimba awukwazi ukudlulisela amaphilisi ezinye izigaba.
Kubalulekile! Amathebulethi kufanele asetshenziswe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa komzimba wamazinyo. Uyanquma ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezingcono kakhulu kuwe, enikeza ulwazi mayelana nemiphumela emibi, njenge-nausea, ikhanda lokukhanda, ukuqoqwa kwamanzi nokuzuza kwesisindo. Isidakamizwa se-hormone esikhethwe kahle akumele senze lezi zimpawu, noma, mhlawumbe, ziholele emiphumeleni eyingozi kakhulu.
Izindlela zokwelapha zokubeletha ziyasebenza uma uzidla njalo. Phakathi kwabesifazane, iphutha elifanayo livamile (ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kokuthatha izidakamizwa) - ukhohlwa mayelana nephilisi elilandelayo. Uma sikhumbula lokhu kungakapheli amahora angu-12, sizovikeleka nakakhulu ukukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, uma isikhathi esiningi sidlula, kufanele usebenzise njalo izindlela ezengeziwe zokwelapha, njengekondomu. Isenzo semithi singanciphisa futhi uhudo nokuhlanza. Amanye ala ma-hormone angase angakwazi ukugonywa yizicubu bese efaka igazi.
Amathebulethi athathwe ohlelweni lwama-21 kuya ku-7, okusho ukuthi amasonto amathathu okuqala uthatha ama-hormone, bese kukhona ukuphumula masonto onke lapho kwenzeka ukuya esikhathini. Khona-ke kufanele uqale ukuthola i-batch entsha. Amanye amaphilisi aqukethe kuphela i-progestin. Ziyindlela enhle yabesifazane abayala kakhulu kulokho konke. Kufanele bathathe izindlela zokwelapha ze-hormonal nsuku zonke izinsuku ezingu-28 ngesikhathi esifanayo. Iphutha elivunyelwe, njengomthetho, alikho ngaphezu kwamahora angu-1-2. Nakuba kwakukhona labo abakhohlwa ukuthatha isidakamizwa ngaphambi kwehora leshumi nambili. Ukulibaziseka okukhulu kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwalendlela. Lawa maphilisi ayindlela enhle yabesifazane ababhema, abanesifo sokufa kwesisu, i-migraine kanye nabesifazane abangakwazi ukuthatha amaphilisi aqukethe i-estrogen. Yona kuphela indlela yokwelapha ye-hormonal engasetshenziswa ngamama abahlengikazi (okungafani nenkolelo evamile yokuthi ukubeletha yedwa kuvimbela ukukhulelwa okunye). Lezi zinyathelo azithinti i-mono-production, ukwakheka ubisi nokuthuthukiswa kwengane.
Okusha! Muva nje, amaphilisi amabili okumbumbulu wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhona zivele-okuthiwa yi-24 + 4. Zithathwe zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-28, kodwa kuphela 24 zazo eziqukethe ama-hormone, futhi ezinsukwini ezine ezilandelayo usuke uthola umphumela we-placebo. Kungani? Awudingi ukukhumbula njalo lapho uqala khona iphakheji entsha. Kufanele iqale ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthi iphakethe langaphambilini seliqedile. Imodeli engu-24 + 4 yenzelwe ukunciphisa ukushintsha kwama-hormone ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, okungahambisana nemigomo engu-21 + 7. Ngenxa yezidakamizwa ezisetshenzisiwe, kufanele ube nemiphumela emibi embalwa.
Khumbula! Ukwelashwa kwe-hormonal kungabangela imiphumela elandelayo kwabesifazane:
- Ukuvuvukala kwamagciwane kanye nengozi ekhulayo yezifo ezithathelwana nge-bacterial and fungal;
- Amakhanda;
- Ingozi eyengeziwe yezifo ze-thrombotic, isifo sohlangothi nesifo senhliziyo, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abane-hypertension, ukubhema ngesikhathi esifanayo (lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngemva kweminyaka engu-35).
Izindwangu zokubeletha
Ukufakwa kwezicubu, kulokhu, yenza imisebenzi kuthebhulethi efanayo. Iqukethe ama-hormone ukuthi, ngenxa yemiklamo yawo eyingqayizivele, engena esikhunjeni emzimbeni. Banikeza inkululeko eyengeziwe, ngoba awudingi ukuyikhumbula nsuku zonke. Kwanele ukuzinamathisela kanye kuphela ngesonto.
Lezi zindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa zingagqokwa: emadodeni, esiswini, emzimbeni omkhulu noma ezingeni eliphezulu. Awukwazi ukunamathisela i-band-aid esifubeni sakho! Ungakhetha indawo entsha njalo ngesonto, kodwa uma unquma, i-patch kufanele ihlale lapho izinsuku ezingu-7. Kunemithetho ethile yokugqoka isiqephu sokukhulelwa:
Ungayisebenzisi esikhumba esibomvu, esicasuliwe, esinesibopho noma esilimele;
Sebenzisa njalo isiqeshana esisodwa kuphela, okufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sisuswe ngaphambi kokuthi uhlanganise entsha;
Ama-Adhesives angagqoka amaviki amathathu, bese kuthi isikhathi sezinsuku eziyisikhombisa silandela ngaphandle kokuthi "izitika". Khona-ke ukuya esikhathini kwenzeka. Ama-plasters awahlukunyezwa ngamanzi, ungakhula nawo, uhlanganyele kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezemidlalo. Ukusebenza nokuphikisana nale ndlela yokuvimbela ukubeletha kufana nokusebenzisa amaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa. Ama-bandages amnandi kwabesifazane abaphethwe yisifo sesibindi. Ama-Hormone empeleni angadlula uhlelo lokugaya, olubalulekile.
Kukhona ezinye izinselele kule ndlela. Ama-plasters awacatshangelwa abesifazane besisindo esingaphezu kuka-90 kg, ngoba amafutha amaningi kakhulu, okubi kakhulu kudlula kuwo ama-hormone. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwabonisa ukuthi, ngenxa yamathrekhi, ama-hormone amaningi angena emzimbeni wesifazane kunesikhathi sokugwinya kwamaphilisi ngamaphesenti angama-60%!
Indandatho yama-hormonal yangaphakathi
I-ring ngokuphelele ye-hormonal - uhlobo lokuqala lokukhulelwa kwesisu. Ibukeka njenge-soft, transparent, isongo abicah. Kufanele ihambisane neminwe yakho futhi ifakwe ngaphakathi kwesifazane. Inzuzo yale ndlela yukuthi kufanele uyifake kanye - futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana nokukhulelwa kwezinyanga ezintathu. Ngemva kwamasonto amathathu, lona wesifazane ususa indandatho futhi ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa ezilandelayo, kuphuma igazi elilandelayo. Indandatho ayizwa neze ngaphakathi kwesifazane. Kukhona futhi ukukhathazeka ukuthi liwela ngaphandle. Ungakhathazeki! Yenzelwe ukuthi ihlale ngisho nangesikhathi sokuzivocavoca umzimba okujulile noma echibini. Futhi uma iphuma, ingahlanzwa ngamanzi futhi ifakwe futhi. Indandatho akufanele ihlale ngaphandle komzimba isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora amathathu. Akuzizwa futhi ngesikhathi sokulala ngokocansi.
Ama-Hormone aqukethe kuwo asebenza njengamaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa, kodwa ayasebenza, njengoba adlula umgudu wokugaya. Angasetshenziselwa abesifazane besisindo esingaphezu kuka 90 kg. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-estrogen esebenzayo kunomthelela omuhle ekubunjweni kwemifino ye-bacterial ye-vaginal - izifo ezithinta izifo ezingavamile. Kunezinkinga - kunzima ukukuthola kuma-pharmacy. Kumele futhi sibhale usuku lokusungulwa kwendandatho, ngoba ngemva kwamasonto amathathu kulula ukukhohlwa ukuthi ingaphakathi.
I-intrauterine idivayisi
Njengamanje, lezi zindlela zokuvimbela ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa zihlangabezana nokuvuselelwa emhlabeni wonke, njengoba kulungile futhi kuphumelela kakhulu. Imimoya ivame ukwenza nge-plastic, ithusi kanye ne-polyethylene, ngezinye izikhathi ngokufaka isiliva. Zingaqukatha futhi i-reservoir yamahomoni. Zisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo (isibonelo, ithusi lapho lenziwe khona liyanciphisa umuthi wezinsizane, ukuze bangenayo ithuba lokuphuma emathangeni we-fallopian futhi bacebe iqanda), noma ezingeni le-hormone - ngendlela efana namathebulethi kodwa kuphela abekwe endaweni isisu. Kungcono ukujova ukuvuthwa ngosuku lokugcina lokuphuma esikhathini. Ifakwa ngaphakathi kwesibeletho ngokusebenzisa umfakisicelo. Lapho i-spiral isivele isendaweni, ithatha isimo nesimo esifanele.
Imimoya itholakale ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, kodwa ingenziwa kuphela yi-gynecologist. Abaningi babo banesiqiniseko somsebenzi iminyaka emihlanu. Sinokusebenza kahle kakhulu. Yiziphi izinkinga? Lena akuyona indlela enhle yabesifazane abangakazalwa. Kanti futhi ukuphuma esikhathini esikhathini eside kungase kube yinkinga, okungangandisa ingozi yezifo zocansi.
Izijovo ze-hormonal kanye nezimila
Izisu zokuvimbela ukulimala sezivele zisezimakethe zomhlaba. Kukhona uhlobo lomuthi, olwethulwa kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu. Izaziso - amajova kanye ngenyanga. Kufana namathebulethi. Ukunciphisa isikhathi somjovo ngenyanga kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo futhi kuthuthukise ukulawula komjikelezo wesimiso.
Futhi, izimpembelelo ezingaphansi kwegazi zithandwa. Ezweni labo kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela - eyodwa isebenza cishe iminyaka emithathu, eyesibili neminyaka emihlanu. Ukulula kwalendlela kubonakala - ubude besenzo. Kungenzeka ukuthatha izindlela zokuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukubeletha, kodwa lokhu kungenziwa kuphela ngabasebenzi bezokwelapha abaqeqeshiwe. Abanye besifazane nabo babhekana nezinkinga ezinjalo njengesikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuya esikhathini. Abawamukeli ngaso sonke isikhathi lokhu ngoba ukubonakala kwabo kusabonakala kuhlotshaniswa nempilo nobufazi. Izimila azibuhlungu futhi azibonakali. Ikhono lokukhulelwa libuyiselwa ngemuva kokuthi lisuswe.
Amakhondomu
Amakhondomu namanje ayindlela ethandwa kakhulu yokukhulelwa, ekhuthazwa abantu abasha. Kodwa akulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa kahle. Abantu abasha bavame ukwenza amaphutha angabangela ukudiliza noma ukuchithwa kwekhondomu kusuka epeni.
Ikhondomu ivikela ukukhulelwa okungafuneki, kodwa futhi inenye inzuzo ebalulekile - ivikela nge-HIV, syphilis kanye ne-gonorrhea kakhulu.
Ukunakwa sicela! Izindlela ezifana ne-petroleum jelly, amafutha omnqumo noma ama-cosmetic creams angabhubhisa i-latex, lapho ikhondomu isenziwa khona. Ukuze uhambise ikhondomu, ungasebenzisa imikhiqizo kuphela ehlotshaniswa namanzi, hhayi ngamafutha (amakhemikhali ayatholakala kuma-pharmacy).
Amakhondomu athengwa kakhulu ekhemisi. Khona-ke siqinisekile ukuthi umkhiqizo unomgangatho omuhle. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, hlola usuku lomkhiqizo nokuthi ngabe imaphaketheni ihambile futhi engonakali. Amakhondomu kufanele agcinwe endaweni eyomile, emnyama endaweni yokushisa ejwayelekile, ephansi.