Kubonakala sengathi ekusebenziseni izindlela zomlobi zokuthuthukiswa kwentsha kwezingane akukho lutho olwesabekayo - inzuzo eqhubekayo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni imvelo. Kodwa-ke, i-psychotherapist yezingane eminyakeni embalwa edlule ilandele imibono ehlukile, yekhadi elihlukile. Noma kunjalo - ngoba kubo ekwamukelwa baqala ukuza izingane ezincane kakhulu, ezingatholakali kuzo zonke izinkinga ezingqondweni zezingane. Futhi odokotela bavumelana ngokuqondile ngalezi zindlela ezenzelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsana zakuqala. Kodwa ubuchopho bezingane abukwazi njalo ukuhambisana nokwaziswa kolwazi abamaMama abazama ukubeka enhloko yengane ekhulayo. Abazali abasha balele futhi babone ukuthi ingane yabo isalele kanjani emkhunjini kuyomangaza wonke umuntu ngokukwazi kwabo ukubala abayishumi futhi bafunde ngamagama angama-syllables - kodwa ingabe lawa makghono afanele athuthuke, futhi emva kwesikhathi kancane, enezinkinga ezingokwengqondo?
Ngokuvamile isifo "sokuthuthukiswa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi" sigula abesifazane abahlala emadolobheni amakhulu - emva kwakho konke, kukhona ukufinyelela okwengeziwe kolwazi namathuba amaningi. Ngaki kaningi umama, ehamba nomntwana epaki, uphoqeleka ukuba alalele abazali abaqhoshayo bethi izingane zabo eminyakeni emithathu zivele zikwazi ukudlula ngokufanele futhi zifunde ngokucacile futhi zikwazi ngisho ne-akhawunti elula. Khona-ke siqala ukuzizwa singento engeyona into - emva kwakho konke, asikwazanga ukufundisa ingane yethu ukufunda nokubhala, ayizange isebenzise amathuba okunikezwa yizincwadi nezinye izinsiza. Lapho sibuyele ekhaya, sisebenzisa ngokukhululekile zonke izindlela zokuthuthukiswa kwentuthuko kusukela ku-intanethi, sifunde izibuyekezo zabamama abajabulayo - futhi siqale ukwethula izinsisekelo zezinhlelo ezimpilweni zezingane zabo. Yiqiniso, ngoba asifuni i-Vitenka emnyango olandelayo ukuba abe umfundi ohle kakhulu esikoleni, futhi chashushko yethu inhle.
Kodwa-ke, igama eliziqhenya elithi "ukuthuthukiswa" kulokhu akuyona efanele ngokuphelele. Uzama nje ukuqala ukuthonya ukwakheka komuntu wengane kusukela esemncane: ngokomzimba, engqondweni nangempela, engqondweni. Futhi zonke okuthiwa "izikole", lapho ziqhuba khona ukuthuthukiswa kwasekuqaleni, azihlangene nalokhu okulandelayo - ngokuvamile zizama nje ukufaka izingane ngolwazi ukuthi kufanele zifunde emabangeni okuqala esikoleni. Kodwa lokhu akuhlangene nokuthuthukiswa, ngoba, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane ezivinjelwe ekugubheni amakhanda abo ngolwazi olusha. Kodwa abazali abaziqondi lokhu - baqonda kuphela ukuthi uma bedlula ukuhlolwa kokungena esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme, yizingane zabo ezothola ithuba elifisa ukugcwalisa izabelo futhi zijoyine ngempumelelo izigaba zabafundi.
Ukuqhaqha kwezikole ezihlabelela izindlela zomlobi zokuthuthukiswa kwentsha kwezingane ziwela phakathi nekhulu leminyaka lama-20, lapho othisha bezinsizakalo zezikhungo zasenkulisa bemezela ngokuvumelana ukuthi emva kweminyaka emithathu sekusele kakhulu ukuqala ukuthuthukisa ingane. Ama-Mummies athatha amakhanda awo futhi agijimela ukwenza isikhathi esilahlekile kanye namavoti aphendukela kubalobi kanye nabathuthukisi bamasu ukuze basize. Akumangalisi ukuthi babethenjiswa ukuthi le kid lizoba yintengiselwano, ingane engumntwana. Lapha futhi "babe" abazali abasha ngezinkulumo ezizwakalayo futhi ezithembisayo. Ngokujwayelekile "ezikoleni" izindlela eziningana zazisetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukhetha okuthile okuyinhloko, okuyisisekelo. Phakathi kwamasu omlobi oyithandayo kwakuyizinhlelo zikaNicitin noMontessori, uTyulenev noZaitsev. Kodwa ingabe lokhu kuyindlela efanele?
Kulesi sihloko sizozama ukukunika umbono wokuthi yiziphi izindlela zomdabu ezidumile kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kwangaphambili, yiziphi izinzuzo zabo kanye nokuziqhenya kwazo futhi ziyini?
UNkk Montessori, owendabuko waseFrance, wanikela impilo yakhe yonke ekuvuseleleni nasekufundiseni izingane ezineziphene ezingqondweni. Waba ngumlobi wezinqubo, isisombululo sokusebenzisa okwakhiwa ngokukhethekile okuvela emakhadibhodi, ama-cubes kanye namakhadi okwakhiwa kwamakhono emoto amancane amapenki ezingane. Lokhu bekulokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ukuphela kwezidakamizwa, okubekwe eceleni kakhulu komunwe, kungakhuthaza isikhungo senkulumo yobuchopho. Ngenxa yezifundo ngendlela kaMaria Montessori, abantwana abaneziphambeko ngokushesha bafunda ukukhuluma ngisho nokufunda nokubhala-ukuthi kwenzekani lokhu konke okusheshayo kunezontanga ezinempilo. Emva kwalokhu kuveza imiphumela enhle kakhulu, uMontessori wanquma ukungenisa ekuthuthukiseni izingane ezincane, ezinempilo ezincane. Kuze kube manje, kunezikole eziningi ezisebenza ngendlela yaseMontessori - futhi zifundisa izingane eziningi zonyaka wonke namazinga ahlukene alwazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantwana asebekhulile, abanolwazi banzima ukusiza abangani babo abancane kulokho abaye bazifundela khona isikhathi eside. Imisebenzi elula ngokukhupha kanye nezingane ezengeziwe ziqonda ukubonga ... ubuhlalu obunemibala, eboshwe ngentambo encane ehlelweni oluthile. Kodwa ungafunda ukuthi ufunde kanjani usebenzisa uhlelo lukaMontessori, usebenzisa amakhadi akhethekile.
Noma kunjalo, le nqubo inebaphikisi bayo. Isibonelo, i-laboratory ye-psychology laboratory yezingane zasenkulisa okuthiwa u-Elena Smirnova, umbono wendlela yeMontessori yayingalungile. Uphika ukuthi ngezifundo ezinjalo, othisha bayakhohlwa ngokuphelele ukubaluleka kokuxhumana kwenkulumo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenganekwane yezingane. Phela, ngezifundo ezinjalo ingane ingakwazi ukukhombisa imizwelo nemizwa yakhe, ukucabanga - akanayo isikhathi sokuba zonke izibalo nezibalo. Kodwa uma umnciphisa ingane engxenyeni engokomzwelo yokuxhumana - lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu, njengokukhathazeka kwengqondo.
Le nqubo emibuthanweni emikhulu inegama layo - umqondo wokuqedwa okungapheli kwamathuba okuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kwamakhono - noma okufingqiwe "NUVERS". Okubalulekile komqondo wukuthi abantwana bangakwazi ukuthuthuka kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu - futhi uma abazali beze bafaka ulwazi oluncane kakhulu nokuzikhandla emntwaneni, esikhathini esizayo ngeke besaba. Ekuthuthukiseni ubuntu bomntwana kuyokwazi ukubeka isiphambano samafutha. Lokhu kuyinhloko ye-Nikitin theory.
U-Nikitina waqala ukusebenza kwakhe nabantwana bakhe. Ukuze baqhube amakilasi, bakhetha zonke izinhlobo ze cubes kanye nama-plates, imisebenzi yokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo yezingane. Nokho, lokhu akuphelelanga, ngoba isihluthulelo sokuthuthukiswa kwe-Nikitins ukuthuthukiswa komzimba. Isidumbu somntwana akufanele sikhathele izingubo (akukho lutho olungenakuqhathaniswa!), Ekudleni kwengane kufanele kulawulwe ukudla okuphansi kwekhalori - khona-ke kuyoba lula ngaye ukuxazulula yonke imisebenzi ayinikezwe yona.
Kodwa lesi simiso, uma siqala kuqala sivumelanisa, sinezinto eziyingozi kakhulu - ama-nikitini abhakwa ngokuthuthukiswa komntwana futhi akhulise izinkomba zakhe zomqondo, noma kunjalo, uhlangothi lwangokomzwelo empilweni yakhe, njengendlela yangaphambilini, luhlala luba nzima kakhulu, okungaholela imiphumela engalinganiselwe.
Kodwa into ethakazelisayo kakhulu enye. Isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa, izikhungo ezihlukahlukene zentuthuko yokuqala ziye zazama ukunquma: yini okuyisisekelo, yikuphi okuphawulekayo kwale nqubo, lapho i-Nikitins ikhula khona ngamandla? Noma kunjalo, zonke izicelo zokucaciswa umbhangqwana oshadile zinqatshelwe ngezizathu ezingaziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nezingane zikaNicitins azifuni ukungena emininingwaneni mayelana nendlela yokuthuthukiswa abazali abayinikezayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho - akekho owenzalo yamaNikitini owazama le ndlela ezinganeni zabo. Mhlawumbe lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi ngenxa yokulandela indlela, izingane ekugcineni zingabi yizici zokuthi othisha bakhulume ngani. Abantu bafundiswa, kodwa abanakho izinkanyezi ezanele ezivela esibhakabhakeni - kuwufanelekile ukudalula ingane ekuphishekeleni okunjalo okukhulu futhi okukhulu ngenxa yomgomo onjalo ongaqondakali *
Bonke omama kungenzeka bezwa ngalokho okuthiwa yi "Zaytsev cubes" kanye nemikhiqizo yabo yemilingo. Uthisha waseSt. Petersburg usethuthukise indlela yakhe yokufundisa izingane ukuba zifunde ezipikili zakuqala. Izinto ezintsha ziseqiniso lokuthi i-Zaitsev ibhekwa njengeyunithi eyinhloko yokwakhiwa kolwimi hhayi nge-syllable, njengoba kwakuvame ukucatshangwa, kodwa ku-garaji. Iyini indawo yokugcina impahla? Kungaba yinhlanganisela yesimemezelo sokuma ne-consonant, noma i-consonant - ngesibonakaliso esithambile noma esinzima, noma nje kuphela incwadi eyodwa.
Lezi ziphepho Zaytsev zibeke ebusweni bama cubes, ngosizo lomntwana aqala ukufunda amagama akhe okuqala futhi afunde. Wonke ama-cubes ahluke ngokuphelele, kokubili umbala nokugcwalisa. Ngakho-ke, uma i-cube "ichaza" umsindo omile, igcwele izinti ezincane zezinkuni. Kodwa ama-cubes "okukhala" agcwele izinhlamvu zensimbi zesayizi encane - ukukhala ngokuzwakalayo. Uma kunezinsimbi noma amabellane ku-nutria ye-cube, izingqikithi zalo zibhalwe ngezwi lomsindo. Ukuhlukaniswa okunjalo kusiza ingane ukuthi ifunde ukuhlukanisa isilawuli esivela ku-consonant ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kanye nomsindo ozwakalayo osisithulu.
Uma ingane yakho ineminyaka emithathu noma emine ubudala, ungamjwayela ngamabhubhu Zaitsev - azosiza ingane ukuba ifunde ukufunda ngokoqobo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala. Ngaphambili, akukho mqondo ozoqala - emva kwakho konke, nakuba ingane ikhumbula kalula umsindo wezandi futhi iyakwazi ukuhlukanisa, kusenakuqondakala kuye ukuthi lezi zintetho zingakwazi ukuhlangana ngamazwi, ngakho akakwazi ukufunda. Ama-cubes kaZaytsev angasiza ingane ukuba ifunde yonke indawo yokugcina impahla, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe? Ngemuva kwalokho, efika esikoleni, uzobe eseqinile kakhulu. Uzophinde afundiswe ubuciko bokufunda okusha - futhi akulula kakhulu.
V. Tyulenev kanye nendlela yakhe
Futhi kuyamangalisa kakhulu nge-transience yayo nemiphumela ukuthi indlela ehlongozwayo yokwethulwa ekudalweni kwezingane kothisha uViktor Tyulenev. Ucwaningo lwakhe olwenziwe ezinganeni zakhe, okumele luhloniphe abomama - ngoba izingane zabo azenzi okubi. Ngakho-ke, le nqubo ibaluleke ngempela.
Indlela kaTyulenev yukuthi abazali besencane kufanele banakekele ingane ukuba ihlotshwe yizo zonke izinhlobo zamakhadi, amatafula, ama-portraits of geniuses of humanity - bathi, ngaleyo ndlela izingane zibonakala zikhulela esimweni sesimo sezesayensi zesayensi.
Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwezingane ezivela kuViktor Tyulenev kuletha imiphumela. Izingane kakade ngonyaka zifunda ukufunda, futhi inkumbulo yabo ikhula kakhulu kangangokuba ngomnyaka wesibili wokuphila bangasho ngenhliziyo izinkondlo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Ngenxa yalokho, abazali baqala ukufihla ama-geek abo emehlweni omakhelwane futhi bacabange ukuthi bazoyithatha kuphi i-lyceum ehloniphekile, ngoba ingqondo yabo encane ayifuni ukufunda esikoleni esilula.
Kodwa-ke, maduzane abazali bazobona "uphawu" lokuthi le ndlela ishiye ingane yabo. Phela, imithwalo enjalo ayikwazi ukudlula ize. Ingane iqala ukukhala ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukuba igcinwe, ibe yinto engenangqondo futhi eyingozi, futhi kuba nzima kakhulu kumama ukuthola isizathu sangempela salokhu kwesaba.
Izazi zengqondo zithi ngokwezinga elithile isifiso sabazali sokufundisa masinyane amakhono omntwana "omdala" sichazwe ukuthi abantu abadala abafuni nje ukudlala ebuntwaneni, bebeka isidlo esincane noma bahlela ingane yaseshashalazini. Kungcono kakhulu ukuba bafunde le ncwadi ngesikhathi sokuzilibazisa. Ngenxa yalokho, izingane zabo ngokwazo zihlupheka ngalokhu "ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala".
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe bathi akukho lutho olungalungile ngokuqala ukufunda ukufunda hhayi eminyakeni emithathu, kodwa emihlanu - akuyona into eyingozi kakhulu kwengqondo yengane ebuthakathaka. Yebo, futhi akucaci ukuthi kungani "Ladushki", "Soroki-Ravens", inganekwane mayelana mitten and Kolobok abazange bajabulele abazali banamuhla kuze kube manje? Ingabe isifiso sokuthi sihambisane nezikhathi ezifanelekile zokuhlekwa kwezingane?