Ngokwezibalo, abantu abangu-70% emhlabeni wonke banesandulela nge-parasites ehlukahlukene. Kulabo abaphethwe yizilwane ezifuywayo - cishe ingxenye. Futhi lokhu kuphela idatha esemthethweni. Akudingeki ukuthi, amacala "angabalulekile" okutheleleka kaningi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kunalokho, izintandokazi zezilwane zivuza abanikazi bazo nge-tapeworm. Esikhathini sesibili - isifo se-parasitic echinococcosis.
Kusho ukuthini ukutheleleka nge-echinococcus?
I-echinococcosis yi-parasitism, emzimbeni womuntu inqunywe ukungena nokuthuthukiswa ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zezimpungushe ze-tapeworm yenja. I-human and some bibivores yizimpikiswano eziphakathi nendawo zokugcina zalesi sifo esiwela emzimbeni wethu kusukela enkulweni.
I-tapeworm - i-ribbon-like worm kuphela ngamamitha ambalwa amade ubude, iqukethe izingxenye ezingu-3-4, ngasinye esineziqanda ezingu-400 kuya ku-800 ezinezibungu. Emva kokuvuthwa kwabo, basuka emzimbeni wenja kanye nesikhumba sayo, ngaleyo ndlela bahlambalaza imvelo (inhlabathi, izithelo nemifino, ngisho nezinto ezihambayo). Lawa maqanda azinzile futhi ahlala emvelweni, futhi imvula noma ukushisa okuphakeme noma okuphansi kungaholela ekufeni kwabo. Lapho besatshalaliswa, indima enkulu idlalwe yizimpukane eziwela kuzo ukudla, umzimba kanye nasesihlabathini lapho izingane zidlala khona. Ungabamba, ngisho nje ukuphumula emvelweni, uma izimpukane zihamba nxazonke.
Umuntu usulele kanjani?
Umuntu angenwa yi-izithelo nemifino, amaqanda ayo, kepha futhi nokuxhumana okuqondile noma okungaqondile nesilwane esithathelelekile (caresses, touches, kisses). Amaqanda omlomo, ngokuvamile angabonakali isohlo, aphenduke izibungu emathunjini, ngaleyo ndlela abe nekhono lokungena emithanjeni yegazi, futhi esuka lapho ngegazi ukuze afinyelele isibindi, amaphaphu nezinye izitho. Lezi zimpungushe zikhula ngokushesha, ziba imbangela yokuthuthukiswa kwama-cysts echinococcal, abonakala ngokubonakala kwampawu zangaphandle. Lezi zinhlayiya zikhula kakhulu esibindi (amacala angama-75%), amaphaphu (20%), kancane kancane ezintsheni, emasipha, ngesiphele nezinye izitho zangaphakathi.
Yiziphi izicabangela ezithinta kakhulu ukutheleleka?
Ngokuvamile lezi ziyizinja eziphazamisayo ezondla ukudla okungahlambulukile nokungcolile. Inja esikhathini esizayo ingaba umthombo osebenzayo wokutheleleka iminyaka engu-2-3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo kuyo kuyoba yinkinga futhi ingabi nengozi kakhulu kuye. Kodwa abanye bayoba nzima kanzima.
Ziyini izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-echinococcosis?
Ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu zokuqala azibalulekile futhi ezingabonakali. Ama-cyst angatholakala ngokungekho engozini, isibonelo. Uma udlulisa i-fluorography noma i-ray ray. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zixhomeke ekuzileni kwendawo ye-cysts yomzimba. Lapho ama-cysts enkulu kakhulu futhi emaphashini, kukhona ukukhwehlela, ukubopha okufubeni esifubeni nasesifunda sesibindi. Ngaphandle, izimpawu zifana ne-pneumonia noma i-bronchitis. I-echinococcosis esibindi ibonakala njengesibonakaliso se-tumor esanda kancane, ngakho ukushintsha usayizi nokuma kwesibindi kungabangela umuzwa wokucindezeleka nokucindezelwa ku-hypochondrium engezansi ephansi. Kule nkinga izinkinga zingabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-jaundice.
Ingabe abantu abathintekayo banengozi kwabanye abantu?
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abanikazi bezinja abaphethwe ama-echinococcus parasites abangeke basongele abantu, njengoba ukutheleleka kungenakutheleleka kubantu ngabanye. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu kumnikazi kuphela, ngoba i-echinococcosis isifo esibi kakhulu, ukuqedwa okuyinto enzima kakhulu, ngoba imbungu ibeka amaqanda ezinhlobonhlobo ezizungezile. Ukwelashwa okwesikhashana, njengomthetho, kwenziwa ngokususa ingxenye yelungu, ngaphakathi kulokho okugxilwe khona yizimbungulu. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi lokhu akunikezi ukwelashwa okuphelele, ngoba uma okungenani i-larva eyodwa ihlala emuntwini - izidumbu zingakwazi ukuzala futhi.
Iziphi izinyathelo esingayithatha?
Into yokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlanzeka komuntu siqu nokuhlanza kahle imifino nezithelo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Emva kokuxhumana nenja, kufanele ugeze ngokushesha izandla zakho, futhi lokhu udinga ukufundisa izingane zakho. Inja akufanele idle inyama eluhlaza kusuka emthonjeni ongathandabuzeki - ingatheleleka nge-tapeworm. Isondlo esakhelwe ngokukhethekile izilwane ezifuywayo asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha. Inja yakho isengenwe igciwane, kodwa isengcono ukudla kunokwesabekayo.
Kudingekile ukuqhubela inja ngokwemigomo, ukuyiveza njalo ku-veterinarian, futhi kuvimbele i-fleas ukuba ingeneli kuyo. Yiziphepho eziyaziwayo ukuthi zithwale izifo ezibi kakhulu ezingaba yingozi kubantu. Nge-hypersensitivity, umuntu angathuthukisa amabhulashi noma ukuqhuma kwamaphepha, okuhambisana nokushaya okukhulu nokuphendula okujwayelekile - ukushaywa umoya, ukwesaba ngisho nokulala. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi cishe zonke izinja ezihlala ezindlini, okungenani kanye empilweni yazo, zaziphethe izithuthuthu, ngezinye izikhathi ezingabonakali kubantu futhi zikhonjiswe kuphela yizinja zezinja (ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi).
Amakati - abathwali be-toxoplasmosis
Ngenxa yokuthi amakati yizilwane ezihlanzekile kakhulu, abaningi babo banquma ukushiya izivivinyo zokuvikela izilwane. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-90% asekhaya asekhaya awazange avakashele udokotela wezilwane. Kodwa amakati angabuye abe abathwali bezifo ezibi kakhulu ezingasongela impilo yabantu. Esinye sezifo ezinjengezifo ezinzima kakhulu yi-toxoplasmosis. Isifo esenzeka ngokungaqondakali futhi sithola ngobumnene ekuqaleni kwesigaba, okuyingozi kakhulu emva kwalokho. Ingozi ebaluleke kakhulu kubesifazane abakhulelwe. Phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa umntwana esibelethweni somama one-toxoplasmosis angaqala ukuthuthukisa ngokungalungile noma ngisho nokufa. Ngcono kakhulu, ingane izalwa ne-toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa.
Inkinga ukuthi izifo zalesi sifo zincane kakhulu ngobukhulu. Ukungena ngaphakathi kwamaseli, benza ama-cysts aqukethe ama-parasites amaningi. Amakati angumthombo oyinhloko, ukuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo kokutheleleka, ngakho bangakwazi ukuthelela abantu nezinye izilwane ngokusebenzisa indle yabo yokuphila. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukudla amakati aluhlaza noma inyama ephekiwe kakhulu kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka. E-United States, isibonelo, abantu abangu-22.5% abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-12 no-15% wabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala yokubeletha banesifo sengculazi.
Umonakalo ovela kuma-parasites, osetshenziswa emzimbeni womuntu, uthinta izitho eziningi, kepha ngokuvamile uvame ubuchopho nodonga lwangaphakathi lweso. I-toxoplasmosis ebangelwa yi-congenital idala ukuvuvukala kwe-neonatal ebuchosheni kanye nasekuseni, e-fever, ne-spleen nesibindi, ukuphuphuthekisa, i-jaundice nezinye izimpawu eziningi ezinzima. Zitholakala ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ekuthuthukiseni ingane.
I-toxoplasmosis etholakalayo ezimweni eziningi kwenzeka ngokungaqondakali, kodwa okungajwayelekile ukuthi kune-fever, ubuhlungu besisu, ukwanda kwama-lymph nodes, myocarditis, njll.
Khumbula: ukuba abangane abangathembekile bezilwane zethu ezifuywayo okuningi akudingekile - kubalulekile kuphela ukuhambisana namazinga aphezulu okuhlanzekile futhi ungaphuthelwa ukuvakashelwa njalo kumhlengikazi wezilwane. Futhi ungacabangi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokuthi iziphi izibungu ongayithola - ikati noma inja kufanele ibe indoda ngenjabulo. Ngabo udinga ukuxhumana, udinga ukubathanda, yenza lokhu ngokuhlakanipha futhi ngaphandle kokugqamile.