Isebenza kanjani
Ukucwaninga emkhakheni wephunga eminyakeni eyisithupha edlule wanikezwa umklomelo weNobel. Yabiwe amaMelika uRichard Axel noLinda Buck, abaqaphela ukuthi ubuchopho bomuntu buyabona kanjani ukuthi buhogela. Esikhathini esidlule, kwaziwa kuphela ukuthi babanjwa ngamaseli athile abonakalayo anika isignali engxenyeni ekhethekile yobuchopho okuthiwa i-bulf olfactory. Kwavela ukuthi izakhi zofuzo ezikhethekile zithweswe ukwakheka kwama-receptors olfactory - sinokuthi cishe inkulungwane, okuyi-3% yenani eliphelele. Ama-receptors ama-olfactory axhunyiwe nawo ayingxenye engenhla yesigxobo somzimba futhi athatha indawo cishe nge-ruble lwemali. Yilabo abathola ama-molecule anomnandi ama-odorants - izinto ezikhiqiza iphunga. I-receptor ngayinye iklanyelwe ukubona futhi isithumele isignali esikhungweni esicacile sebuchopho ngamaphunga ambalwa kuphela. Ngenxa yenyunyana yezakhi zofuzo kanye nama-receptor olfactory, kuhlanganiswa izinhlanganisela ezingaba yizinkulungwane eziyishumi - njengamakha amaningi amaningi akwazi ukubona ubuchopho bomuntu. Kodwa ingabe sidinga ikhono lokuhlukanisa iphunga eliningi kangaka, sicabange ukuthi akuzona zonke ezimnandi? Kuvela, kubalulekile, futhi kanjani!
Kungani udinga
Ngesikhathi sokubanda, kubonakala sengathi konke ukudla akusizi ngalutho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inzwa yokunambitheka isondelene kakhulu neziteshi ezifakiwe. Ngempumu enamandla egijimayo, ukunambitha ukunambitheka kuyagcoba. Umqondo wephunga usinika ithuba lokuzwa ukunambitheka kokudla, futhi ngcono ngcono, ukudla okumnandi ngokwengeziwe. Futhi siyazibuza ukuthi amakati nezinja zingadla kanjani ukudla okufanayo nsuku zonke futhi hhayi isikhalazo. Mhlawumbe, banamandla kakhulu kunabo, ngephunga elithuthukile futhi elula "i-Whiskas" ivuleka nsuku zonke ngezingqinamba ezintsha zokunambitha? Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile wephunga ukubonisa. Uma iphunga liqukethe ulwazi mayelana nengozi engaba khona, ubuchopho ngokushesha buhlinzeka umyalelo esikhungweni sokuphefumula, futhi okwesikhashana ukhululeka. Abantu, ngeshwa, abanaso isikhathi sokuzwa lesi siginali sobuchopho futhi, bebambe umoya wabo, basuse izinyawo zabo endaweni eyingozi. I-case of mass poisoning in the metro iyaziwa, lapho kutholakala igesi elinobuthi iphunga lokutshala utshani. Abagibeli abaqaphele kuphela abaye bakwazi ukuthola ukuthi iphunga elinjalo alikho indawo engayithatha esitimeleni, futhi livikelwe uhlelo lokuphefumula. Bonke abanye babekhokhwa ngobuthi obubi. I-gas yemethane yemvelo esetshenziselwa abapheki begesi ayiphunga nhlobo, futhi iphunga elimnandi linikezwa ngokukhethekile - kungenjalo izisulu ze-poisoning zasekhaya ziyobe zikhulu kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ama-aromas asetshenziselwa kakhulu futhi emkhakheni wokuhweba - afana nekhofi yemvelo kanye ne-lemon ehlongozwayo phambi kwezitshalo zokukhangisa, iphunga lesinkwa esisanda kusetshenziselwa ukwandisa umsebenzi wabathengi. Futhi-ke, bathi, ukuthandwa kukaMcDonald's akupheli ngokuqondile ngenxa yephunga elikhethekile lamakhemikhali, abathandi abaziwa nge-hamburger kuwo wonke umhlaba. Kodwa ngaphezu kokuncintisana kwezomnotho nezinye izinzuzo, umuntu akufanele agweme umsebenzi ongenakuqhathaniswa wokunuka njengo ... enikeza injabulo. Phela, kuvame ukujabulisa kakhulu ukuzwa iphunga.
Yiziphi flavour esizithandayo
Ukuthunga utshani obotshiwe, amaphephandaba amasha, umoya we-ozonized emva kwesiphepho, ihlathi le-coniferous noma ikhofi nesinamoni kuthandwa cishe wonke umuntu. Kodwa kunezintandokazi ezingavamile kakhulu. Abanye abantu, ngokwesibonelo, bathanda iphunga lesitimela, izicathulo zigcina, amakholi anamanzi. Kukhona ama-perfume ama-aromas e-petroli, i-asphalt, ukufana okushiswa, i-acetone, amantombazane amancane nama-kittens, ama-tights amasha, ama-ayisikhilimu, i-Vishnevsky amafutha ... Uhlu luqhubeka kuze kube phakade. Kodwa uma ucabanga ngakho, izinhlobonhlobo ezintandokazi kuyinkambu enhle yokuxhumana nabantu. Futhi uma ubuyela emuva ohlwini lwamagrevane ajwayele, khona-ke kanye nephunga lamakhitt kanye nezibani ezintsha, abesifazane, njalonjalo, njengeningi, njengoba lihlaba ... kulungile, indoda ethandekayo. Futhi lapha, mhlawumbe, umsebenzi obaluleke kunawo wonke wephunga kufakiwe: ikhono lokusiza ekutholeni umlingani.
Njengoba ukhulelwe ngokwemvelo
Asiyeke eceleni kwezenhlalo, amasiko nezinye izici zabantu futhi sicabangele inqubo yokuthola umlingani kusuka endaweni yokubuka. Abantu bakhangwa iphunga lalabo abanesisindo sabo esivela behlukile. Abesifazane baqonda ngokucacile indoda enesisindo esifanayo sezakhi zofuzo njengesihlobo futhi ingaboni kuye uyise wezingane zakhe zesikhathi esizayo - uhlobo lwemvelo luye lwaqaphela ukungabandakanyi izinkinga zokuzalwa zofuzo ezinganeni. Khona-ke ubuchopho buyaqhubeka nokuguqula izimpawu ezithathwe yi-system olfactory. Izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinqubo zezinto eziphilayo emzimbeni ziqalisiwe - indoda inesisindo esikhulu se testosterone, kanti owesifazane une-estrogen. Izimpawu zokuphendula zikhuphula ukwanda kwamakha ekhangayo - futhi abantu bathandana ngokuningi nokuningi. Kwabesifazane, umuzwa wokuthi iphunga unamandla (futhi nakakhulu nakakhulu phakathi nenkathi yokuvuthwa!), Ngakho-ke kubhekwa: bayakhetha indoda. Lokhu kulungile - empeleni banesibopho sokuqhubeka kohlobo.
Ikusasa ngephunga
Abacwaningi baseTel Aviv bathola ukuthi: Abesifazane abacindezelekile abatholi. Ngakho-ke, uma imphunga ingavuswa ngokufika kwentwasahlobo, mhlawumbe isimo somqondo womuntu sidinga ukulungiswa. Abacwaningi baseNingizimu Korea baye basungula: umphumela okhuthazayo nokucindezelayo wekhofi awubangeli isiphuzo, kepha iphunga layo. Ukuze uzizwe ungcono ngemva kokulala ubusuku, (ungaphuzi ikhofi, vele ushaya ubhontshisi). Abacwaningi baseJalimane bahlanza ama-flavour ahlukene eduze kwabantu abalele. Kwaba sengathi iphunga lithinta ngokuqondile izithombe ezibonwe kulephupho. Uma igumbi lokugcoba lifana ne-roses, amaphupho azoba mnandi. Futhi ososayensi eYale University baye bathola ukuthi inkinga enzima kangaka njengokunyanyela kuhlotshaniswa nobuzwe besistimu ye-olfactory. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwabantu kuyingozi ngenxa yemikhiqizo yezinto ngoba izindawo ezithile zobuchopho nazo zingabhekana nephunga layo. Kubonakala sengathi esikhathini esizayo, ngosizo lomqondo wephunga, isintu siyobhekana nokucindezeleka, silwe nesisindo esiningi, bheka amaphupho ngokuhleleka futhi uthole abangane abahle bokuphila. Bathi akusekude isikhathi lapho kumabhayisikobho ifilimu izohambiswa hhayi kuphela ngesilinganiso (ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 lokhu kubonakala kuyingqayizivele), kodwa futhi ngamaphunga ahambisanayo. Ukufuna ukwazi indlela umoya ozwakala ngayo ezweni lakubo ama-giant blue - Pandora.